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題名 南韓自由派政府的北韓政策:從金大中到盧武鉉-新自由主義理論之分析(1998年-2008年)
Kim, Dae-Jung and Roh, Moo-Hyun Government`s Policy toward North Korea- From the Perspective of Neoliberalism作者 洪詩涵 貢獻者 李明
洪詩涵關鍵詞 金大中
盧武鉉
北韓政策
新自由主義日期 2013 上傳時間 1-四月-2014 11:22:53 (UTC+8) 摘要 回顧南韓歷史,自 1948 年建國以來,南韓一直都是保守派執政。在面對國\n家分裂的處境時,保守派政府之施政方向是將北韓視為首要敵人,目的在於併吞\n北韓並且統一朝鮮半島。進入 1970 年代後,隨著美蘇和解、中國與美國關係邁\n向正常化等時代巨變,南韓政府意識到美國支持必然不復以往,必須隨之調整對\n北韓以及對共產國家的對立態度。朴正熙政府透過紅十字會終於開啟與北韓間對\n話協商,盧泰愚推動北方政策,致力與共產國家改善關係,拓展經貿往來。南北\n韓也透過紅十字會會談、總理會談開始交流。雖然兩韓互動逐漸活絡,南韓政府\n仍以併吞北韓、統一韓國為其政策思想。 \n\n 1998 年金大中當選總統,他不僅是有史以來第一位自由派的總統就任,也\n代表南韓之北韓政策出現大幅度改變。1990 年德國統一,許多問題與代價逐漸\n浮現。如收入、文化與生活型態的落差。這也使得南韓對於兩韓統一秉持較為實\n際的態度,至少在經濟方面應該先採取漸進式的整合。金大中提出「陽光政策」\n的交往政策路線,對北韓政策上帶來激烈的改變,因為它打破了半世紀以來的南\n韓對北韓的對峙狀態。陽光政策的目標是追求和平共存、緩和兩韓的緊張局勢。\n而繼任的盧武鉉政府則延續金大中的陽光政策,提出「和平與繁榮政策」,在前\n任政府的基礎上深化兩韓交往。兩任政府為期十年的北韓和解政策,扭轉了「對\n抗北韓」的政策方向,其目的皆是希望透過和平、和解與合作來改善南北韓關係,\n具有濃厚的自由主義色彩。 \n \n 本論文從新自由主義理論中的「國際制度」與「互賴」的觀點分析金大中與\n盧武鉉政府為期十年的北韓政策。金大中與盧武鉉政府著眼於兩韓共同利益,透\n過兩韓關係制度化以促進溝通與合作、降低軍事緊張;藉由經貿互賴關係之深化\n以增進互信。兩人在任內積極拓展人道、政治、軍事領域的對話;推動金剛山觀\n光、開城工業園區以及京義線鐵路等各項經濟合作計畫;更在 2000 年以及 2007\n推動兩次南北高峰會,促成兩韓領導人的直接會面。自由派政府的北韓政策將兩\n韓關係從保守推向開放、從對立邁向和解。多領域的對話機制增進南北韓的相互\n理解與互信;經濟合作計畫促進兩韓人員交流、加深兩韓經貿互賴關係,在降低\n朝鮮半島緊張情勢、減少兩韓衝突,以及促進兩韓關係的和解與合作方面,皆有\n有正面的影響。 參考文獻 一、中文部分 \n(一)專書 \n李明,南北韓政經發展與東北亞安全。台北:五南出版公司,1998年。 \n孫冀,韓國的朝鮮政策。北京:中國社會科學出版社,2011年。 \n高佩珊,美中強權博弈:互賴理論之分析。新竹:國立交通大學,2012年。 \n張少文,韓國外交與對外關係。台北市:臺灣商務印書館,2009年。 \n簡江作,韓國歷史。台北:五南出版公司,1998年。 \n \n(二)中文期刊 \n朱松柏,「南北韓的軍備競賽與區域安全」,問題與研究,第35卷第4期,1996\n年4月,頁17-27。 \n朱松柏,「朝鮮半島四邊會談的構想與實際」,問題與研究,第36卷第8期,1997\n年8月),頁19-28。 \n朱松柏,「南韓金大中執政之路及挑戰」,問題與研究,第37卷第4期,1998年,\n頁37-46。 \n朱松柏,「南北韓新政府的統一政策及其進展」,問題與研究,第38卷第11期,\n1999年11月,頁19-30。 \n朱松柏,「南北韓高峰會的意義與前景」,問題與研究,第39卷第10期,2000\n年10月,頁45-57。 \n朱松柏,「兩岸交流與兩韓關係之比較」,問題與研究,第40卷第6期,2001年,\n頁1-12。 \n朱松柏,「兩韓和解與東北亞新秩序」,問題與研究,第40卷第1期,2001年,\n頁1-13。 \n朱松柏,「現階段南北韓統一政策之比較」,問題與研究,第41卷第5期,2002\n年,頁1-11。 \n112 \n \n朴炳光,「北韓核武問題之未來展望」,全球政治評論,第38期,2012年,頁21-24。 \n吳家興,「南北韓經貿合作的發展現況及展望」,經濟研究,第2期,2002年3\n月,頁287-306。 \n宋學文,「議題聯結與兩岸關係之研究」,問題與研究,第37卷第2期,1998年,\n頁21-90。 \n李大中,「歐巴馬政府之東北亞政策分析」,全球政治評論,第31期,2010年,\n頁19-26。 \n李庚嬉,「朴槿惠能否主導北韓核武問題?」,海峽評論,第268期,2013年,\n頁18-21。 \n李明,「兩韓第二次高峰會後的東北亞局勢」,展望與探索,第5卷第11期,2007\n年11月,頁11-15。 \n李明,「歐巴馬政府的朝鮮半島政策(2009-2012年)」,遠景基金會季刊,第\n14卷第2期,2013年,頁1-52。 \n林文謙,「調解者與北韓核武危機」,東亞研究,第42卷第1期,2011年,頁85-126。 \n林文謙和傅恆德,「失敗國家、國際衝突與信心建立措施:朝鮮半島危機之研究」,\n遠景基金會季刊,第13卷第2期,2012年,頁1-45。 \n金克宜,「韓國在北方政策下的經濟活動」,經濟前瞻,第19期,1990年,頁95-98。 \n河凡植,「兩韓國會交流的發展與限制(1985-2013)」,國際關係學報,第36期,\n2013年7月,頁61-104。 \n徐淑敏,「互賴理論中「敏感性與脆弱性」概念應用於兩岸互動關係的操作化分\n析」,遠景基金會季刊,第5卷第4期,2004年10月,頁189-217。 \n張福昌,「歐盟在朝鮮半島的安全角色:從KEDO 的功能論之」,國際關係學\n報,第30期,2010年7月,頁15-54。 \n陳麒安,「新自由主義與後冷戰時期北約的存續:安全治理的觀點」,全球政治\n評論,第43期,2013年7月,頁111-134。 \n紀舜傑,「韓國民主化與國家認同-美國、核武、與統一」,臺灣國際研究季刊,\n第6期第4卷,2010年,頁93-110。 \n游智偉和洪銘德,「中國東北亞安全政策的本質與目的:以六方會談爲例」,東\n亞研究,第41期第1卷,2010年,頁77-117。 \n楊仕樂,「中國威脅?經濟互賴與中國大陸的武力使用」,東亞研究,第35卷第 \n113 \n \n2期, 2004年7月,頁107-142。 \n楊永明,「國際限武裁軍機制與規範的發展:國際關係理論與國際法規範之檢驗」,\n問題與研究,第43卷第3期,1994年,頁77-96。 \n葉泉宏,「韓國金剛山旅遊的歷史淵源與現狀 」,亞洲研究,第40期,2001年9\n月,頁257-273。 \n廖小娟,「中共與北韓的雙邊關係:以兩次核武危機的處理檢視」,展望與探索,\n第3卷第5期,2005年5月,頁34-47。 \n廖文義,「北韓核問題與「六方會談」:回顧、分析與展望」,通識研究期刊,\n第14期,2008年12月,頁31-56。 \n劉德海,「變遷中的南韓中國政策」,台灣國際研究季刊,第5卷第2期,2009\n年,頁1-35。 \n劉德海,「近期東北亞安全局勢中的南韓角色」,全球政治評論,第31期,2010\n年,頁1-6。 \n鄭端耀,「國際關係「新自由制度主義」理論之評析」,問題與研究,第36卷第\n12期,1997年12月,頁1-23。 \n盧業中,「論國際關係理論之新自由制度主義」,問題與研究,第41卷第2期,\n2002年3月,頁43-67。 \n鍾京佑,「全球治理與國際建制:行為主體與行為模式 」,國際關係學報,第\n21期,2006 年 1 月,頁113-139。 \n \n(三)專書篇章 \n宋學文,「新自由制度主義之過去、現在與未來」,收於包宗和主編,國際關係\n理論(台北:五南圖書公司,2011年),頁139-174。 \n陳欣之,「新自由制度主義、社會建構主義及英國學派」,收於張亞中主編,國\n際關係總論(台北:揚智文化,2009年),頁73-116。 \n \n(四)研討會論文 \n石忠山,「當代韓國政黨政治之發展與挑戰」,發表於「瞭解當代韓國民主政治」\n學術研討會(台灣國際研究學會主辦,2010年9月17日)。 \n朱立熙,「戰後南韓的民主轉型──以光州事件為分水嶺」,發表於「瞭解當代 \n114 \n \n韓國民主政治」學術研討會(台灣國際研究學會主辦,2010年9月17日)。 \n李明,「信心建立措施在朝鮮半島:實踐與成效」,發表於信心建立措施(CBMs)\n與國防研討會(台北:臺灣綜合研究院戰略與國際研究所主辦,1999年6\n月)。 \n \n (五)網站資料 \n「南北韓統計資料」,南韓統一部,\n<http://www.unikorea.go.kr/index.do?menuCd=DOM_000000105006003000\n> (2013年10月20日)。 \n「南北就國軍戰俘和被北綁架者問題未能縮小分歧」,朝鮮日報中文網,\n<http://chn.chosun.com/big5/site/data/html_dir/2007/04/13/20070413000017.\nhtml> (2007年4月13日)。 \n「聯合國大會決議 A/RES/112(II),朝鮮獨立問題」,聯合國網站,\n<http://www.un.org/zh/focus/korea/112.shtml> \n「跨越38度線 兩韓鐵路貨運下月開通」,自由時報,\n<http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2007/new/nov/17/today-int3.htm> (2007年\n12月17日)。 \n「北韓軍方宣佈7項措施回應南韓對朝制裁」,人民網,\n<http://big5.china.com.cn/international/txt/2010-05/27/content_20129954.htm\n> (2010年5月27日)。 \n「朝威脅關閉開城工業區將自食其果」,朝鮮日報,\n<http://cn.chosun.com/big5/site/data/html_dir/2013/02/08/20130208000015.ht\nml> (2013年2月8日)。 \n「朝鮮有意重啟金剛山旅遊區」,\nhttp://news.sina.com.tw/article/20130819/10441387.html> (2013年8月19\n日)。 \n李明,「南北韓爆發黃海軍事衝突與影響」,海峽評論,\n<http://www.haixiainfo.com.tw/241-8051.html> (2010年12月19日)。 \n馬仲可,「兩韓高峰會專輯:平壤「通美封韓」政策轉向」,中時電子報,\n<http://forums.chinatimes.com.tw/report/korea/diplomacy/89041404.htm> \n(2000年4月14日)。 \n閻紀宇,「都羅山車站 兩韓希望之地」,中國時報, \n115 \n \n<http://forums.chinatimes.com/report/bush/02022102.htm> (2002年2月21\n日)。 \n \n二、英文部分 \n(一)專書 \nBedeski, Robert E. 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북남인민무력부장급회담이 \n끝났다」,조선통신,<http://www.kcna.co.jp/index-k.htm> \n(2007年11月30日)。 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
99253013
102資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0992530131 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 李明 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 洪詩涵 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 洪詩涵 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2013 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-四月-2014 11:22:53 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-四月-2014 11:22:53 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-四月-2014 11:22:53 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0992530131 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=73337 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 外交研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 99253013 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 回顧南韓歷史,自 1948 年建國以來,南韓一直都是保守派執政。在面對國\n家分裂的處境時,保守派政府之施政方向是將北韓視為首要敵人,目的在於併吞\n北韓並且統一朝鮮半島。進入 1970 年代後,隨著美蘇和解、中國與美國關係邁\n向正常化等時代巨變,南韓政府意識到美國支持必然不復以往,必須隨之調整對\n北韓以及對共產國家的對立態度。朴正熙政府透過紅十字會終於開啟與北韓間對\n話協商,盧泰愚推動北方政策,致力與共產國家改善關係,拓展經貿往來。南北\n韓也透過紅十字會會談、總理會談開始交流。雖然兩韓互動逐漸活絡,南韓政府\n仍以併吞北韓、統一韓國為其政策思想。 \n\n 1998 年金大中當選總統,他不僅是有史以來第一位自由派的總統就任,也\n代表南韓之北韓政策出現大幅度改變。