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題名 官方消息來源之模糊傳播研究-以馬英九總統受CNN訪談內容為例
Equivocal communication of the official news sources:A discourse analysis of CNN’s interview with President Ma Ying-jeou作者 劉伶伶
Liu Ling-ling貢獻者 臧國仁
劉伶伶
Liu Ling-ling關鍵詞 模糊溝通
面子威脅
雙避衝突
框架
equivocal communication
face-threatening theory
avoidance-avoidance conflict
frame analysis日期 2011 上傳時間 5-九月-2013 14:39:09 (UTC+8) 摘要 長期以來,有關新聞訪問中的模糊語言實際運用並無具體化分析成果,本研究藉由現任總統馬英九接受國際媒體CNN專訪之研究,以論述分析法逐一分析問句及答句,具體歸納出了模糊語言之運用方式。本研究在文獻回顧章節透過面子威脅、雙避衝突及組織框架等理論來探討官方消息來源如何使用模糊語言,再以論述分析法逐一探討提問者問句與受訪者答句間之對應情形,並納入語境因素,試圖尋找出官方消息來源常見之模糊語言形式。本研究結果顯示,國內官方消息來源在衝突性提問中確實經常引用模糊語言作為回應媒體提問之方式,不論國內或是國外消息來源均偏愛採取「製造政策重點」之模糊語言方式回應,國內官方消息來源尤其青睞採取「製造政策重點」中之「提出新的論點」、「自我肯定」及「未來作法及期待」等項目,主要是基因於模糊語言類型的運用具有「看似言之有物」、「轉移焦點」、「離開情境」、「不冷場」及「較不容易出錯」等優點,至於負面效應則是引發媒體的「追問」,但由於問答劇本之設定及訪問時間等有利因素,消息來源之模糊語言並無礙於專訪之進行。
This study focuses on the concept of equivocal communication, especially on the effect of equivocal language and source credibility, ininterviews between the press and its official sources. An unedited version of CNN interview with President Ma Ying-jeou on April 30, 2011, was used in this study in order to find out how equivocal language, if any, was involved.After going through the literature of face-threatening theory, avoidance- avoidance conflict and frame analysis, this research centers on two levels: first, how the officials choose/manipulate the wording of answers in interviews; and second, what the syntax differences are between questions and answers. The results of the study show that official sources, when facing harsh questions, usually turn to equivocal language and intend to induce avoidance towards certain questions. The technique that an official frequently adopted is “making political points,” i.e., to divert attention by “presenting policies,” “talking up one’s own side,” and “making pie in the sky.”The negative effects of equivocal language, therefore, are mainly resulted from the fact that it might trigger more aggressive follow-up questions from the press. Nevertheless, officials still maintain an upper hand over the pres in the wake of Q&A time restraints and the constant stress to beat deadline.參考文獻 中文參考書目王德春主編(1987)。《修辭學辭典》。杭州:浙江教育出版社。何兆熊(1992)。<〈語用、意義和語境>〉。西槙光正(編)。《語境研究論文集》。北京:北京語言學院出版社。頁301。李金銓(1981)。《大眾傳播理論》。台北:三民。林金池(2009)。〈「合作/非合作」語用原則:論記者與消息來源之語言互動策略〉。國立政治大學傳播學院在職專班碩士論文。翁秀琪(1994)。〈我國婦女運動的媒介真實和「社會真實」〉,《新聞學研究》,48:193-236。翁秀琪(1996)。〈消息來源策略研究--探討忠實、聯合兩報對婦運團體推動「民法親屬編」修法的報導〉。《新聞學研究》,52:121-148。翁秀琪(1997)。《新聞與社會真實建構-大眾媒體、官方消息來源與社會運動的三角關係》。台北:三民。翁維薇(2000)。〈新聞訪問之追問研究--以模糊及迴避回答為例〉。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。陳芸芸、劉慧雯譯(2008)Denis McQuail (2000)。《特新大眾傳播理論Mass communication theory: An introduction (4th Ed.)》。臺北:韋伯文化國際出版有限公司。喻靖媛(1994)。<記者與消息來源互動關係與新聞處理方式關聯性研究>。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。臧國仁(1999)。《新聞媒體與消息來:媒介框架與真實建構之論述》。台北:三民。劉蕙苓(1989)。報紙消息來源人物之背景與被處理方式之分析。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。鄭瑞城(1991)。〈從消息來源途徑詮釋媒體近用權〉。《新聞學研究》,45:39-56。羅文輝(1995)。〈新聞記者選擇消息來源的偏向〉。《新聞學研究》,50:1-13。蘇惠君(2003)。〈施惠語言在新聞訪談中的運用-再論其記者與消息來源之互動〉。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。 英文參考書目Adoni, H., and S. Mane (1984). 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Paper presented at the AEJMC convention, Chicago. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院碩士在職專班
97941011
100資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097941011 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 臧國仁 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 劉伶伶 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Liu Ling-ling en_US dc.creator (作者) 劉伶伶 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Liu Ling-ling en_US dc.date (日期) 2011 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-九月-2013 14:39:09 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-九月-2013 14:39:09 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-九月-2013 14:39:09 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0097941011 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/60379 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 傳播學院碩士在職專班 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 97941011 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 100 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 長期以來,有關新聞訪問中的模糊語言實際運用並無具體化分析成果,本研究藉由現任總統馬英九接受國際媒體CNN專訪之研究,以論述分析法逐一分析問句及答句,具體歸納出了模糊語言之運用方式。本研究在文獻回顧章節透過面子威脅、雙避衝突及組織框架等理論來探討官方消息來源如何使用模糊語言,再以論述分析法逐一探討提問者問句與受訪者答句間之對應情形,並納入語境因素,試圖尋找出官方消息來源常見之模糊語言形式。