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題名 臺北公共自行車使用行為特性分析與友善環境建構之研究
User Behavior Analysis and Bike-Friendly environment Built of the Public Bike System in Taipei作者 白詩滎
Pai, Shih Ying貢獻者 白仁德
Pai, Jen Te Brian
白詩滎
Pai, Shih Ying關鍵詞 臺北公共自行車
微笑單車
使用行為
個體選擇模式
公共自行車友善環境
Taipei Public Bike System
YouBike
user behavior
Individual Choice Model
public bike-friendly environment.日期 2012 上傳時間 4-三月-2014 09:18:03 (UTC+8) 摘要 公共自行車是一種可供個體自由在不同場站借還車的自行車租賃系統,配合大眾運輸站點設置,已成為一種新興的綠色運輸方式。臺北於2009年引進公共自行車系統(或稱微笑單車),經過兩年的經營低潮後,在2012年8月透過擴大租賃範圍、簡化租賃程序及降低費率等措施改善經營模式,大幅提升其使用率。做為一新興且發展潛力較高的交通工具,公共自行車相關的研究相較之下是較缺乏的。為了使公共自行車可永續經營,有效提升公共自行車使用效率是必要的。 本研究首先透過國內外文獻回顧,歸納系統、環境、城市條件及使用者行為偏好為影響公共自行車使用行為的四大面向因素。接著透過問卷調查與個體選擇模式瞭解臺北公共自行車使用行為,結果發現民眾對公共自行車系統認知較好,對臺北自行車友善環境的認知較差,租借站地點是影響民眾使用意願的重要因素;個體選擇模式則使用二元羅吉特模型探討影響公共自行車不同使用目的之因素,結果發現影響民眾以公共自行車做為通勤使用及休閒使用的因素不同。通勤使用意願較受生活型態影響,其中白天通勤使用者較重視效率與方便性,傍晚通勤者較重視環境效益。總結來說,發展公共自行車友善環境應同時從「系統友善經營」、「環境友善規劃」及「社會友善引導發展」三個層面共同出發。
Public Bike System (PBS) is a category of green transport system in which individuals can lend and return bicycles freely at any station located in the city. The PBS stations usually set up surrounding public transportation stations. Taipei Public Bike System (YouBike) was first introduced in 2009 and it was suffered some operating difficulties due to the business model. However, the utilization has significantly enhanced after August 2012 by expanding the service area, simplifying lending procedures, reducing lease rates and some other measures. As an innovative and flexible system, PBS plays an important role in an urban public transportation system. Whereas, public bike -related researches are still limited. To operate and manage the PBS sustainably, it is necessary to increase its efficiency effectively.This study examines that system cognitions, environment cognitions, personal preferences and urban condition are four aspects which influence user behavior characteristics. The study also analyzes the user behavior based on the survey of 557 respondents in Taipei, Taiwan. The results show that 1.people has better public awareness on PBS; 2.people has worse cognition on Taipei bike-friendly environment in contrast; 3.the location of docking stations is the most influencing factor that affect people’s intention to use the YouBike. The regression of binary choice model reveals that the variables of YouBike users’ intention for commuting or for recreation are quite different. The commuters are more likely to be affected by the lifestyle which daytime commuters convenience more emphasis on efficiency and evening commuters more emphasis on environmental benefits. In conclusion, to develop the public bike-friendly environment should focus on friendly system, friendly environment and friendly society three aspects.參考文獻 中文參考文獻1.王淑芬,2011,「高捷拚運量 接辦公共自行車」,中央社,8月17日。2.王慶瑞,1978,個體運輸需求模式之理論與應用,運輸計畫季刊7(1):53-80。3.古博文,2006,邁向「自行車島」:從「遊憩型」到「運輸型」的自行車,國民體育季刊 35(1)=148:83-87。4.白伊彤,2010,自行車騎乘環境友善性評估之研究,淡江大學運輸管理學系運輸科學碩士班碩士論文。5.交通部運輸研究所,1999,腳踏車專用道之規劃研究,交通部運輸研究所。6.艾而歐與商務英語教育中心,2008,法國巴黎自行車租賃成為風氣,ANL時尚歐洲學習電子報。