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題名 獨立機關治理結構與過程之研究：以我國選舉行政為例
The Study of the Governance Structures and Processes of Independent Agency：The Case of Election Administration in Taiwan作者 王曉麟
Wang, Hsiao Lin貢獻者 孫本初<br>黃臺生
王曉麟
Wang, Hsiao Lin關鍵詞 獨立機關
治理結構
治理過程
選舉行政
選舉治理
中央選舉委員會
Independent Agency
Governance Structure
Governance Process
Election Administration
Electoral Governance
Central Election Commission日期 2012 上傳時間 2-九月-2013 17:02:34 (UTC+8) 摘要 自美國於1887年創設州際商務委員會以來，歷經20世紀歐洲管制型國家的興起，此種以美國獨立管制委員會為發展原型的獨立機關，業已成為世界各國管制革新與政府再造之主要制度設計與制度選擇。我國以行政院組織改造為主軸的政府再造亦襲用之，成立國家通訊傳播委員會、公平交易委員會、中央選舉委員會等三個獨立機關，確立通訊傳播、公平交易、選舉行政為我國三大獨立管制行政領域。鑒於獨立機關研究之方興未艾與選舉行政研究付之闕如，爰以我國中央選舉委員會為例，探討獨立機關治理結構與過程，研析我國選舉行政機關治理結構與過程，並建構我國選舉行政（選舉治理）獨立性之評估架構。 本研究採用新制度論研究途徑，運用質量並用研究方法，爬梳整理獨立機關與選舉行政治理結構之類型、內涵與效果，探索各種類型之獨立機關與選舉行政機關治理結構共同之建構原則及治理過程共通之標準，歸納治理結構面向之五個影響因素為制度、組織、人事、財務、網絡；治理過程面向之五個因素為自主、公平、透明、課責、績效。同時研析我中央選舉委員會之治理結構與過程，藉以設計量化研究之調查問卷與質化研究之深度訪談題目各一項。分別以參加2011年及2012年行政院人事行政總處地方行政研習中心選務工作人員講習班之575位各級政府選務工作人員進行調查，有效問卷482份，有效問卷回收率為83.83%，相關資料以社會科學統計套裝軟體SPSS 19.0版進行統計分析。深度訪談則訪談選舉行政機關具有選舉行政決策權力之高層主管人員、政府相關機關高層人員、主要政黨高層人員等三類人員9人，相關資料以內容分析法進行分析。 經由文獻分析、比較分析、案例分析與兩項實證研究，分別從獨立機關治理、選舉行政治理、我國選舉行政治理、實證研究分析等四個方面提出研究發現。為解決實務問題並提升我國選舉行政獨立性，爰從治理結構與治理過程各個因素，提出二十項政策建議，以作為未來改革我國選舉行政相關制度與機制之參考，並提出四項未來研究建議，俾後續研究者於研究主題、研究策略與研究方法等方面有所參照。
Independent Agency which take United States Independent Regulatory Commission as developmental prototype already became the main institutional design and institutional choice of regulatory reform and reinventing government all over the world since United States set up Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887 and gone through the rise of regulatory state of European countries in 20th century. The reinventing government in Taiwan which take Executive Yuan organizational reform as principal axis take over it and established three independent agencies that are National Communication Commission, Fair Trade Commission and Central Election Commission, identify communication, fair trade and election administration are three independent administration governance domains in Taiwan. In view of the research of independent agencies are still growing and election administration is neglect, take Central Election Commission in Taiwan for example to discuss the governance structures and processes of independent agency, analysis the governance structures and processes and construct assessment framework of election administration (electoral governance ) in Taiwan. The dissertation adopt New Institutionalism approach and mixed research methods, sort out types, contents and effects of independent agency and election administration governance structure. Explore the common structure principles and governance processes criterions of various types of independent agencies and electoral management bodies. Summary five affect factors of governance structure dimension are institution, organization, personnel, finance and network, five affect factors of governance process dimension are independence, fairness, transparency, accountability and performance. At the same time, analysis the governance structures and processes of Central Election Commission in Taiwan in order to design a questionnaire of quantitative research and an in-depth interview question of qualitative research. The former survey 575 election affair staffs who participated in Election Affair Staff Workshops of Regional Civil Service Development Institute of Central Personnel Administration, Executive Yuan 2011 and 2012, valid questionnaires are 482, valid response rate is 83.83%, related data are analysis by Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) 19.0. The latter are interview three categories persons who are with decision making power in election administration commissions, senior officials in other government authorities concerned and members of main political parties, related data are analysis by content analysis. By way of documentary analysis, comparative analysis, case studies and two empirical studies, put forward four research discoveries from four aspects which are independent agency governances, election administration governances, election administration governances in Taiwan and empirical studies analysis. For the purpose of solving practical problems and enhancing independence of election administration, make twenty policy recommendations from various factors of governance structure and governance processes regard as the references of reforming electoral administration institutions and mechanisms in Taiwan in the future. Propose four future research suggestions for the sake of giving consultations in research topics, research strategies and research methods for further follow-up researchers.