本研究結果顯示,國內官方消息來源在衝突性提問中確實經常引用模糊語言作為回應媒體提問之方式,不論國內或是國外消息來源均偏愛採取「製造政策重點」之模糊語言方式回應,國內官方消息來源尤其青睞採取「製造政策重點」中之「提出新的論點」、「自我肯定」及「未來作法及期待」等項目,主要是基因於模糊語言類型的運用具有「看似言之有物」、「轉移焦點」、「離開情境」、「不冷場」及「較不容易出錯」等優點,至於負面效應則是引發媒體的「追問」,但由於問答劇本之設定及訪問時間等有利因素,消息來源之模糊語言並無礙於專訪之進行。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study focuses on the concept of equivocal communication, especially on the effect of equivocal language and source credibility, ininterviews between the press and its official sources. An unedited version of CNN interview with President Ma Ying-jeou on April 30, 2011, was used in this study in order to find out how equivocal language, if any, was involved.After going through the literature of face-threatening theory, avoidance- avoidance conflict and frame analysis, this research centers on two levels: first, how the officials choose/manipulate the wording of answers in interviews; and second, what the syntax differences are between questions and answers. The results of the study show that official sources, when facing harsh questions, usually turn to equivocal language and intend to induce avoidance towards certain questions. The technique that an official frequently adopted is “making political points,” i.e., to divert attention by “presenting policies,” “talking up one’s own side,” and “making pie in the sky.”The negative effects of equivocal language, therefore, are mainly resulted from the fact that it might trigger more aggressive follow-up questions from the press. Nevertheless, officials still maintain an upper hand over the pres in the wake of Q&A time restraints and the constant stress to beat deadline. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 源起:官方消息來源模糊語言之探析 ………………………………… 1第一節 源起 …………………………………………………………………… 1第二節 研究動機 ……………………………………………………………… 5第三節 研究目的與相關研究簡述 …………………………………………… 7第四節 研究問題 ………………………………………………………………11第五節 研究價值及重要性…………………………………………………… 13第二章 文獻探討-官方消息來源之模糊語言………………………………… 15第一節 新聞與真實 …………………………………………………………… 15第二節 模糊傳播 ……………………………………………………………… 23第三節 消息來源之模糊傳播……………………………………………………32 第三章 研究方法 ………………………………………………………………… 38第一節 論述分析法………………………………………………………………38第二節 研究架構及重要概念定義………………………………………………42 第三節 研究過程 ……………………………………………………………… 49第四節 研究流程及前測…………………………………………………………51第四章 研究資料分析與說明…………………………………………………… 67第一節 問答分析…………………………………………………………………67第二節 語境及成因分析……………………………………………………… 105 第三節 綜合分析 ………………………………………………………………121第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………… 125第一節 研究摘述……………………………………………………………… 125第二節 研究發現綜述………………………………………………………… 127 第三節 研究意涵 ………………………………………………………………136第四節 研究限制及未來研究之建議 …………………………………………140參考文獻 中文參考書目…………………………………………………………………… 146英文參考書目…………………………………………………………………… 148附錄附錄一:媒體對吳院長回應之相關報導……………………………………… 156附錄二:本研究樣本全文 ………………………………………………………157 zh_TW dc.format.extent 844316 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097941011 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 模糊溝通 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 面子威脅 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 雙避衝突 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 框架 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) equivocal communication en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) face-threatening theory en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) avoidance-avoidance conflict en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) frame analysis en_US dc.title (題名) 官方消息來源之模糊傳播研究-以馬英九總統受CNN訪談內容為例 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Equivocal communication of the official news sources:A discourse analysis of CNN’s interview with President Ma Ying-jeou en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文參考書目王德春主編(1987)。《修辭學辭典》。杭州:浙江教育出版社。何兆熊(1992)。<〈語用、意義和語境>〉。西槙光正(編)。《語境研究論文集》。北京:北京語言學院出版社。頁301。李金銓(1981)。《大眾傳播理論》。台北:三民。林金池(2009)。〈「合作/非合作」語用原則:論記者與消息來源之語言互動策略〉。國立政治大學傳播學院在職專班碩士論文。翁秀琪(1994)。〈我國婦女運動的媒介真實和「社會真實」〉,《新聞學研究》,48:193-236。翁秀琪(1996)。〈消息來源策略研究--探討忠實、聯合兩報對婦運團體推動「民法親屬編」修法的報導〉。《新聞學研究》,52:121-148。翁秀琪(1997)。《新聞與社會真實建構-大眾媒體、官方消息來源與社會運動的三角關係》。台北:三民。翁維薇(2000)。〈新聞訪問之追問研究--以模糊及迴避回答為例〉。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。陳芸芸、劉慧雯譯(2008)Denis McQuail (2000)。《特新大眾傳播理論Mass communication theory: An introduction (4th Ed.)》。臺北:韋伯文化國際出版有限公司。喻靖媛(1994)。<記者與消息來源互動關係與新聞處理方式關聯性研究>。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。臧國仁(1999)。《新聞媒體與消息來:媒介框架與真實建構之論述》。台北:三民。劉蕙苓(1989)。報紙消息來源人物之背景與被處理方式之分析。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。鄭瑞城(1991)。〈從消息來源途徑詮釋媒體近用權〉。《新聞學研究》,45:39-56。羅文輝(1995)。〈新聞記者選擇消息來源的偏向〉。《新聞學研究》,50:1-13。蘇惠君(2003)。〈施惠語言在新聞訪談中的運用-再論其記者與消息來源之互動〉。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。 英文參考書目Adoni, H., and S. 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