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題名 集權與分權並行運作的組織設計
The organization design with centralization and decentralization
作者 康崵旐
貢獻者 管康彥
康崵旐
關鍵詞 集權
分權
組織設計
全球整合
資源配置
日期 2011
上傳時間 30-十月-2012 14:20:37 (UTC+8)
摘要 由於科技的進步、全球市場的興起、以及消費者需求多變等種種原因，使組織面臨的環境更加動盪，企業過去單純追求成本領導或差異化的策略進而造成的競爭優勢不一定能延續下去，而組織也無法單純的預測環境而面對未來的環境變遷、無法單純降低營運風險而達到營運效率，更無法單純地運用過去解決方式的問題因應未來的組織環境。在這樣的情況下面，過去單純過於集權或分權的組織設計方式，都無法因應未來的挑戰。許多知名的企業紛紛將這極為衝突的兩件事情試著並行在一個組織中，來因應環境帶來的挑戰。因此，在動盪的環境中，如何將這兩者並行，使企業能在迅速因應環境變化的同時，又能有成本上的優勢，是現今企業欲深入探討的問題。
本研究在文獻探討的部分，首先先闡述組織設計的原理，接著比較過往學者在集權與分權上面的討論以及其優缺點，接著歸納出許多以集分權並行概念為基礎的組織設計模式，包括多維組織、混合式組織、全球整合型組織、無疆界組織、雙面式組織以及電子化企業。在個案探討的部分，運用IBM以及日立集團來分析並且印證企業如何運用集權與分權並行的組織設計來因應動盪的環境。
最終歸納出在動盪環境下，企業並行集分權下組織設計的轉變：一、從地區導向到全球整合；二、從資源獨立分配到資源統籌；三、從風險最小到機會最大。透過上述思維的概念下，組織運用集權與分權並行的設計，得以更迅速且確實的回應顧客需求、針對各市場進行調整，又能得到成本領導上的優勢，使得企業能維持其競爭力，並為企業帶來價值。故企業可運用本研究之結論來檢視其設計的思維，並將本研究之結論作為組織設計之參考依據。

關鍵字：組織設計、集權、分權、全球整合、資源配置
參考文獻 1. Anand, N. & Daft, R. L. (2007). What is the Right Organization Design. Organizational Dynamics, 36(4), 329-344.
2. Ansoff, H.I. & McDonell, E. (1993). Implanting Strategic Management. New York: Prentice Hall.
3. Ashkenas, R. (1999). Creating the Boundaryless Organization. Business Horizons, 42(5), 5.
4. Battilana, J. (2010). Building Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: The Case Of Commercial Microfinance Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 1419-1440.
5. Betts, B. & Heinrich, C. E. (2003). Adapt or Die: Transforming Your Supply Chain into an Adaptive Business Network. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
6. Burns, T. & Stalker, G. M. (1966), The management of innovation. Tavistock Publications.
7. Christensen, C. M. (2003), The Innovator’s Dilemma: The Revolutionary National Book That Will Change the Way You Do Business. New York: Harpercollins
8. Compton H. M. (1998). e-business: A Relationship Marketing Perspective. eCommerce -Trading But Not As We Know It, 2/1 -2/46.
9. Daft, Richard L (2005), Fundamentals of Organization Theory and Design, 8th ed., Ohio：South-Western College Publishing.
10. Daniels, J. (1987), Approaches to European regional management by large U.S. multinational firms, Management International Review, 26, 27-42.
11. Dokter, R., Tung, R., & Von Glinow, M. A. (1991), Incorporating international dimensions in management theory building. Academy of Management Review, 16, 259-261.
12. Drucker, Peter (1999), Peter Drucker on the Profession of Management. Client Distribution Services.
13. Galbraith, J. R. (2002), Organization to Deliver Solutions, Organizational Dynamics, 31(2), 194-207.
14. Goold, M. & Campbell, A. (2002). Do You Have a Well-Designed Organization? Harvard Business Review, 80(3), 117-124.
15. Hamel, G. & Skarzynski. P (2001). Innovation: The new route to wealth. Journal Of Accountancy, 192(5), 65-70.
16. Henry Mintzberg (1992), Mintzberg on Management: Inside Our Strange World of Organizations. Free Press.
17. Hindle, T. (2008). Guide to management ideas and gurus, Bloomberg Press.
18. Hitachi 2010 Annual Report
19. Hitachi 2012 Mid-term Management Plan
20. Hitachi Smart Transform Project
21. IBM 2011 Annual Report
22. Ichii, S., Hattori, S., & Michael, D. (2012). How to Win in Emerging Markets: Lessons from Japan. Harvard Business Review, 90(5), 126-130.