"第一章 緒論....................................... 1 第一節 研究背景與動機.............................. 1 第二節 研究目的與問題.............................. 8 第三節 研究途徑、方法與流程........................ 12 第四節 研究範圍與限制.............................. 19 第五節 研究概念界定............................... 21 第二章 文獻探討................................... 27 第一節 國家治理典範變遷............................ 27 第二節 獨立機關治理之意涵.......................... 35 第三節 獨立機關治理之理論基礎....................... 46 第四節 獨立機關治理之結構、過程與評估標準............ 51 第五節 選舉行政機關治理之結構、過程與評估標準........ 58 第三章 我國選舉行政機關治理結構與過程之研析.......... 83 第一節 我國選舉行政治理結構與過程之演進.............. 83 第二節 我國選舉委員會獨立機關定位之理由.............. 105 第三節 我國選舉行政機關治理之問題................... 110 第四章 研究設計................................... 123 第一節 研究架構與假設.............................. 123 第二節 問題設計與調查實施.......................... 128 第三節 資料處理................................... 149 第五章 結果分析................................... 157 第一節 治理結構因素之分析.......................... 157 第二節 治理過程因素之分析.......................... 199 第三節 治理結構與治理過程之相關分析................. 236 第六章 結論....................................... 241 第一節 研究發現................................... 241 第二節 研究建議................................... 251 參考文獻 ...........................................265 中文文獻 ........................................265 英文文獻 .........................................269 其他 ...........................................292 附錄 ...............................................293 附錄一 世界各國選舉行政機關網....................... 293 附錄二 世界各國或地區選舉行政機關一覽表.............. 299 附錄三 各主要國家選舉行政機關組織職權一覽表.......... 315 附錄四 我國各項公職人員選舉大事記................... 323 附錄五 調查問卷................................... 353 附錄六 調查問卷交叉分析表.......................... 359 附錄七 訪談同意書................................. 409 附錄八 深度訪談問題............................... 411 附錄九 深度訪談紀錄............................... 415 表次 表1-1-1 變革轉變趨勢............................... 2 表1-3-1 本研究各章研究方法.......................... 16 表1-5-1 我國獨立機關之比較.......................... 21 表1-5-2 選舉制度之觀點.............................. 25 表2-1-1 治理的轉型與管制國家的本質................... 27 表2-1-2 福利國家與管制型國家之差異................... 31 表2-1-3 管制型國家發生的全球化與政治趨力觀點解釋....... 33 表2-2-1 歐洲獨立管制機關典型的制度特徵............... 36 表2-3-1 管制的制度變遷.............................. 49 表2-3-2 新制度論說明制度變遷........................ 50 表2-4-1 管制過程的基本要素.......................... 55 表2-4-2 獨立機關衡量指標彙整表....................... 57 表2-5-1 選舉行政機關類型數目百分比統計............... 59 表2-5-2 三種類型選舉行政機關制度類型與特徵............ 61 表2-5-3 三種類型選舉行政機關之優缺點比較.............. 63 表2-5-4 多黨制、專家制與混合制選舉行政機關之優缺點..... 66 表2-5-5 美英法三國選舉機關比較....................... 68 表2-5-6 選舉治理之層次.............................. 72 表2-5-7 選舉評估步驟與績效指標....................... 76 表2-5-8 選舉績效稽核：標準與議題 .................... 79 表2-5-9 選舉行政指標彙整表.......................... 81 表3-1-1 選舉法制研修沿革............................ 88 表3-1-2 我國選舉行政機關演變........................ 94 表3-1-3 中央選舉委員會改制前後差異比較............... 94 表3-3-1 我國中央選舉委員會之獨立性驗證............... 113 表3-3-2 選政選務制度觀點之比較...................... 119 表4-2-1 調查問卷治理結構面向問題.................... 129 表4-2-2 調查問卷治理過程面向問題.................... 130 表4-2-3 個人基本資料............................... 131 表4-2-4 實證研究訪談題目與問卷題目對照表............. 137 表4-2-5 第13任總統副總統及第8屆立法委員選舉投票日選務 工作人員人數統計...................................... 142 表4-2-6 研究樣本基本屬性統計表...................... 144 表4-2-7 樣本代表性檢定............................. 145 表4-2-8 深度訪談受訪者個人資料表.................... 147 表4-2-9 深度訪談行程表.............................. 148 表4-3-1 治理結構面問題之因素命名與信度分析表.......... 151 表4-3-2 治理過程構面問題之因素命名與信度分析表........ 153 表5-1-1 制度因素問題平均數分析表.................... 157 表5-1-2 制度因素問題次數分配表...................... 158 表5-1-3 基本屬性與制度因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 159 表5-1-4 基本屬性與制度因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 160 表5-1-5 制度因素之假設驗證.......................... 161 表5-1-6 組織因素問題平均數分析表.................... 