1990 年德國統一,許多問題與代價逐漸\n浮現。如收入、文化與生活型態的落差。這也使得南韓對於兩韓統一秉持較為實\n際的態度,至少在經濟方面應該先採取漸進式的整合。金大中提出「陽光政策」\n的交往政策路線,對北韓政策上帶來激烈的改變,因為它打破了半世紀以來的南\n韓對北韓的對峙狀態。陽光政策的目標是追求和平共存、緩和兩韓的緊張局勢。\n而繼任的盧武鉉政府則延續金大中的陽光政策,提出「和平與繁榮政策」,在前\n任政府的基礎上深化兩韓交往。兩任政府為期十年的北韓和解政策,扭轉了「對\n抗北韓」的政策方向,其目的皆是希望透過和平、和解與合作來改善南北韓關係,\n具有濃厚的自由主義色彩。 \n \n 本論文從新自由主義理論中的「國際制度」與「互賴」的觀點分析金大中與\n盧武鉉政府為期十年的北韓政策。金大中與盧武鉉政府著眼於兩韓共同利益,透\n過兩韓關係制度化以促進溝通與合作、降低軍事緊張;藉由經貿互賴關係之深化\n以增進互信。兩人在任內積極拓展人道、政治、軍事領域的對話;推動金剛山觀\n光、開城工業園區以及京義線鐵路等各項經濟合作計畫;更在 2000 年以及 2007\n推動兩次南北高峰會,促成兩韓領導人的直接會面。自由派政府的北韓政策將兩\n韓關係從保守推向開放、從對立邁向和解。多領域的對話機制增進南北韓的相互\n理解與互信;經濟合作計畫促進兩韓人員交流、加深兩韓經貿互賴關係,在降低\n朝鮮半島緊張情勢、減少兩韓衝突,以及促進兩韓關係的和解與合作方面,皆有\n有正面的影響。 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論......................................1 \n第一節 研究動機與目的...............................1 \n第二節 文獻回顧.....................................5 \n第三節 研究方法與途徑..............................10 \n第四節 研究範圍與限制..............................14 \n第五節 研究架構與章節安排..........................16 \n\n第二章 新自由主義理論分析.......................... 18 \n第一節 國際制度與合作..............................19 \n第二節 經濟互賴與和平..............................28 \n第三節 小結........................................33 \n\n第三章 南韓之北韓政策回顧...........................36 \n第一節 堅決反共時期(1945-1970).....................36 \n第二節 和平競爭時期(1971-1998).....................43 \n第三節 兩韓和解時期(1998-2008).....................50 \n第四節 小結........................................60 \n\n第四章 從新自由主義評析南韓自由派政府的北韓政策...62 \n第一節 兩韓對話機制之建立..........................63 \n第二節 兩韓互賴關係之發展..........................79 \n第三節 理論驗證....................................92 \n第四節 小結........................................98 \n\n第五章 結論..........................................100 \n第一節 研究發現...................................100 \n第二節 研究限制...................................105 \n第二節 未來兩韓關係之展望.........................106 \n\n附錄:南北韓大事年表(1998-2007 年) ..................... 