7.行政院發展考核委員會,2011,我國自行車政策之研究,行政院研究發展考核委員會委託中華民國運輸學會研究報告。8.行政院體育委員會,2002,臺灣地區自行車道系統規劃與設置,行政院體育委員會。9.行政院體育委員會,2003,自行車道設施設計準則彙編,中華民國景觀學會。10.行政院體育委員會,2004,自行車道設施設計準則彙編,行政院體育委員會。11.吳明隆,2009,SPSS操作與實務應用—多變輛分析實務,台北:五南圖書。12.余書玫,2009,公共自行車租借系統選擇行為之研究,交通大學交通運輸研究所碩士論文。13.周昭平,2010,「高市公共單車 業者「不玩了」營運不滿2年 使用率低 月虧20萬」,蘋果日報,12月14日。14.林卓漢,2001,捷運到站運具選擇模式之研究,台灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。15.林惠琴,2013,「UBike春節前再增5站 玉山悠遊卡友免費騎」,卡優新聞網,1月23日。16.俞洪亮,蔡義清,莊懿妃,2012,商管研究資料分析:SPSS的應用(修訂二版),台北:華泰文化。17.高雄市環保局,2012b,高雄市公共腳踏車計畫說帖,高雄市政府環境保護局空污與噪音防制科。18.莊琇閔,2011,「Ubike使用率下滑,前景堪憂」,聯合報,10月10日。19.莊文忠譯,2006,SPSS在社會科學的應用。Robert L.Miller, Ciaran Acton, Deirdre A.Fullerton, John Malyby著,台北:五南圖書。20.張勝雄,2010,發展都市自行車運輸的另類思維與策略,運輸計劃季刊39(4):359-380。21.陳冠璋,2006,休閒型自行車道騎乘空間對於騎乘者體驗之研究-以后豐自行車道為例,朝陽科技大學建築及都市設計研究系碩士班碩士論文。22.陳菁萍、郭倩瑜,2010,高雄地區接駁型公共自行車租賃系統探討,生活科技教育月刊40(6):51-62。23.陳慧裕,2010,探討自行車道結合捷運系統對通勤族運輸意願之研究,樹德科技大學經營管理研究所碩士論文24.陳騰輝,2009,自行車友善的街巷空間之研究,淡江大學建築學系碩士班論文25.馮正民,林禎家,邱裕鈞,2002。運輸與區域規劃之研究方法,都市與計劃29(2):217-264。26.黃豐鑑,2009,自行車管理之研究,財團法人國家政策研究基金會國政研究報告。 27.解鴻年,張馨文,2011,新竹科學城民眾使用公共自行車意願分析,建築與規劃學報12(3):237-263。28.詹詩姿、蘇瑛敏,2008,淺談市區型自行車道之規劃原則-以臺北市為例,第五屆臺灣建築論壇-建築創意文化。29.臺北市交通局,2010,自行車路網及公共自行車系統專案報告,臺北市交通局:臺北市議會專案報告書30.臺北市交通管制工程處,2012,臺北市市區自行車道路網發展計畫,臺北市交通局。31.臺北市政府交通局,2004,臺北市腳踏車政策132,台北︰臺北市政府交通局。32.蔡偉祺,2012,「公共單車出租 7月底前新設30站」,自由時報,4月3日。33.駱尚廉,2011,綠色交通運輸,科學月刊496:252-254。 34.賴虹燕譯,2004,問卷設計市場調查與統計分析實務入門。酒井隆著,台北:博誌文化。35.鐘易良,2009,自行車通勤之關鍵影響因素研析—以臺北都會區為例,國立交通大學管理學院碩士在職專班運輸物流組碩士論文。外文參考文獻36.Ben-Akiva, and M., Richards, M., 1976, “Disaggregate Multimodal Model for Work Trips in the Netherlands”, Transport Research Record, 569.37.Benson, T., 2009, Public Use Bike Share Feasibility Study: Volume Two: Demand Analysis.38.Bike-Share Studio, 2010, Seattle Bicycle Share Feasibility Study, Department of Urban Design & Planning College of Built Environment, University of Washington.39.City of Seattle, 2009, Commute Trip Reduction Basics.40.CityRyde, 2009, CityRyde Bike-sharing Informational Webinar, Philadelphia.41.Curran, A . 2008. TransLink Public Bike System Feasibility Study, Vancouver: Quay Communications Inc.42.DeMaio, P., 2009, “Bike-sharing: History, Impacts, Models of Provision, and Future”, Journal of Public Transportation, 12(4):41-56.43.DeMaio, P. and Gifford, J., 2004, “Will Smart Bikes Succeed as Public Transportation in the United States?” Journal of Public Transportation, 7(2):1-15.44.Dill H., and Carr T., 2003, “Bicycle Commuting and Facilities in Major U.S. Cities: If You Build Them, Commuters Will Use Them”, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1828:116-123.45.District of Columbia Department of Transportation, 2009, SmartBike DC Survey Results.46.Jacobsen, P. L., 2003, “Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling”, Injury Prevention, 9:205-209.47.JZTI and Bonnette Consulting, 2010, Philadelphia Bikeshare Concept Study.48.Kelvin J. L., 1966, “A New Approach to Consumer Theory”, Journal of Political Economy, 74:132-157.49.Land Transport Safety Authority NZ, 2004, Cycle Network And Route Planning