167 表5-1-7 組織因素問題次數分配表...................... 167 表5-1-8 基本屬性與組織因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 168 表5-1-9 基本屬性與組織因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 169 表5-1-10 組織因素之假設驗證......................... 170 表5-1-11 人事因素問題平均數分析表................... 174 表5-1-12 人事因素問題次數分配表..................... 174 表5-1-13 基本屬性與人事因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 175 表5-1-14 基本屬性與人事因素之單因子變異數分析......... 177 表5-1-15 人事因素之假設驗證......................... 178 表5-1-16 財務因素問題平均數分析表................... 182 表5-1-17 財務因素問題次數分配表..................... 182 表5-1-18 基本屬性與財務因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 183 表5-1-19 基本屬性與財務因素之單因子變異數分析......... 185 表5-1-20 財務因素之假設驗證......................... 186 表5-1-21 網絡因素問題平均數分析表................... 189 表5-1-22 網絡因素問題次數分配表..................... 189 表5-1-23 基本屬性與網絡因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析....... 190 表5-1-24 基本屬性與網絡因素之單因子變異數分析......... 192 表5-1-25 網絡因素之假設驗證......................... 193 表5-2-1 自主因素問題平均數分析表.................... 199 表5-2-2 自主因素問題次數分配表...................... 200 表5-2-3 基本屬性與自主因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 201 表5-2-4 基本屬性與自主因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 202 表5-2-5 自主因素之假設驗證.......................... 203 表5-2-6 公平因素問題平均數分析表.................... 208 表5-2-7 公平因素問題次數分配表...................... 209 表5-2-8 基本屬性與公平因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 210 表5-2-9 基本屬性與公平因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 211 表5-2-10 公平因素之假設驗證......................... 212 表5-2-11 透明因素問題平均數分析表................... 214 表5-2-12 透明因素問題次數分配表..................... 215 表5-2-13 基本屬性與透明因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 216 表5-2-14 基本屬性與透明因素之單因子變異數分析......... 217 表5-2-15 透明因素之假設驗證......................... 218 表5-2-16 課責因素問題平均數分析表................... 222 表5-2-17 課責因素問題次數分配表..................... 222 表5-2-18 基本屬性與課責因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 223 表5-2-19 基本屬性與課責因素之單因子變異數分析......... 225 表5-2-20 課責因素之假設驗證......................... 226 表5-2-21 績效因素問題平均數分析表................... 228 表5-2-22 績效因素問題次數分配表..................... 228 表5-2-23 基本屬性與績效因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 229 表5-2-24 基本屬性與績效因素之單因子變異數分析......... 231 表5-2-25 績效因素之假設驗證......................... 232 表5-3-1 治理結構面向與治理過程面向之相關分析表........ 239 表5-3-2 相關性假設驗證............................. 240 表6-1-1 自由公平的選舉之關鍵因素.................... 244 表6-2-1 研究建議整理............................... 261 圖次 圖1-3-1 研究流程.................................... 18 圖2-4-1 獨立機關權力架構模型......................... 53 圖2-4-2 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國立政治大學
公共行政研究所
93256502
101資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093256502 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 孫本初<br>黃臺生 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 王曉麟 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Wang, Hsiao Lin en_US dc.creator (作者) 王曉麟 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wang, Hsiao Lin en_US dc.date (日期) 2012 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-九月-2013 17:02:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-九月-2013 17:02:34 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-九月-2013 17:02:34 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0093256502 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59473 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 公共行政研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 93256502 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自美國於1887年創設州際商務委員會以來，歷經20世紀歐洲管制型國家的興起，此種以美國獨立管制委員會為發展原型的獨立機關，業已成為世界各國管制革新與政府再造之主要制度設計與制度選擇。我國以行政院組織改造為主軸的政府再造亦襲用之，成立國家通訊傳播委員會、公平交易委員會、中央選舉委員會等三個獨立機關，確立通訊傳播、公平交易、選舉行政為我國三大獨立管制行政領域。鑒於獨立機關研究之方興未艾與選舉行政研究付之闕如，爰以我國中央選舉委員會為例，探討獨立機關治理結構與過程，研析我國選舉行政機關治理結構與過程，並建構我國選舉行政（選舉治理）獨立性之評估架構。 