23. Immelt, J. R., Govindarajan, V., & Trimble, C. (2009). How GE Is Disrupting Itself. Harvard Business Review, 87(10), 56-65.
24. Jack Lam, Y. L. (2001), Toward reconceptualizing organizational learning: a multidimensional interpretation, International Journal of Educational Management, 15(5), 212–219
25. Johnson, M. W., C. M. Christensen, et al. "Reinventing your business model." If you read nothing else on strategy, read thesebest-selling articles.: 57.
26. Jones, G. & Hill, C. (2010), Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, Houghton Mifflin College Div.
27. Jones, R. G. (2011), Organizational Theory, Design, and Change, Pearson.
28. Matthew, S. O. & van Bever, D. (2008), Stall Points: Most Companies Stop Growing-Yours Doesn`t Have To. Yale University Press.
29. Nunes, P. & Breene, T. (2011). Reinvent Your Business Before It`s Too Late. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 80-87.
30. Olson, M., van Bever, D. & Verry, S. (2008). When Growth Stalls, Harvard Business Review, 86(3), 50-61.
31. O`Reilly III, C. A. & Tushman, M. L. (2004). The Ambidextrous Organization. Harvard Business Review, 82(4), 74-81.
32. Pache, A. C. & Santosa, F. M. (2010). Inside the Hybrid Organization: An Organizational Level View of Responses to Conflicting Institutional Demands. INSEAD Working Papers Collection, (57), 1-61.
33. Palmisano, S (2007), The Globally Integrated Enterprise. Forum on Global Leadership.
34. Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1990). The Core Competence of the Corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-91.
35. Pugh, D. S., Hickson, D. J., Hinings, C. R., & Turner, C. (1968). Dimensions of Organization Structure. Administrative Science Quarterly, 13(1), 65-105.
36. Quinn, J. B. & Hilmer, F. G. (1995). Strategic outsourcing. McKinsey Quarterly(1), 48-70.
37. Rubin, A. & Babbie, E. (2009). Essential Research Methods for Social Work. Cengage Learning.
38. Sanchez, F. (2007). The Globally Integrated Enterprise, Forum on Global Leadership.
39. Seeds, D. & Khade, A. S. (2008). Transforming a Multi-national Corporation From a Centralized Organization to a Decentralized Organization. Journal of International Business Strategy, 8(3), 99-104.
40. Stan, O. & Kondal, R. K. (2006). How to develop knowledge culture in organizations? A multiple case study of large distributed organizations. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(4), 6 – 24.
41. Strikwerda, J. & Stoelhorst, J. W. (2009), The Emergence and Evolution of the Multidimensional Organization. California Management Review, 51(4).
42. Sull, D. (2009). How to Thrive in Turbulent Markets. Harvard Business Review, 87(2), 78-88.
43. Sullivan, D. (1992), Organization in American MNCs: The perspective of the European regional headquarters. Management International Review, 32, 237-250.
44. Tichy, N. M. & Sherman, S. (2005). Control your destiny or someone else will: How Jack Welch is making General Electric the world`s most competitive corporation. Doubleday, New York.
45. Tushman, M. L., & O`Reilly Iii, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous Organizations: Managing Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change. California Management Review, 38(4), 8-30.
46. Vijay, D. (2011). The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations. South Asian Journal of Management, 18(2), 145-149.