Guide, New Zealand.50.Luce, R. D., 1959, Individual Choice Behavior: A Theoretical Analysis, New York: Wiley.51.McFadden, D., 1968, The Revealed Preferences of a Public Bureaucracy, Dept. of Economics, Univ. of California, Berkeley52.Midgley, P., 2011, Bicycle-sharing schemes: enhancing sustainable mobility in urban areas, Commission on Sustainable Development Nineteenth Session, New York.53.Muraleetharan, T., Meguro, K., Hagiwara, T., Kagaya, S. and Adachi, T., 2005, “Influence of winter road conditions and signal delay on pedestrian route choice in Japan’s snowiest metropolis”, Transportation Research Record, 1939:145-153.54.New York City Department of City Planning, 2009, Bike-Share Opportunities in New York City, New York.55.Pucher, J. and Dijkstra, L., 2003, “Promoting Safe Walking and Cycling to Improve Public Health”, American Journal of Public Health, 93(9):1509-1517.56.Roads and Traffic Authority NSW, 2005, NSW Bicycle Guidelines, New South Wales, July 2005.57.Saneinejad, S., Roorda, M. J., and Kennedy, C., 2012, “Modelling the impact of weather conditions on active transportation travel behavior”, Transportation Research Part D, 17(2012):129-137.58.Schlossberg, M., Phillips, P., Johnson, B., and Parker, B., 2005, “How Do They Get There? A Spatial Analysis of a Sprawl School in Oregon”, Planning, Practice & Research, 20(23): 147-162.59.Shaheen, S. and Guzman, S., 2011, “Worldwide Bikesharing”, ACCESS, 39:22-27.60.Shaheen, S., Guzman, S., and Zhang, H., 2010, “Bikesharing in Europe, the Americas, and Asia- Past, Present, and Future”, Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2143:159-167.61.Transport Canada, 2009, Bike-Sharing Guide.62.U.S. Census Bureau, 2008, Social and Economic Characteristics of Students.63.University of Washington, 2009, Climate Action Plan. 64.Vidalis, S., Najafi, F., Chernick, D., Jackson, J., Parker, J. and Ryland, S., 2010, “Modern Analysis of Bike Sharing Feasibility”, International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 4(11):1~16.65.Warner, S., 1962, Stochastic Choice Of Mode In Urban Travel: A Study In Binary Choice, Northwestern University Press: Evanston.網路參考文獻66.行政院環境保護署,2010,溫室氣體排放統計(2012/10/22下載)。67.http://www.epa.gov.tw/ch/artshow.aspx?busin=12379&art=2009011715443552&path=1243768.臺北市政府交通局,2012b,自行車道資訊查詢(2012/10/22下載)。69.http://www.dot.taipei.gov.tw/ct.asp?xitem=912812&CtNode=35038&mp=11700170.臺北市公共自行車服務網,2012,關於U-Bike大事記(2012/09/16下載)。71.http://www.youbike.com.tw/about02.php 72.臺北市公共自行車服務網,2012b,[新聞]YouBike繳出好成績,營運服務再升級(2012/11/25下載) 。73.http://www.youbike.com.tw/detail.php?id=55 74.臺北市交通統計查詢系統,2013,市區公共自行車租賃情形統計數據(2013/05/10下載)75.http://dotstat.taipei.gov.tw/pxweb2007P/Dialog/searchpx2.asp76.臺北市政府交通局,2012,市民熱烈響應臺北市YouBike營運滿月,突破13萬使用車次(2012/09/22下載)。77.http://www.dot.taipei.gov.tw/ct.asp?xitem=34525973&CtNode=12309&mp=11700178.高雄市環保局,2012a,高雄市公共腳踏車資訊網(2012/9/19下載)。79.http://c-bike.com.tw/about.aspx80.Bike-sharing blog, 2012. (Accessed Oct. 12, 2012)81.http://bike-sharing.blogspot.tw/2011/09/new-york-city-announces-bike-sharing.html82.DeMaio, P., 2012, Bike-sharing Creates Job. (Accessed Aug. 24, 2012)83.http://bike-sharing.blogspot.tw/84.The Bike-sharing World Map. (Accessed Oct. 18, 2012)85.https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&om=1&msa=0&msid=104227318304000014160.00043d80f9456b3416ced&ll=43.580391,-42.890625&spn=143.80149,154.6875&z=1&source=embed 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政研究所