本研究採用新制度論研究途徑，運用質量並用研究方法，爬梳整理獨立機關與選舉行政治理結構之類型、內涵與效果，探索各種類型之獨立機關與選舉行政機關治理結構共同之建構原則及治理過程共通之標準，歸納治理結構面向之五個影響因素為制度、組織、人事、財務、網絡；治理過程面向之五個因素為自主、公平、透明、課責、績效。同時研析我中央選舉委員會之治理結構與過程，藉以設計量化研究之調查問卷與質化研究之深度訪談題目各一項。分別以參加2011年及2012年行政院人事行政總處地方行政研習中心選務工作人員講習班之575位各級政府選務工作人員進行調查，有效問卷482份，有效問卷回收率為83.83%，相關資料以社會科學統計套裝軟體SPSS 19.0版進行統計分析。深度訪談則訪談選舉行政機關具有選舉行政決策權力之高層主管人員、政府相關機關高層人員、主要政黨高層人員等三類人員9人，相關資料以內容分析法進行分析。 經由文獻分析、比較分析、案例分析與兩項實證研究，分別從獨立機關治理、選舉行政治理、我國選舉行政治理、實證研究分析等四個方面提出研究發現。為解決實務問題並提升我國選舉行政獨立性，爰從治理結構與治理過程各個因素，提出二十項政策建議，以作為未來改革我國選舉行政相關制度與機制之參考，並提出四項未來研究建議，俾後續研究者於研究主題、研究策略與研究方法等方面有所參照。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Independent Agency which take United States Independent Regulatory Commission as developmental prototype already became the main institutional design and institutional choice of regulatory reform and reinventing government all over the world since United States set up Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887 and gone through the rise of regulatory state of European countries in 20th century. The reinventing government in Taiwan which take Executive Yuan organizational reform as principal axis take over it and established three independent agencies that are National Communication Commission, Fair Trade Commission and Central Election Commission, identify communication, fair trade and election administration are three independent administration governance domains in Taiwan. In view of the research of independent agencies are still growing and election administration is neglect, take Central Election Commission in Taiwan for example to discuss the governance structures and processes of independent agency, analysis the governance structures and processes and construct assessment framework of election administration (electoral governance ) in Taiwan. The dissertation adopt New Institutionalism approach and mixed research methods, sort out types, contents and effects of independent agency and election administration governance structure. Explore the common structure principles and governance processes criterions of various types of independent agencies and electoral management bodies. Summary five affect factors of governance structure dimension are institution, organization, personnel, finance and network, five affect factors of governance process dimension are independence, fairness, transparency, accountability and performance. At the same time, analysis the governance structures and processes of Central Election Commission in Taiwan in order to design a questionnaire of quantitative research and an in-depth interview question of qualitative research. The former survey 575 election affair staffs who participated in Election Affair Staff Workshops of Regional Civil Service Development Institute of Central Personnel Administration, Executive Yuan 2011 and 2012, valid questionnaires are 482, valid response rate is 83.83%, related data are analysis by Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) 19.0. The latter are interview three categories persons who are with decision making power in election administration commissions, senior officials in other government authorities concerned and members of main political parties, related data are analysis by content analysis. By way of documentary analysis, comparative analysis, case studies and two empirical studies, put forward four research discoveries from four aspects which are independent agency governances, election administration governances, election administration governances in Taiwan and empirical studies analysis. For the purpose of solving practical problems and enhancing independence of election administration, make twenty policy recommendations from various factors of governance structure and governance processes regard as the references of reforming electoral administration institutions and mechanisms in Taiwan in the future. Propose four future research suggestions for the sake of giving consultations in research topics, research strategies and research methods for further follow-up researchers. en_US dc.description.abstract (摘要) "第一章 緒論....................................... 1 第一節 研究背景與動機.............................. 