47. Yip, G. (1993), Total global strategy: Managing for worldwide competitive advantage, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
99355038
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0993550381
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 管康彥zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 康崵旐zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 康崵旐zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 30-十月-2012 14:20:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 30-十月-2012 14:20:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 30-十月-2012 14:20:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0993550381en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54902-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 企業管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99355038zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於科技的進步、全球市場的興起、以及消費者需求多變等種種原因，使組織面臨的環境更加動盪，企業過去單純追求成本領導或差異化的策略進而造成的競爭優勢不一定能延續下去，而組織也無法單純的預測環境而面對未來的環境變遷、無法單純降低營運風險而達到營運效率，更無法單純地運用過去解決方式的問題因應未來的組織環境。在這樣的情況下面，過去單純過於集權或分權的組織設計方式，都無法因應未來的挑戰。許多知名的企業紛紛將這極為衝突的兩件事情試著並行在一個組織中，來因應環境帶來的挑戰。因此，在動盪的環境中，如何將這兩者並行，使企業能在迅速因應環境變化的同時，又能有成本上的優勢，是現今企業欲深入探討的問題。
本研究在文獻探討的部分，首先先闡述組織設計的原理，接著比較過往學者在集權與分權上面的討論以及其優缺點，接著歸納出許多以集分權並行概念為基礎的組織設計模式，包括多維組織、混合式組織、全球整合型組織、無疆界組織、雙面式組織以及電子化企業。在個案探討的部分，運用IBM以及日立集團來分析並且印證企業如何運用集權與分權並行的組織設計來因應動盪的環境。
最終歸納出在動盪環境下，企業並行集分權下組織設計的轉變：一、從地區導向到全球整合；二、從資源獨立分配到資源統籌；三、從風險最小到機會最大。透過上述思維的概念下，組織運用集權與分權並行的設計，得以更迅速且確實的回應顧客需求、針對各市場進行調整，又能得到成本領導上的優勢，使得企業能維持其競爭力，並為企業帶來價值。故企業可運用本研究之結論來檢視其設計的思維，並將本研究之結論作為組織設計之參考依據。

關鍵字：組織設計、集權、分權、全球整合、資源配置		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究問題與目的 4
第三節 研究方法 5
第四節 研究限制 6
第貳章 文獻探討 8
第一節 組織設計 8
第二節 集權及分權的組織設計 13
第三節 集分權組織設計並行的落實 18
第參章 IBM 33
第一節 個案公司背景描述 33
第二節 個案公司經營現況 36
第三節 個案公司分析 43
第肆章 株式會社日立製作所 49
第一節 個案公司背景描述 49
第二節 個案公司經營現況 52
第三節 個案公司分析 59
第伍章 結論與建議 69
第一節 研究結論 69
第二節 管理意涵 78
第三節 後續研究建議 80
參考文獻 82		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0993550381en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 集權zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 分權zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 組織設計zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 全球整合zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資源配置zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 集權與分權並行運作的組織設計zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The organization design with centralization and decentralizationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Anand, N. & Daft, R. L. (2007). What is the Right Organization Design. Organizational Dynamics, 36(4), 329-344.
2. Ansoff, H.I. & McDonell, E. (1993). Implanting Strategic Management. New York: Prentice Hall.
3. Ashkenas, R. (1999). Creating the Boundaryless Organization. Business Horizons, 42(5), 5.
4. Battilana, J. (2010). Building Sustainable Hybrid Organizations: The Case Of Commercial Microfinance Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 1419-1440.
5. Betts, B. & Heinrich, C. E. (2003). Adapt or Die: Transforming Your Supply Chain into an Adaptive Business Network. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
6. Burns, T. & Stalker, G. M. (1966), The management of innovation. Tavistock Publications.
7. Christensen, C. M. (2003), The Innovator’s Dilemma: The Revolutionary National Book That Will Change the Way You Do Business. New York: Harpercollins
8. Compton H. M. (1998). e-business: A Relationship Marketing Perspective. eCommerce -Trading But Not As We Know It, 2/1 -2/46.
9. Daft, Richard L (2005), Fundamentals of Organization Theory and Design, 8th ed., Ohio：South-Western College Publishing.
10. Daniels, J. (1987), Approaches to European regional management by large U.S. multinational firms, Management International Review, 26, 27-42.
11. Dokter, R., Tung, R., & Von Glinow, M. A. (1991), Incorporating international dimensions in management theory building. Academy of Management Review, 16, 259-261.