100257001
101資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1002570011 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 白仁德 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Pai, Jen Te Brian en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 白詩滎 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Pai, Shih Ying en_US dc.creator (作者) 白詩滎 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Pai, Shih Ying en_US dc.date (日期) 2012 en_US dc.date.accessioned 4-三月-2014 09:18:03 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 4-三月-2014 09:18:03 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-三月-2014 09:18:03 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G1002570011 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/64389 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 地政研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 100257001 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 公共自行車是一種可供個體自由在不同場站借還車的自行車租賃系統,配合大眾運輸站點設置,已成為一種新興的綠色運輸方式。臺北於2009年引進公共自行車系統(或稱微笑單車),經過兩年的經營低潮後,在2012年8月透過擴大租賃範圍、簡化租賃程序及降低費率等措施改善經營模式,大幅提升其使用率。做為一新興且發展潛力較高的交通工具,公共自行車相關的研究相較之下是較缺乏的。為了使公共自行車可永續經營,有效提升公共自行車使用效率是必要的。 本研究首先透過國內外文獻回顧,歸納系統、環境、城市條件及使用者行為偏好為影響公共自行車使用行為的四大面向因素。接著透過問卷調查與個體選擇模式瞭解臺北公共自行車使用行為,結果發現民眾對公共自行車系統認知較好,對臺北自行車友善環境的認知較差,租借站地點是影響民眾使用意願的重要因素;個體選擇模式則使用二元羅吉特模型探討影響公共自行車不同使用目的之因素,結果發現影響民眾以公共自行車做為通勤使用及休閒使用的因素不同。通勤使用意願較受生活型態影響,其中白天通勤使用者較重視效率與方便性,傍晚通勤者較重視環境效益。總結來說,發展公共自行車友善環境應同時從「系統友善經營」、「環境友善規劃」及「社會友善引導發展」三個層面共同出發。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Public Bike System (PBS) is a category of green transport system in which individuals can lend and return bicycles freely at any station located in the city. The PBS stations usually set up surrounding public transportation stations. Taipei Public Bike System (YouBike) was first introduced in 2009 and it was suffered some operating difficulties due to the business model. However, the utilization has significantly enhanced after August 2012 by expanding the service area, simplifying lending procedures, reducing lease rates and some other measures. As an innovative and flexible system, PBS plays an important role in an urban public transportation system. Whereas, public bike -related researches are still limited. To operate and manage the PBS sustainably, it is necessary to increase its efficiency effectively.This study examines that system cognitions, environment cognitions, personal preferences and urban condition are four aspects which influence user behavior characteristics. The study also analyzes the user behavior based on the survey of 557 respondents in Taipei, Taiwan. The results show that 1.people has better public awareness on PBS; 