1 第二節 研究目的與問題.............................. 8 第三節 研究途徑、方法與流程........................ 12 第四節 研究範圍與限制.............................. 19 第五節 研究概念界定............................... 21 第二章 文獻探討................................... 27 第一節 國家治理典範變遷............................ 27 第二節 獨立機關治理之意涵.......................... 35 第三節 獨立機關治理之理論基礎....................... 46 第四節 獨立機關治理之結構、過程與評估標準............ 51 第五節 選舉行政機關治理之結構、過程與評估標準........ 58 第三章 我國選舉行政機關治理結構與過程之研析.......... 83 第一節 我國選舉行政治理結構與過程之演進.............. 83 第二節 我國選舉委員會獨立機關定位之理由.............. 105 第三節 我國選舉行政機關治理之問題................... 110 第四章 研究設計................................... 123 第一節 研究架構與假設.............................. 123 第二節 問題設計與調查實施.......................... 128 第三節 資料處理................................... 149 第五章 結果分析................................... 157 第一節 治理結構因素之分析.......................... 157 第二節 治理過程因素之分析.......................... 199 第三節 治理結構與治理過程之相關分析................. 236 第六章 結論....................................... 241 第一節 研究發現................................... 241 第二節 研究建議................................... 251 參考文獻 ...........................................265 中文文獻 ........................................265 英文文獻 .........................................269 其他 ...........................................292 附錄 ...............................................293 附錄一 世界各國選舉行政機關網....................... 293 附錄二 世界各國或地區選舉行政機關一覽表.............. 299 附錄三 各主要國家選舉行政機關組織職權一覽表.......... 315 附錄四 我國各項公職人員選舉大事記................... 323 附錄五 調查問卷................................... 353 附錄六 調查問卷交叉分析表.......................... 359 附錄七 訪談同意書................................. 409 附錄八 深度訪談問題............................... 411 附錄九 深度訪談紀錄............................... 415 表次 表1-1-1 變革轉變趨勢............................... 2 表1-3-1 本研究各章研究方法.......................... 16 表1-5-1 我國獨立機關之比較.......................... 21 表1-5-2 選舉制度之觀點.............................. 25 表2-1-1 治理的轉型與管制國家的本質................... 27 表2-1-2 福利國家與管制型國家之差異................... 31 表2-1-3 管制型國家發生的全球化與政治趨力觀點解釋....... 33 表2-2-1 歐洲獨立管制機關典型的制度特徵............... 36 表2-3-1 管制的制度變遷.............................. 49 表2-3-2 新制度論說明制度變遷........................ 50 表2-4-1 管制過程的基本要素.......................... 55 表2-4-2 獨立機關衡量指標彙整表....................... 57 表2-5-1 選舉行政機關類型數目百分比統計............... 59 表2-5-2 三種類型選舉行政機關制度類型與特徵............ 61 表2-5-3 三種類型選舉行政機關之優缺點比較.............. 63 表2-5-4 多黨制、專家制與混合制選舉行政機關之優缺點..... 66 表2-5-5 美英法三國選舉機關比較....................... 68 表2-5-6 選舉治理之層次.............................. 72 表2-5-7 選舉評估步驟與績效指標....................... 76 表2-5-8 選舉績效稽核：標準與議題 .................... 79 表2-5-9 選舉行政指標彙整表.......................... 81 表3-1-1 選舉法制研修沿革............................ 88 表3-1-2 我國選舉行政機關演變........................ 94 表3-1-3 中央選舉委員會改制前後差異比較............... 94 表3-3-1 我國中央選舉委員會之獨立性驗證............... 113 表3-3-2 選政選務制度觀點之比較...................... 119 表4-2-1 調查問卷治理結構面向問題.................... 129 表4-2-2 調查問卷治理過程面向問題.................... 130 表4-2-3 個人基本資料............................... 131 表4-2-4 實證研究訪談題目與問卷題目對照表............. 137 表4-2-5 第13任總統副總統及第8屆立法委員選舉投票日選務 工作人員人數統計...................................... 142 表4-2-6 研究樣本基本屬性統計表...................... 144 表4-2-7 樣本代表性檢定............................. 145 表4-2-8 深度訪談受訪者個人資料表.................... 147 表4-2-9 深度訪談行程表.............................. 148 表4-3-1 治理結構面問題之因素命名與信度分析表.......... 151 表4-3-2 治理過程構面問題之因素命名與信度分析表........ 153 表5-1-1 制度因素問題平均數分析表.................... 