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題名 社區營造共用資源自主治理之研究-以臺北市木柵二期重劃區為例-
Research on placemaking and self-governance in common-pool resources using the example of the Muzha second redevelopment zone in Taipei作者 吳軍湛
Wu, Chun Chan貢獻者 邊泰明
Ben, Tai Ming
吳軍湛
Wu, Chun Chan關鍵詞 社區發展
社區營造
共用資源
自主治理理論
社會生態系統
Community Development
Placemaking
Common-pool resources
Self-governance Theory
Social-Ecological Systems日期 2015 上傳時間 13-七月-2015 11:15:38 (UTC+8) 摘要 台灣自1994年起由文建會推動社區營造,有別於中央主導的方式,,試圖以「在地行動」、「由下而上」的核心概念,讓社區發展以在地居民需求為導向,自發性地營造出各具特色的社區。但社造是涉及許多共用資源管理的複雜議題,早期臺灣地區居民缺乏社造經驗,參與公共事務的意願不高,加上未有一套完整的模式進行輔導,導致二十年來實際成功之案例並不多見。近年來隨著公眾議題發燒,臺灣民眾自主意識提升、開始重視公共事務,正是積極發展社造之際。但環顧國內社區對於共用資源的管理,能在期盼有一套良好的制度或模式得以依循。 本研究案例木柵二期重劃區,其自主組織「木柵二期重劃區促進發展協進會」透過社會生態系統(Social-Ecological System;以下簡稱SES)的應用,有效將自主治理理論(Self-governance Theory)運用於社造,用以解決共用資源的問題,甚至曾受邀請至世界衛生組織(WHO),分享成功經驗。但本研究發現,將自主治理理論應用於社造之研究竟付之闕如,更沒有一套可供社造工作者參考的模型。故本研究試圖以木柵二期重劃區為案例,建立一套社造自主治理之量化模型。 本研究整理自主治理領域的相關文獻後發現,自主治理的研究雖以質化研究為主,但隨著SES的演進與簡化,是有建立量化模型之可能性。故本研究先對本案例「木柵二期重劃區」進行深度訪談及問卷調查,匯整其成功自主治理之社造沿革、社造過程、社造結果的要素,並將其與SES各種核心子系統進行對應,發現有其適用性。據此,再參考2014年的架構,提出資源體系、資源單體、治理體系、參與者四個構面皆顯著影響作用情境之假設,建立本案例之社造社會生態系統模型,於2014年11月對區內20歲以上居民發放問卷。 因素分析的結果顯示,模型整體的建構效度良好;但核心子系統需修正為三個(因本案例之資源體系與資源單體的重疊性較高,故歸納為資源體系稱之)。其次,迴歸分析驗證之結果亦顯示本案例所提出之資源體系、參與者顯著影響作用情境,此兩個假設獲得支持;另外由於當初將治理體系的設定為地方政府,將自主治理組織木柵二期重劃區促進發展協進會歸納為參與者,導致結果顯示治理體系不會顯著影響作用情境。 故本研究的結果顯示,透過SES模型將自主治理理論導入社造是一條可行的方式,然社造的議題涉及層面與考量因素甚廣,且於世界各地亦有許多官方、民間的組織仍不斷的實作以及推廣。唯本研究僅以自主治理理論是否可導入社造為角度切入,與當前主流理論不盡相同,須就其優缺點、以及對現象的解釋力進行比較,然受限於本研究之時間、人力、成本,仍待後續研究者的協助。 研究者本身為協進會理事長,經由近十年之實務操作經驗,並透過本研究之驗證,深知社造之特徵實與自主治理理論概念相近、本研究所建立之社造SES模型,亦有良好的建構效度。故期望能將此實證建構之模型推廣到更多地區,建立社造成功的模式、營造更多桃花源般的社區,使人安住休息,並希望人類從此幸福、和諧、安康。
Ever since 1994, the Council for Cultural Affairs (CCA) in Taiwan has pro-moted a placemaking movement totally different from the programs previously offered. With the core concepts of “local activities” and “bottom-up” in mind, the movement aims to help develop the communities around the island that could meet the demands of the local residents and automatically display their unique-ness. In the early days, however, the residents in Taiwan did not seem to get very actively involved in public affairs and have access to a good model to follow. Successful cases were rare in the past two decades. In the recent years, public issues have been under heated discussion and autonomous consciousness, raised among the general public. The time has come to develop the placemaking. Considering the management of common-pool resources involved with placemaking and the people’s total lack of the experience, a good system or model is needed to follow. However, the problems faced with the management of common-pool resources, home or abroad, have not been solved, either through the free market or the government centralization, until 1990 when Ostrom proposed his self-governance theory. But no research has been found on the application of self-governance theory to placemaking so far. Taking this into account, this research is intended to apply self-governance theory to the placemaking in “the second phase