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題名 多層式動作圖
Multi-Layered Motion Graph作者 林志忠
Lin, Chih Chung貢獻者 李蔡彥
Li, Tsai Yen
林志忠
Lin, Chih Chung關鍵詞 動作圖
動作擷取
電腦動畫
角色動畫
Motion Graph
Motion Capture
Computer Animation
Character Animation日期 2011 上傳時間 30-十月-2012 14:01:28 (UTC+8) 摘要 動作擷取法是現今相當受到歡迎的角色動作產生方法，而一般多是使用已擷取好的動作，以人工的方式將數個不同的動作混合以產生出所需的動作。但想要大量產生符合需求的混合動作仍相當不容易，因此有人提出了「動作圖」這個方法。動作圖是一種根據使用者所給定的動作擷取資料集合，經過自動化的計算找出各個動作資料之間可以連接的動作片段。藉由這個自動化的程序，各個動作擷取資料可以相互連接起來，達到在不同的動作間平順轉換，且同時保有原動作擷取資料擬真特性的目的。但縱使有上述的好處，目前動作圖的技術僅能就所擷取的全身動作進行串接，品質與彈性往往決定於一開始動作擷取資料的準備，因此如何讓既有的全身動作資料得以分解再利用，以發揮最大的價值，是一個重要的問題。在本研究中，我們提出了一個階層式的動作圖結構名為多層式動作圖，在這個多層式動作圖的結構中，我們將身體的動作區分成數個部位，分別計算各自的動作圖後再合併成一個多層式的架構，而合併的過程中我們提出「整體動作相似度」的計算方式，以做為兩個動作是否容易轉接的比較依據。我們也提出了在不同階層間動作圖運作的規則，以使計算的複雜度及系統的可用性取得合理的平衡。此外，我們更進一步提出名為Motion Script的簡易語意描述語言，來輔助控制這個具有高複雜度的動作圖結構。實驗的結果顯示，我們的方法可以即時根據使用者的指令，搜尋並產生出原動作資料所沒有的動作組合。與傳統的動作圖相比，我們的方法能更進一步的發揮原動作擷取資料的價值，以有系統的方式讓動作組合自動產生更具豐富性及彈性。
Motion capture is a popular method for generating realistic character animation. In most applications, a motion usually is prepared by manually blending existing captured motion clips to generate a desired motion clip. However, finding a good transition points manually for two motion clips is a time-consuming task and cannot be scaled up easily. Motion Graph is a technique that has been proposed to automate this process by finding suitable connection points and the corresponding transition motions between motion data. With this automatic procedure, motions captured separately can be smoothly connected while keeping the realism of the captured motions. However, most motion graph techniques only consider the transition of full-body motions in two motion clips, and therefore, the resulting motion .depends on the variety of motions available in the motion database. It is an important issue to be able to compose new motion clips as much as possible with given motion capture database. In this research, we propose a hierarchical motion graph structure called Multi-Layered Motion Graph. In this structure, we divide motion data into layers of parts depending on the articulated structure of human body, and then compute a motion graph for each part of the motion. We then combine these motion graphs into an interconnected hierarchical structure. In order to facilitate the composition of motions for different parts from different motion clips, we propose a new metric called Overall Motion Similarity to find reasonable composition of motions in run time. We also propose several rules about how to traverse the motion graphs in different layers to generate feasible motions. Furthermore, we have designed a scripting language called Motion Script to facilitate the specification and search of desirable animation to be generated. Our experimental results reveal that our method is able to compose animations that the original motion graph cannot generate in real time. Compared to the traditional motion graph method, our method is able to make good use of existing motion capture library to compose new motions in a systematic way.參考文獻 [1] Boulic, R., N. Magnenat-Thalmann, and D. Thalmann, A global human walking model with real-time kinematic personification. Vis. Comput., 1990. 6(6): p. 344-358.[2] Bruderlin, A. and T. Calvert, Knowledge-driven, interactive animation of human running, in Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface `961996, Canadian Information Processing Society: Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p. 213-221.[3] Bruderlin, A. and T.W. Calvert, Goal-directed, dynamic animation of human walking. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph., 1989. 23(3): p. 233-242.[4] Bruderlin, A. and L. Williams, Motion signal processing, in Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques1995, ACM. p. 97-104.[5] Chen, K.-Y., Multi-graph Motion Synthesis, Master Thesis, 2005.[6] Heck, R. and M. Gleicher, Parametric motion graphs, in Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games2007, ACM: Seattle, Washington. p. 129-136.