12. Drucker, Peter (1999), Peter Drucker on the Profession of Management. Client Distribution Services.
13. Galbraith, J. R. (2002), Organization to Deliver Solutions, Organizational Dynamics, 31(2), 194-207.
14. Goold, M. & Campbell, A. (2002). Do You Have a Well-Designed Organization? Harvard Business Review, 80(3), 117-124.
15. Hamel, G. & Skarzynski. P (2001). Innovation: The new route to wealth. Journal Of Accountancy, 192(5), 65-70.
16. Henry Mintzberg (1992), Mintzberg on Management: Inside Our Strange World of Organizations. Free Press.
17. Hindle, T. (2008). Guide to management ideas and gurus, Bloomberg Press.
18. Hitachi 2010 Annual Report
19. Hitachi 2012 Mid-term Management Plan
20. Hitachi Smart Transform Project
21. IBM 2011 Annual Report
22. Ichii, S., Hattori, S., & Michael, D. (2012). How to Win in Emerging Markets: Lessons from Japan. Harvard Business Review, 90(5), 126-130.
23. Immelt, J. R., Govindarajan, V., & Trimble, C. (2009). How GE Is Disrupting Itself. Harvard Business Review, 87(10), 56-65.
24. Jack Lam, Y. L. (2001), Toward reconceptualizing organizational learning: a multidimensional interpretation, International Journal of Educational Management, 15(5), 212–219
25. Johnson, M. W., C. M. Christensen, et al. "Reinventing your business model." If you read nothing else on strategy, read thesebest-selling articles.: 57.
26. Jones, G. & Hill, C. (2010), Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach, Houghton Mifflin College Div.
27. Jones, R. G. (2011), Organizational Theory, Design, and Change, Pearson.
28. Matthew, S. O. & van Bever, D. (2008), Stall Points: Most Companies Stop Growing-Yours Doesn`t Have To. Yale University Press.
29. Nunes, P. & Breene, T. (2011). Reinvent Your Business Before It`s Too Late. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 80-87.
30. Olson, M., van Bever, D. & Verry, S. (2008). When Growth Stalls, Harvard Business Review, 86(3), 50-61.
31. O`Reilly III, C. A. & Tushman, M. L. (2004). The Ambidextrous Organization. Harvard Business Review, 82(4), 74-81.
32. Pache, A. C. & Santosa, F. M. (2010). Inside the Hybrid Organization: An Organizational Level View of Responses to Conflicting Institutional Demands. INSEAD Working Papers Collection, (57), 1-61.
33. Palmisano, S (2007), The Globally Integrated Enterprise. Forum on Global Leadership.
34. Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1990). The Core Competence of the Corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-91.
35. Pugh, D. S., Hickson, D. J., Hinings, C. R., & Turner, C. (1968). Dimensions of Organization Structure. Administrative Science Quarterly, 13(1), 65-105.
36. Quinn, J. B. & Hilmer, F. G. (1995). Strategic outsourcing. McKinsey Quarterly(1), 48-70.
37. Rubin, A. & Babbie, E. (2009). Essential Research Methods for Social Work. Cengage Learning.
38. Sanchez, F. (2007). The Globally Integrated Enterprise, Forum on Global Leadership.
39. Seeds, D. & Khade, A. S. (2008). Transforming a Multi-national Corporation From a Centralized Organization to a Decentralized Organization. Journal of International Business Strategy, 8(3), 99-104.
40. Stan, O. & Kondal, R. K. (2006). How to develop knowledge culture in organizations? A multiple case study of large distributed organizations. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(4), 6 – 24.
41. Strikwerda, J. & Stoelhorst, J. W. (2009), The Emergence and Evolution of the Multidimensional Organization. California Management Review, 51(4).
42. Sull, D. (2009). How to Thrive in Turbulent Markets. Harvard Business Review, 87(2), 78-88.
43. Sullivan, D. (1992), Organization in American MNCs: The perspective of the European regional headquarters. Management International Review, 32, 237-250.
44. Tichy, N. M. & Sherman, S. (2005). Control your destiny or someone else will: How Jack Welch is making General Electric the world`s most competitive corporation. Doubleday, New York.
45. Tushman, M. L., & O`Reilly Iii, C. A. (1996). Ambidextrous Organizations: Managing Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change. California Management Review, 38(4), 8-30.
46. Vijay, D. (2011). The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations. South Asian Journal of Management, 18(2), 145-149.
47. Yip, G. (1993), Total global strategy: Managing for worldwide competitive advantage, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall.		zh_TW