2.people has worse cognition on Taipei bike-friendly environment in contrast; 3.the location of docking stations is the most influencing factor that affect people’s intention to use the YouBike. The regression of binary choice model reveals that the variables of YouBike users’ intention for commuting or for recreation are quite different. The commuters are more likely to be affected by the lifestyle which daytime commuters convenience more emphasis on efficiency and evening commuters more emphasis on environmental benefits. In conclusion, to develop the public bike-friendly environment should focus on friendly system, friendly environment and friendly society three aspects. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論.....................................................................................1-1第一節 研究動機與目的.................................................................1-1第二節 研究範疇.............................................................................1-4第三節 研究方法.............................................................................1-5第四節 研究內容與流程.................................................................1-7第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎.........................................................2-1第一節 自行車共享系統與公共自行車.........................................2-1第二節 影響公共自行車使用行為因素探討.................................2-35第三節 個體選擇模式與消費者行為理論.....................................2-64第三章 問卷設計與抽樣設計.........................................................3-1第一節 問卷設計.............................................................................3-1第二節 抽樣設計.............................................................................3-5第四章 臺北公共自行車使用行為分析..........................................4-1第一節 樣本背景統計資料說明......................................................4-1第二節 微笑單車認知及個人偏好分析..........................................4-15第三節 使用行為影響因素探討......................................................4-26第五章 需求模型實證與友善環境策略研擬..................................5-1第一節 因子分析-主成份分析.........................................................5-1第二節 公共自行車使用行為特性--二元羅吉特模型...................5-9第三節 臺北公共自行車友善環境策略研擬..................................5-23第六章 結論與建議..........................................................................6-1第一節 結論......................................................................................6-1第二節 建議......................................................................................6-4參考文獻............................................................................................7-1附錄一 問卷......................................................................................8-1附錄二 相關實證模型比較表..........................................................9-1 zh_TW dc.format.extent 8429435 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1002570011 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 臺北公共自行車 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 微笑單車 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 使用行為 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 