[7] Hecker, C., B. Raabe, R.W. Enslow, J. DeWeese, J. Maynard, and K.v. Prooijen, Real-time motion retargeting to highly varied user-created morphologies. ACM Trans. Graph., 2008. 27(3): p. 1-11.[8] Hsu, E., M.d. Silva, and J. Popovic, Guided time warping for motion editing, in Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation2007, Eurographics Association: San Diego, California. p. 45-52.[9] Jang, W.S., W.K. Lee, I.K. Lee, and J. Lee, Enriching a motion database by analogous combination of partial human motions. The Visual Computer, 2008. 24(4): p. 271-280.[10] Kovar, L., M. Gleicher, and F. Pighin, Motion graphs. ACM Trans. Graph., 2002. 21(3): p. 473-482.[11] Lee, J., J. Chai, P.S.A. Reitsma, J.K. Hodgins, and N.S. Pollard, Interactive control of avatars animated with human motion data. ACM Trans. Graph., 2002. 21(3): p. 491-500.[12] Perlin, K., An image synthesizer. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph., 1985. 19(3): p. 287-296.[13] Perlin, K., Real Time Responsive Animation with Personality. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 1995. 1(1): p. 5-15.[14] Rahim, R.A., N.M. Suaib, and A. Bade, Motion Graph for Character Animation: Design Considerations, in Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer Technology and Development - Volume 022009, IEEE Computer Society. p. 435-439.[15] Rose, C., B. Guenter, B. Bodenheimer, and M.F. Cohen, Efficient generation of motion transitions using spacetime constraints, in Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques1996, ACM. p. 147-154.[16] Safonova, A. and J.K. Hodgins, Construction and optimal search of interpolated motion graphs. ACM Trans. Graph., 2007. 26(3): p. 106.[17] Tarjan, R., Depth-first search and linear graph algorithms. SIAM J. Comput., 1972. 1: p. 146-160.[18] Thorne, M., D. Burke, and M.v.d. Panne, Motion doodles: an interface for sketching character motion. ACM Trans. Graph., 2004. 23(3): p. 424-431.[19] Tomovic, R. and R. McGhee, A finite state approach to the synthesis of bioengineering control systems. IEEE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, 1966: p. 65-69.[20] Unuma, M., K. Anjyo, and R. Takeuchi, Fourier principles for emotion-based human figure animation, in Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques1995, ACM. p. 91-96.[21] Witkin, A. and Z. Popovic, Motion warping, in Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques1995, ACM. p. 105-108.[22] Zeltzer, D., Motor Control Techniques for Figure Animation. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl., 1982. 2(9): p. 53-59.[23] Zhao, L. and A. Safonova, Achieving good connectivity in motion graphs. Graph. Models, 2009. 71(4): p. 139-152.[24] Intel Threading Building Blocks for Open Source: http://threadingbuildingblocks.org[25] OGRE: http://www.ogre3d.org[26] Qt: http://qt.nokia.com/products 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
98753006
100資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098753006 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 李蔡彥 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Li, Tsai Yen en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 林志忠 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Lin, Chih Chung en_US dc.creator (作者) 林志忠 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Chih Chung en_US dc.date (日期) 2011 en_US dc.date.accessioned 30-十月-2012 14:01:28 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 30-十月-2012 14:01:28 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-十月-2012 14:01:28 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0098753006 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54864 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 98753006 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 100 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 動作擷取法是現今相當受到歡迎的角色動作產生方法，而一般多是使用已擷取好的動作，以人工的方式將數個不同的動作混合以產生出所需的動作。但想要大量產生符合需求的混合動作仍相當不容易，因此有人提出了「動作圖」這個方法。動作圖是一種根據使用者所給定的動作擷取資料集合，經過自動化的計算找出各個動作資料之間可以連接的動作片段。