of re-planning the Mu-zha District” as an example. Through depth interviews and questionnaire survey, this study tries to know how residents themselves have worked on their placemaking, what are the key factors for their success, and, further, have a good grip of how their self-governance organization—The Community Development Association of the Second Phase of Re-planning the Mu-zha District —has applied self-governance theory to the placemaking so successfully. To illustrate, first, through depth interviews with experts, scholars, and local opinion leaders, this researcher collected the data on the evolution of placemaking in the second phase of re-planning the Mu-zha District, its process and outcomes, finding that “community resources in place” and “leaders with strong leadership” are the key factors for residents’ high satisfaction. Then, in the qualitative study, this researcher compared each of the counterparts both in self-governance system and social-ecological system (SES), finding that the self-governance theory has its applicability. Next, to establish a SES framework suited for this study, this researcher adapted the SES set by McGinnis and Ostrom in 2014 and proposed the resource system, the resource unit, the governance system and participants for factor anal-ysis. In November, 2014, questionnaires were handed out to the district residents aged 20 and over. Through factor analysis, it is found that the construct validity of the so-cial-ecological system for this study is good. Since there is a considerable overlap between the resources system in this study and the resources unit, we called them the resources system. The regression analysis also concludes that the resources system and participants proposed in this study are gaining support. Because the hypothesis of governance system in this research is local government, the inhab-itant trusts the Development Association; therefore the governance system cannot obviously affect the focal action situation. With one decade’s practical experience in the placemaking and through the verification of this study, this researcher, also the chairman of Community De-velopment Association realizes that the features of placemaking are quite close to the concept of self-governance theory. And the construct validity of the estab-lished SES in this study also proves to be good.It is therefore highly expected that the model of placemaking proposed in this study could be promoted to more re-gions around the whole world in the hope of building more wonderful communi-ties, where people could live peacefully and happily.參考文獻 一、中文參考文獻王興倫,2005,「多中心治理:一種新的公共管理理論」,『江蘇行政學院學報』,19:96-100。李永展,1995,「社區環境權與社區發展」,『社區發展季刊』,69:53-61。李美華、孔祥明、李明寰、林嘉娟、王婷玉、李承宇譯,Earl Babbie著,2004,『社會科學研究法』,臺北:時英。李晏瑩,2010,「社區共用資源與自主治理之研究-以臺北縣貢寮鄉卯澳社區為例」,佛光大學公共事務學系碩士論文:宜蘭。李謁政,2006,「臺灣遭遇現代性的後果與社區總體營造的創造性修補」,『環境與藝術期刊』,4:1-15。李聯康,2009,「都市中的保育行動:以富陽公園與巴克禮公園的社區參與為例」,國立政治大學政治系碩士論文:臺北。吳月招,2003,「公私部門協力參與社區總體營造之研究-以九二一重建區為例」,東海大學公共事務碩士學程在職進修專班:臺中。吳明儒,2011,「從英國社區發展的脈絡反思台灣的社區進程」,『國政研究報告』,臺北:財團法人國家政策研究基金會。吳軍湛,2012,『創造現代桃花源』,臺北:城邦。