157 表5-1-2 制度因素問題次數分配表...................... 158 表5-1-3 基本屬性與制度因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 159 表5-1-4 基本屬性與制度因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 160 表5-1-5 制度因素之假設驗證.......................... 161 表5-1-6 組織因素問題平均數分析表.................... 167 表5-1-7 組織因素問題次數分配表...................... 167 表5-1-8 基本屬性與組織因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 168 表5-1-9 基本屬性與組織因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 169 表5-1-10 組織因素之假設驗證......................... 170 表5-1-11 人事因素問題平均數分析表................... 174 表5-1-12 人事因素問題次數分配表..................... 174 表5-1-13 基本屬性與人事因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 175 表5-1-14 基本屬性與人事因素之單因子變異數分析......... 177 表5-1-15 人事因素之假設驗證......................... 178 表5-1-16 財務因素問題平均數分析表................... 182 表5-1-17 財務因素問題次數分配表..................... 182 表5-1-18 基本屬性與財務因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 183 表5-1-19 基本屬性與財務因素之單因子變異數分析......... 185 表5-1-20 財務因素之假設驗證......................... 186 表5-1-21 網絡因素問題平均數分析表................... 189 表5-1-22 網絡因素問題次數分配表..................... 189 表5-1-23 基本屬性與網絡因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析....... 190 表5-1-24 基本屬性與網絡因素之單因子變異數分析......... 192 表5-1-25 網絡因素之假設驗證......................... 193 表5-2-1 自主因素問題平均數分析表.................... 199 表5-2-2 自主因素問題次數分配表...................... 200 表5-2-3 基本屬性與自主因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 201 表5-2-4 基本屬性與自主因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 202 表5-2-5 自主因素之假設驗證.......................... 203 表5-2-6 公平因素問題平均數分析表.................... 208 表5-2-7 公平因素問題次數分配表...................... 209 表5-2-8 基本屬性與公平因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 210 表5-2-9 基本屬性與公平因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 211 表5-2-10 公平因素之假設驗證......................... 212 表5-2-11 透明因素問題平均數分析表................... 214 表5-2-12 透明因素問題次數分配表..................... 215 表5-2-13 基本屬性與透明因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 216 表5-2-14 基本屬性與透明因素之單因子變異數分析......... 217 表5-2-15 透明因素之假設驗證......................... 218 表5-2-16 課責因素問題平均數分析表................... 222 表5-2-17 課責因素問題次數分配表..................... 222 表5-2-18 基本屬性與課責因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 223 表5-2-19 基本屬性與課責因素之單因子變異數分析......... 225 表5-2-20 課責因素之假設驗證......................... 226 表5-2-21 績效因素問題平均數分析表................... 228 表5-2-22 績效因素問題次數分配表..................... 228 表5-2-23 基本屬性與績效因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 229 表5-2-24 基本屬性與績效因素之單因子變異數分析......... 231 表5-2-25 績效因素之假設驗證......................... 232 表5-3-1 治理結構面向與治理過程面向之相關分析表........ 239 表5-3-2 相關性假設驗證............................. 240 表6-1-1 自由公平的選舉之關鍵因素.................... 244 表6-2-1 研究建議整理............................... 261 圖次 圖1-3-1 研究流程.................................... 18 圖2-4-1 獨立機關權力架構模型......................... 53 圖2-4-2 管制之意義.................................. 55 圖2-5-1 選舉循環.................................... 71 圖2-5-2 南非選舉行政系統指數......................... 75 圖4-1-1 研究架構................................... 124 - dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論....................................... 1 第一節 研究背景與動機.............................. 1 第二節 研究目的與問題.............................. 8 第三節 研究途徑、方法與流程........................ 12 第四節 研究範圍與限制.............................. 19 第五節 研究概念界定............................... 21 第二章 文獻探討................................... 27 第一節 國家治理典範變遷............................ 27 第二節 獨立機關治理之意涵.......................... 35 第三節 獨立機關治理之理論基礎....................... 46 第四節 獨立機關治理之結構、過程與評估標準............ 51 第五節 選舉行政機關治理之結構、過程與評估標準........ 58 第三章 我國選舉行政機關治理結構與過程之研析.......... 83 第一節 我國選舉行政治理結構與過程之演進.............. 83 第二節 我國選舉委員會獨立機關定位之理由.............. 105 第三節 我國選舉行政機關治理之問題................... 