藉由這個自動化的程序，各個動作擷取資料可以相互連接起來，達到在不同的動作間平順轉換，且同時保有原動作擷取資料擬真特性的目的。但縱使有上述的好處，目前動作圖的技術僅能就所擷取的全身動作進行串接，品質與彈性往往決定於一開始動作擷取資料的準備，因此如何讓既有的全身動作資料得以分解再利用，以發揮最大的價值，是一個重要的問題。在本研究中，我們提出了一個階層式的動作圖結構名為多層式動作圖，在這個多層式動作圖的結構中，我們將身體的動作區分成數個部位，分別計算各自的動作圖後再合併成一個多層式的架構，而合併的過程中我們提出「整體動作相似度」的計算方式，以做為兩個動作是否容易轉接的比較依據。我們也提出了在不同階層間動作圖運作的規則，以使計算的複雜度及系統的可用性取得合理的平衡。此外，我們更進一步提出名為Motion Script的簡易語意描述語言，來輔助控制這個具有高複雜度的動作圖結構。實驗的結果顯示，我們的方法可以即時根據使用者的指令，搜尋並產生出原動作資料所沒有的動作組合。與傳統的動作圖相比，我們的方法能更進一步的發揮原動作擷取資料的價值，以有系統的方式讓動作組合自動產生更具豐富性及彈性。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Motion capture is a popular method for generating realistic character animation. In most applications, a motion usually is prepared by manually blending existing captured motion clips to generate a desired motion clip. However, finding a good transition points manually for two motion clips is a time-consuming task and cannot be scaled up easily. Motion Graph is a technique that has been proposed to automate this process by finding suitable connection points and the corresponding transition motions between motion data. With this automatic procedure, motions captured separately can be smoothly connected while keeping the realism of the captured motions. However, most motion graph techniques only consider the transition of full-body motions in two motion clips, and therefore, the resulting motion .depends on the variety of motions available in the motion database. It is an important issue to be able to compose new motion clips as much as possible with given motion capture database. In this research, we propose a hierarchical motion graph structure called Multi-Layered Motion Graph. In this structure, we divide motion data into layers of parts depending on the articulated structure of human body, and then compute a motion graph for each part of the motion. We then combine these motion graphs into an interconnected hierarchical structure. In order to facilitate the composition of motions for different parts from different motion clips, we propose a new metric called Overall Motion Similarity to find reasonable composition of motions in run time. We also propose several rules about how to traverse the motion graphs in different layers to generate feasible motions. Furthermore, we have designed a scripting language called Motion Script to facilitate the specification and search of desirable animation to be generated. Our experimental results reveal that our method is able to compose animations that the original motion graph cannot generate in real time. Compared to the traditional motion graph method, our method is able to make good use of existing motion capture library to compose new motions in a systematic way. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 導論 ... 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 ... 1 1.2 問題描述 ... 4 1.3 論文貢獻 ... 6第二章 相關研究 ... 8 2.1 動作擷取 ... 8 2.2 程序式動畫 ... 10 2.3 動作圖 ... 13 2.4 問題與討論 ... 14第三章 動作圖 ... 16 3.1 相似方程式 ... 17 3.2 動作圖建立 ... 20 3.3 問題 ... 22第四章 多層式動作圖之建構 ... 24 4.1 多層式動作圖建構概論 ...26 4.2 多層式動作圖建立系統 ... 28 4.2.1 動作圖建立系統IMMGC總覽 ... 28 4.2.2 資料前處理 ... 29 4.2.3 動作圖產生器細部架構 ... 29 4.2.3.1 動作相似度比較 ... 30 4.2.3.2 動作連接節點選擇 ... 31 4.2.3.3 動作圖清理 ...32 4.2.4 合拼建立多層式動作圖 ...34第五章 使用多層式動作圖 ... 39 5.1 多層式動作圖階層切換規則 ... 40 5.2 動作選擇 ... 43 5.3 Motion Script ... 44第六章 實驗結果與討論 ... 48 6.1 系統實作 ... 49 6.2 整體動作相似度驗證 ... 50 6.2.1 驗證實驗 ...51 6.3 動作轉換效率測試 ... 56 6.4 綜合應用範例 ... 60 6.4.1 Motion Script測試 ... 63 6.4.2 連續搜尋測試 ... 64第七章 結論與未來發展 ... 66參考文獻 ... 69 zh_TW dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098753006 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動作圖 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動作擷取 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電腦動畫 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 角色動畫 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Motion Graph en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Motion Capture en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Computer Animation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Character Animation en_US dc.title (題名) 多層式動作圖 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Multi-Layered Motion Graph en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] Boulic, R., N. Magnenat-Thalmann, and D. Thalmann, A global human walking model with real-time kinematic personification. Vis. Comput., 1990. 