個體選擇模式 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公共自行車友善環境 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taipei Public Bike System en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) YouBike en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) user behavior en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Individual Choice Model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) public bike-friendly environment. en_US dc.title (題名) 臺北公共自行車使用行為特性分析與友善環境建構之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) User Behavior Analysis and Bike-Friendly environment Built of the Public Bike System in Taipei en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文參考文獻1.王淑芬,2011,「高捷拚運量 接辦公共自行車」,中央社,8月17日。2.王慶瑞,1978,個體運輸需求模式之理論與應用,運輸計畫季刊7(1):53-80。3.古博文,2006,邁向「自行車島」:從「遊憩型」到「運輸型」的自行車,國民體育季刊 35(1)=148:83-87。4.白伊彤,2010,自行車騎乘環境友善性評估之研究,淡江大學運輸管理學系運輸科學碩士班碩士論文。5.交通部運輸研究所,1999,腳踏車專用道之規劃研究,交通部運輸研究所。6.艾而歐與商務英語教育中心,2008,法國巴黎自行車租賃成為風氣,ANL時尚歐洲學習電子報。7.行政院發展考核委員會,2011,我國自行車政策之研究,行政院研究發展考核委員會委託中華民國運輸學會研究報告。8.行政院體育委員會,2002,臺灣地區自行車道系統規劃與設置,行政院體育委員會。9.行政院體育委員會,2003,自行車道設施設計準則彙編,中華民國景觀學會。10.行政院體育委員會,2004,自行車道設施設計準則彙編,行政院體育委員會。11.吳明隆,2009,SPSS操作與實務應用—多變輛分析實務,台北:五南圖書。12.余書玫,2009,公共自行車租借系統選擇行為之研究,交通大學交通運輸研究所碩士論文。13.周昭平,2010,「高市公共單車 業者「不玩了」營運不滿2年 使用率低 月虧20萬」,蘋果日報,12月14日。14.林卓漢,2001,捷運到站運具選擇模式之研究,台灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。15.林惠琴,2013,「UBike春節前再增5站 玉山悠遊卡友免費騎」,卡優新聞網,1月23日。16.俞洪亮,蔡義清,莊懿妃,2012,商管研究資料分析:SPSS的應用(修訂二版),台北:華泰文化。17.高雄市環保局,2012b,高雄市公共腳踏車計畫說帖,高雄市政府環境保護局空污與噪音防制科。18.莊琇閔,2011,「Ubike使用率下滑,前景堪憂」,聯合報,10月10日。19.莊文忠譯,2006,SPSS在社會科學的應用。Robert L.Miller, Ciaran Acton, Deirdre A.Fullerton, John Malyby著,台北:五南圖書。20.張勝雄,2010,發展都市自行車運輸的另類思維與策略,運輸計劃季刊39(4):359-380。21.陳冠璋,2006,休閒型自行車道騎乘空間對於騎乘者體驗之研究-以后豐自行車道為例,朝陽科技大學建築及都市設計研究系碩士班碩士論文。22.陳菁萍、郭倩瑜,2010,高雄地區接駁型公共自行車租賃系統探討,生活科技教育月刊40(6):51-62。23.陳慧裕,2010,探討自行車道結合捷運系統對通勤族運輸意願之研究,樹德科技大學經營管理研究所碩士論文24.陳騰輝,2009,自行車友善的街巷空間之研究,淡江大學建築學系碩士班論文25.馮正民,林禎家,邱裕鈞,2002。運輸與區域規劃之研究方法,都市與計劃29(2):217-264。26.黃豐鑑,2009,自行車管理之研究,財團法人國家政策研究基金會國政研究報告。 27.解鴻年,張馨文,2011,新竹科學城民眾使用公共自行車意願分析,建築與規劃學報12(3):237-263。28.詹詩姿、蘇瑛敏,2008,淺談市區型自行車道之規劃原則-以臺北市為例,第五屆臺灣建築論壇-建築創意文化。29.臺北市交通局,2010,自行車路網及公共自行車系統專案報告,臺北市交通局:臺北市議會專案報告書30.臺北市交通管制工程處,2012,臺北市市區自行車道路網發展計畫,臺北市交通局。31.臺北市政府交通局,2004,臺北市腳踏車政策132,台北︰臺北市政府交通局。32.蔡偉祺,2012,「公共單車出租 7月底前新設30站」,自由時報,4月3日。33.駱尚廉,2011,綠色交通運輸,科學月刊496:252-254。 34.賴虹燕譯,2004,問卷設計市場調查與統計分析實務入門。酒井隆著,台北:博誌文化。35.鐘易良,2009,自行車通勤之關鍵影響因素研析—以臺北都會區為例,國立交通大學管理學院碩士在職專班運輸物流組碩士論文。外文參考文獻36.Ben-Akiva, and M., Richards, M., 1976, “Disaggregate Multimodal Model for Work Trips in the Netherlands”, Transport Research Record, 569.37.Benson, T., 2009, Public Use Bike Share Feasibility Study: Volume Two: Demand Analysis.38.Bike-Share Studio, 2010, Seattle Bicycle Share Feasibility Study, Department of Urban Design & Planning College of Built Environment, University of Washington.39.City of Seattle, 2009, Commute Trip Reduction Basics.40.CityRyde, 2009, CityRyde Bike-sharing Informational Webinar, Philadelphia.41.Curran, A . 2008. 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