110 第四章 研究設計................................... 123 第一節 研究架構與假設.............................. 123 第二節 問題設計與調查實施.......................... 128 第三節 資料處理................................... 149 第五章 結果分析................................... 157 第一節 治理結構因素之分析.......................... 157 第二節 治理過程因素之分析.......................... 199 第三節 治理結構與治理過程之相關分析................. 236 第六章 結論....................................... 241 第一節 研究發現................................... 241 第二節 研究建議................................... 251 參考文獻 ...........................................265 中文文獻 ........................................265 英文文獻 .........................................269 其他 ...........................................292 附錄 ...............................................293 附錄一 世界各國選舉行政機關網....................... 293 附錄二 世界各國或地區選舉行政機關一覽表.............. 299 附錄三 各主要國家選舉行政機關組織職權一覽表.......... 315 附錄四 我國各項公職人員選舉大事記................... 323 附錄五 調查問卷................................... 353 附錄六 調查問卷交叉分析表.......................... 359 附錄七 訪談同意書................................. 409 附錄八 深度訪談問題............................... 411 附錄九 深度訪談紀錄............................... 415 表次 表1-1-1 變革轉變趨勢............................... 2 表1-3-1 本研究各章研究方法.......................... 16 表1-5-1 我國獨立機關之比較.......................... 21 表1-5-2 選舉制度之觀點.............................. 25 表2-1-1 治理的轉型與管制國家的本質................... 27 表2-1-2 福利國家與管制型國家之差異................... 31 表2-1-3 管制型國家發生的全球化與政治趨力觀點解釋....... 33 表2-2-1 歐洲獨立管制機關典型的制度特徵............... 36 表2-3-1 管制的制度變遷.............................. 49 表2-3-2 新制度論說明制度變遷........................ 50 表2-4-1 管制過程的基本要素.......................... 55 表2-4-2 獨立機關衡量指標彙整表....................... 57 表2-5-1 選舉行政機關類型數目百分比統計............... 59 表2-5-2 三種類型選舉行政機關制度類型與特徵............ 61 表2-5-3 三種類型選舉行政機關之優缺點比較.............. 63 表2-5-4 多黨制、專家制與混合制選舉行政機關之優缺點..... 66 表2-5-5 美英法三國選舉機關比較....................... 68 表2-5-6 選舉治理之層次.............................. 72 表2-5-7 選舉評估步驟與績效指標....................... 76 表2-5-8 選舉績效稽核：標準與議題 .................... 79 表2-5-9 選舉行政指標彙整表.......................... 81 表3-1-1 選舉法制研修沿革............................ 88 表3-1-2 我國選舉行政機關演變........................ 94 表3-1-3 中央選舉委員會改制前後差異比較............... 94 表3-3-1 我國中央選舉委員會之獨立性驗證............... 113 表3-3-2 選政選務制度觀點之比較...................... 119 表4-2-1 調查問卷治理結構面向問題.................... 129 表4-2-2 調查問卷治理過程面向問題.................... 130 表4-2-3 個人基本資料............................... 131 表4-2-4 實證研究訪談題目與問卷題目對照表............. 137 表4-2-5 第13任總統副總統及第8屆立法委員選舉投票日選務 工作人員人數統計...................................... 142 表4-2-6 研究樣本基本屬性統計表...................... 144 表4-2-7 樣本代表性檢定............................. 145 表4-2-8 深度訪談受訪者個人資料表.................... 147 表4-2-9 深度訪談行程表.............................. 148 表4-3-1 治理結構面問題之因素命名與信度分析表.......... 151 表4-3-2 治理過程構面問題之因素命名與信度分析表........ 153 表5-1-1 制度因素問題平均數分析表.................... 157 表5-1-2 制度因素問題次數分配表...................... 158 表5-1-3 基本屬性與制度因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 159 表5-1-4 基本屬性與制度因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 160 表5-1-5 制度因素之假設驗證.......................... 161 表5-1-6 組織因素問題平均數分析表.................... 167 表5-1-7 組織因素問題次數分配表...................... 167 表5-1-8 基本屬性與組織因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 168 表5-1-9 基本屬性與組織因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 169 表5-1-10 組織因素之假設驗證......................... 170 表5-1-11 人事因素問題平均數分析表................... 174 表5-1-12 人事因素問題次數分配表..................... 174 表5-1-13 基本屬性與人事因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 175 表5-1-14 基本屬性與人事因素之單因子變異數分析......... 177 表5-1-15 人事因素之假設驗證......................... 178 表5-1-16 財務因素問題平均數分析表................... 182 表5-1-17 財務因素問題次數分配表..................... 182 表5-1-18 基本屬性與財務因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 183 表5-1-19 基本屬性與財務因素之單因子變異數分析......... 