6(6): p. 344-358.[2] Bruderlin, A. and T. Calvert, Knowledge-driven, interactive animation of human running, in Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface `961996, Canadian Information Processing Society: Toronto, Ontario, Canada. p. 213-221.[3] Bruderlin, A. and T.W. Calvert, Goal-directed, dynamic animation of human walking. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph., 1989. 23(3): p. 233-242.[4] Bruderlin, A. and L. Williams, Motion signal processing, in Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques1995, ACM. p. 97-104.[5] Chen, K.-Y., Multi-graph Motion Synthesis, Master Thesis, 2005.[6] Heck, R. and M. Gleicher, Parametric motion graphs, in Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games2007, ACM: Seattle, Washington. p. 129-136.[7] Hecker, C., B. Raabe, R.W. Enslow, J. DeWeese, J. Maynard, and K.v. Prooijen, Real-time motion retargeting to highly varied user-created morphologies. ACM Trans. Graph., 2008. 27(3): p. 1-11.[8] Hsu, E., M.d. Silva, and J. Popovic, Guided time warping for motion editing, in Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation2007, Eurographics Association: San Diego, California. p. 45-52.[9] Jang, W.S., W.K. Lee, I.K. Lee, and J. Lee, Enriching a motion database by analogous combination of partial human motions. The Visual Computer, 2008. 24(4): p. 271-280.[10] Kovar, L., M. Gleicher, and F. Pighin, Motion graphs. ACM Trans. Graph., 2002. 21(3): p. 473-482.[11] Lee, J., J. Chai, P.S.A. Reitsma, J.K. Hodgins, and N.S. Pollard, Interactive control of avatars animated with human motion data. ACM Trans. Graph., 2002. 21(3): p. 491-500.[12] Perlin, K., An image synthesizer. SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph., 1985. 19(3): p. 287-296.[13] Perlin, K., Real Time Responsive Animation with Personality. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 1995. 1(1): p. 5-15.[14] Rahim, R.A., N.M. Suaib, and A. Bade, Motion Graph for Character Animation: Design Considerations, in Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer Technology and Development - Volume 022009, IEEE Computer Society. p. 435-439.[15] Rose, C., B. Guenter, B. Bodenheimer, and M.F. Cohen, Efficient generation of motion transitions using spacetime constraints, in Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques1996, ACM. p. 147-154.[16] Safonova, A. and J.K. Hodgins, Construction and optimal search of interpolated motion graphs. ACM Trans. Graph., 2007. 26(3): p. 106.[17] Tarjan, R., Depth-first search and linear graph algorithms. SIAM J. Comput., 1972. 1: p. 146-160.[18] Thorne, M., D. Burke, and M.v.d. Panne, Motion doodles: an interface for sketching character motion. ACM Trans. Graph., 2004. 23(3): p. 424-431.[19] Tomovic, R. and R. McGhee, A finite state approach to the synthesis of bioengineering control systems. IEEE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, 1966: p. 65-69.[20] Unuma, M., K. Anjyo, and R. Takeuchi, Fourier principles for emotion-based human figure animation, in Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques1995, ACM. p. 91-96.[21] Witkin, A. and Z. Popovic, Motion warping, in Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques1995, ACM. p. 105-108.[22] Zeltzer, D., Motor Control Techniques for Figure Animation. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl., 1982. 2(9): p. 53-59.[23] Zhao, L. and A. Safonova, Achieving good connectivity in motion graphs. Graph. Models, 2009. 71(4): p. 139-152.[24] Intel Threading Building Blocks for Open Source: http://threadingbuildingblocks.org[25] OGRE: http://www.ogre3d.org[26] Qt: http://qt.nokia.com/products zh_TW