110 \n參考書目................................................111 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2404037 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0992530131 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 金大中 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 盧武鉉 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 北韓政策 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 新自由主義 zh_TW dc.title (題名) 南韓自由派政府的北韓政策:從金大中到盧武鉉-新自由主義理論之分析(1998年-2008年) zh_TW dc.title (題名) Kim, Dae-Jung and Roh, Moo-Hyun Government`s Policy toward North Korea- From the Perspective of Neoliberalism en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分 \n(一)專書 \n李明,南北韓政經發展與東北亞安全。台北:五南出版公司,1998年。 \n孫冀,韓國的朝鮮政策。北京:中國社會科學出版社,2011年。 \n高佩珊,美中強權博弈:互賴理論之分析。新竹:國立交通大學,2012年。 \n張少文,韓國外交與對外關係。台北市:臺灣商務印書館,2009年。 \n簡江作,韓國歷史。台北:五南出版公司,1998年。 \n \n(二)中文期刊 \n朱松柏,「南北韓的軍備競賽與區域安全」,問題與研究,第35卷第4期,1996\n年4月,頁17-27。 \n朱松柏,「朝鮮半島四邊會談的構想與實際」,問題與研究,第36卷第8期,1997\n年8月),頁19-28。 \n朱松柏,「南韓金大中執政之路及挑戰」,問題與研究,第37卷第4期,1998年,\n頁37-46。 \n朱松柏,「南北韓新政府的統一政策及其進展」,問題與研究,第38卷第11期,\n1999年11月,頁19-30。 \n朱松柏,「南北韓高峰會的意義與前景」,問題與研究,第39卷第10期,2000\n年10月,頁45-57。 \n朱松柏,「兩岸交流與兩韓關係之比較」,問題與研究,第40卷第6期,2001年,\n頁1-12。 \n朱松柏,「兩韓和解與東北亞新秩序」,問題與研究,第40卷第1期,2001年,\n頁1-13。 \n朱松柏,「現階段南北韓統一政策之比較」,問題與研究,第41卷第5期,2002\n年,頁1-11。 \n112 \n \n朴炳光,「北韓核武問題之未來展望」,全球政治評論,第38期,2012年,頁21-24。 \n吳家興,「南北韓經貿合作的發展現況及展望」,經濟研究,第2期,2002年3\n月,頁287-306。 \n宋學文,「議題聯結與兩岸關係之研究」,問題與研究,第37卷第2期,1998年,\n頁21-90。 \n李大中,「歐巴馬政府之東北亞政策分析」,全球政治評論,第31期,2010年,\n頁19-26。 \n李庚嬉,「朴槿惠能否主導北韓核武問題?」,海峽評論,第268期,2013年,\n頁18-21。 \n李明,「兩韓第二次高峰會後的東北亞局勢」,展望與探索,第5卷第11期,2007\n年11月,頁11-15。 \n李明,「歐巴馬政府的朝鮮半島政策(2009-2012年)」,遠景基金會季刊,第\n14卷第2期,2013年,頁1-52。 \n林文謙,「調解者與北韓核武危機」,東亞研究,第42卷第1期,2011年,頁85-126。 \n林文謙和傅恆德,「失敗國家、國際衝突與信心建立措施:朝鮮半島危機之研究」,\n遠景基金會季刊,第13卷第2期,2012年,頁1-45。 \n金克宜,「韓國在北方政策下的經濟活動」,經濟前瞻,第19期,1990年,頁95-98。 \n河凡植,「兩韓國會交流的發展與限制(1985-2013)」,國際關係學報,第36期,\n2013年7月,頁61-104。 \n徐淑敏,「互賴理論中「敏感性與脆弱性」概念應用於兩岸互動關係的操作化分\n析」,遠景基金會季刊,第5卷第4期,2004年10月,頁189-217。 \n張福昌,「歐盟在朝鮮半島的安全角色:從KEDO 的功能論之」,國際關係學\n報,第30期,2010年7月,頁15-54。 \n陳麒安,「新自由主義與後冷戰時期北約的存續:安全治理的觀點」,全球政治\n評論,第43期,2013年7月,頁111-134。 \n紀舜傑,「韓國民主化與國家認同-美國、核武、與統一」,臺灣國際研究季刊,\n第6期第4卷,2010年,頁93-110。 \n游智偉和洪銘德,「中國東北亞安全政策的本質與目的:以六方會談爲例」,東\n亞研究,第41期第1卷,2010年,頁77-117。 \n楊仕樂,「中國威脅?經濟互賴與中國大陸的武力使用」,東亞研究,第35卷第 \n113 \n \n2期, 2004年7月,頁107-142。 \n楊永明,「國際限武裁軍機制與規範的發展:國際關係理論與國際法規範之檢驗」,\n問題與研究,第43卷第3期,1994年,頁77-96。 \n葉泉宏,「韓國金剛山旅遊的歷史淵源與現狀 」,亞洲研究,第40期,2001年9\n月,頁257-273。 \n廖小娟,「中共與北韓的雙邊關係:以兩次核武危機的處理檢視」,展望與探索,\n第3卷第5期,2005年5月,頁34-47。 \n廖文義,「北韓核問題與「六方會談」:回顧、分析與展望」,通識研究期刊,\n第14期,2008年12月,頁31-56。 \n劉德海,「變遷中的南韓中國政策」,台灣國際研究季刊,第5卷第2期,2009\n年,頁1-35。 \n劉德海,「近期東北亞安全局勢中的南韓角色」,全球政治評論,第31期,2010\n年,頁1-6。 \n鄭端耀,「國際關係「新自由制度主義」理論之評析」,問題與研究,第36卷第\n12期,1997年12月,頁1-23。 \n盧業中,「論國際關係理論之新自由制度主義」,問題與研究,第41卷第2期,\n2002年3月,頁43-67。 \n鍾京佑,「全球治理與國際建制:行為主體與行為模式 」,國際關係學報,第\n21期,2006 年 1 月,頁113-139。 \n \n(三)專書篇章 \n宋學文,「新自由制度主義之過去、現在與未來」,收於包宗和主編,國際關係\n理論(台北:五南圖書公司,2011年),頁139-174。 \n陳欣之,「新自由制度主義、社會建構主義及英國學派」,收於張亞中主編,國\n際關係總論(台北:揚智文化,2009年),頁73-116。 \n \n(四)研討會論文 \n石忠山,「當代韓國政黨政治之發展與挑戰」,發表於「瞭解當代韓國民主政治」\n學術研討會(台灣國際研究學會主辦,2010年9月17日)。 \n朱立熙,「戰後南韓的民主轉型──以光州事件為分水嶺」,發表於「瞭解當代 \n114 \n \n韓國民主政治」學術研討會(台灣國際研究學會主辦,2010年9月17日)。 \n李明,「信心建立措施在朝鮮半島:實踐與成效」,發表於信心建立措施(CBMs)\n與國防研討會(台北:臺灣綜合研究院戰略與國際研究所主辦,1999年6\n月)。 \n \n (五)網站資料 \n「南北韓統計資料」,南韓統一部,\n<http://www.unikorea.go.kr/index.do?menuCd=DOM_000000105006003000\n> (2013年10月20日)。 \n「南北就國軍戰俘和被北綁架者問題未能縮小分歧」,朝鮮日報中文網,\n<http://chn.chosun.com/big5/site/data/html_dir/2007/04/13/20070413000017.\nhtml> (2007年4月13日)。 \n「聯合國大會決議 A/RES/112(II),朝鮮獨立問題」,聯合國網站,\n<http://www.un.org/zh/focus/korea/112.shtml> \n「跨越38度線 兩韓鐵路貨運下月開通」,自由時報,\n<http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2007/new/nov/17/today-int3.htm> (2007年\n12月17日)。 \n「北韓軍方宣佈7項措施回應南韓對朝制裁」,人民網,\n<http://big5.china.com.cn/international/txt/2010-05/27/content_20129954.htm\n> (2010年5月27日)。 \n「朝威脅關閉開城工業區將自食其果」,朝鮮日報,\n<http://cn.chosun.com/big5/site/data/html_dir/2013/02/08/20130208000015.ht\nml> (2013年2月8日)。 \n「朝鮮有意重啟金剛山旅遊區」,\nhttp://news.sina.com.tw/article/20130819/10441387.html> (2013年8月19\n日)。 \n李明,「南北韓爆發黃海軍事衝突與影響」,海峽評論,\n<http://www.haixiainfo.com.tw/241-8051.html> (2010年12月19日)。 \n馬仲可,「兩韓高峰會專輯:平壤「通美封韓」政策轉向」,中時電子報,\n<http://forums.chinatimes.com.tw/report/korea/diplomacy/89041404.htm> \n(2000年4月14日)。 \n閻紀宇,「都羅山車站 兩韓希望之地」,中國時報, \n115 \n \n<http://forums.chinatimes.com/report/bush/02022102.htm> (2002年2月21\n日)。 \n \n二、英文部分 \n(一)專書 \nBedeski, Robert E. 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