185 表5-1-20 財務因素之假設驗證......................... 186 表5-1-21 網絡因素問題平均數分析表................... 189 表5-1-22 網絡因素問題次數分配表..................... 189 表5-1-23 基本屬性與網絡因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析....... 190 表5-1-24 基本屬性與網絡因素之單因子變異數分析......... 192 表5-1-25 網絡因素之假設驗證......................... 193 表5-2-1 自主因素問題平均數分析表.................... 199 表5-2-2 自主因素問題次數分配表...................... 200 表5-2-3 基本屬性與自主因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 201 表5-2-4 基本屬性與自主因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 202 表5-2-5 自主因素之假設驗證.......................... 203 表5-2-6 公平因素問題平均數分析表.................... 208 表5-2-7 公平因素問題次數分配表...................... 209 表5-2-8 基本屬性與公平因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析......... 210 表5-2-9 基本屬性與公平因素之單因子變異數分析.......... 211 表5-2-10 公平因素之假設驗證......................... 212 表5-2-11 透明因素問題平均數分析表................... 214 表5-2-12 透明因素問題次數分配表..................... 215 表5-2-13 基本屬性與透明因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 216 表5-2-14 基本屬性與透明因素之單因子變異數分析......... 217 表5-2-15 透明因素之假設驗證......................... 218 表5-2-16 課責因素問題平均數分析表................... 222 表5-2-17 課責因素問題次數分配表..................... 222 表5-2-18 基本屬性與課責因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 223 表5-2-19 基本屬性與課責因素之單因子變異數分析......... 225 表5-2-20 課責因素之假設驗證......................... 226 表5-2-21 績效因素問題平均數分析表................... 228 表5-2-22 績效因素問題次數分配表..................... 228 表5-2-23 基本屬性與績效因素之獨立樣本t檢定分析........ 229 表5-2-24 基本屬性與績效因素之單因子變異數分析......... 231 表5-2-25 績效因素之假設驗證......................... 232 表5-3-1 治理結構面向與治理過程面向之相關分析表........ 239 表5-3-2 相關性假設驗證............................. 240 表6-1-1 自由公平的選舉之關鍵因素.................... 244 表6-2-1 研究建議整理............................... 261 圖次 圖1-3-1 研究流程.................................... 18 圖2-4-1 獨立機關權力架構模型......................... 53 圖2-4-2 管制之意義.................................. 55 圖2-5-1 選舉循環.................................... 71 圖2-5-2 南非選舉行政系統指數......................... 75 圖4-1-1 研究架構................................... 124 zh_TW dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093256502 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 獨立機關 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 治理結構 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 治理過程 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 選舉行政 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 選舉治理 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中央選舉委員會 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Independent Agency en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Governance Structure en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Governance Process en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Election Administration en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Electoral Governance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Central Election Commission en_US dc.title (題名) 獨立機關治理結構與過程之研究：以我國選舉行政為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Study of the Governance Structures and Processes of Independent Agency：The Case of Election Administration in Taiwan en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、中文 文崇一 1988 調查訪問法，收錄於楊國樞、文崇一、吳聰賢、李亦園編，社會及行為科學研究法（下冊），頁550-586，臺北：東華書局。 王文科 1990 質的教育研究方法，臺北：師大書苑。 王保進 1996 統計套裝程式SPSS與行為科學研究，臺北：松崗電腦圖書資料股份有限公司。 王曉麟 2007 論我國立法委員選舉制度之變革：制度與制度變遷之觀點，選舉評論，第3期，頁37-58。 王曉麟 2011 比較選舉機關研究，收錄於張世賢編，各國選舉制度，頁37-58，臺北：五南圖書出版公司。 丘昌泰 2000 公共管理－理論與實務手冊，臺北：元照出版公司。 朱浤源 1999 撰寫博碩士論文實戰手冊，臺北：正中書局。 江岷欽、劉坤億 1999 企業型政府，臺北：智勝文化事業有限公司。 余雪明 2006 司法院釋字第613 號解釋余雪明大法官之協同意見書，臺北：司法院。 吳庚 1992 行政法之理論與實用（增定四版），臺北：三民書局。 吳秦雯 2009 從法國法論獨立機關於行政爭訟之地位，行政院98年度法制研討會實 錄，頁149-206，臺北：行政院法規委員會。 吳定 2005 公共政策辭典，臺北：五南圖書出版公司。 吳瓊恩 1998 行政學，臺北：三民書局。 呂亞力 1989 政治學方法論，臺北：三民書局。 李英明 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