吳敏賢,2011,「公私協力參與社區總體營造治理之研究-以花蓮縣富源社區為例」,國立東華大學公共行政研究所碩士論文:花蓮。吳綱立,2007,「永續社區理念之社區營造評估體系建構之研究:以臺南縣市社區營造為例」,『住宅學報』,16(1):21-55。林振豐,2001,「社區總體營造在社區主義形成過程中的瓶頸與願景—以苗栗縣社區為觀察焦點」,東海大學公共事務碩士在職專班:臺中。林勝義,2004,「從社區評鑑談臺灣社區發展走向」,『社區發展季刊』,107:52-63。徐震,1986,「社區一詞的用法及其演進」,『社區發展的回顧與展望』,臺北:中華民國社區發展研究訓練中心。宮崎清,1996,『人心之華—日本社區總體營造的理念與實例』,臺灣省手工業研究所、千葉大學宮崎研究室:南投。陳文標,1996,『日本案例-社區總體營造100選』,臺灣:臺灣省手工業研究所。陳靜誼,2007,「社區居民社區意識及對社區總體營造認知關係之研究—以高雄市河堤社區為例」,國立中山大學教育研究所碩士論文:高雄。游春香,2010,「彰化縣社區總體營造之研究-以田中鎮復興社區為例」,大葉大學設計暨藝術學院碩士在職專班碩士論文,彰化。曾槶源,2005,「非營利組織協助推動社區產業發展之研究-以新故鄉文教基金會推動南投桃米生態村社區總體營造為例」,南華大學非營利事業管理研究所碩士論文。黃光廷、黃舒楣譯,Jim Diers著,2009,『社區力量-西雅圖的社區營造實踐』,臺北:洪葉文化。黃秋媖,2014,「高雄市社區營造關鍵成功因素之探討」,國立高雄應用科技大學高階經營管理研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文:高雄。黃肇新,2003,「營造公民社會之困境—921災後重建兩種民間團體的理想與實踐」,國立臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究所博士論文:臺北。黃肇新,2004,「與美國社區發展對話-參加美國社區發展學會2004年年會經驗」,『社區發展季刊』,107:458-464。詹雪梅,2004,「永樂社區發展協進會推動社區總體營造之參與學習研究」,國立中正大學成人及繼續教育研究所碩士論文:嘉義。蔡必焜、顏建賢、莊士弘,2010,「社區發展關鍵成功因素之分析-應用分析層級程序法」,『社區發展季刊』,132:432-447。蔡紹洪、向秋蘭,2010,「奧斯特羅姆自主治理理論的主要思想及實踐意義」,『貴州財經學院學報』,148:18-24。蔡漢賢,1986,「如何發掘與運用社區資源推廣社區工作」,『社區發展的回顧與展望』,臺北:中華民國社區發展研究訓練中心。劉新圓,2005,「日本社區總體營造的發軔與運作」,『國政研究報告』,教文(研)094-009,臺北:財團法人國家政策研究基金會。劉峰、孔新峰,2010,「多中心治理理論的啟迪與警示」,『行政管理改革』,2010(1):67-72。簡美素,2011,「專家系統之社造:檢視社造永續性以臺灣高市三民區鼎力里、美國西雅圖為例」,文藻外語學院國際事業暨文化交流研究所碩士論文:高雄。謝禎德,2005,「非營利組織參與社區總體營造之研究-以大嵙崁文教基金會為例」,元智大學資訊社會學碩士論文:桃園。邊泰明,2011,「土地使用規劃與財產權』,臺北:詹氏。鍾瑞騰,2007,「社區總體營造之個案研究-以花蓮縣拔仔庄社區為例」,國立臺東大學區域政策與發展研究所碩士論文:臺東。顏愛靜、羅恩加、陳胤安,2012,「誘因排擠與原住民部落農業之發展:以臺灣新竹尖石鄉石磊部落為例」,『地理學報』,65:53-78。蘇麗瓊、田基武,2004,「新故鄉社區營造計畫」與「社區營造條例草案」的介紹,『社區發展季刊』,107:5-15。二、外文參考文獻Agrawal, A., 2001, “Common Property Institutions and Sustainable Governance of Re-sources”, World Devolopment, 29 (l0):1649-1672.Anderies, J.M., Janssen M. 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國立政治大學
地政學系碩士在職專班
101923028
103資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101923028 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 邊泰明 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Ben, Tai Ming en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 吳軍湛 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Wu, Chun Chan en_US dc.creator (作者) 吳軍湛 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wu, Chun Chan en_US dc.date (日期) 2015 en_US dc.date.accessioned 13-七月-2015 11:15:38 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 13-七月-2015 11:15:38 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 13-七月-2015 11:15:38 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0101923028 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/76466 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 地政學系碩士在職專班 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101923028 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 台灣自1994年起由文建會推動社區營造,有別於中央主導的方式,,試圖以「在地行動」、「由下而上」的核心概念,讓社區發展以在地居民需求為導向,自發性地營造出各具特色的社區。但社造是涉及許多共用資源管理的複雜議題,早期臺灣地區居民缺乏社造經驗,參與公共事務的意願不高,加上未有一套完整的模式進行輔導,導致二十年來實際成功之案例並不多見。近年來隨著公眾議題發燒,臺灣民眾自主意識提升、開始重視公共事務,正是積極發展社造之際。但環顧國內社區對於共用資源的管理,能在期盼有一套良好的制度或模式得以依循。 本研究案例木柵二期重劃區,其自主組織「木柵二期重劃區促進發展協進會」透過社會生態系統(Social-Ecological System;以下簡稱SES)的應用,有效將自主治理理論(Self-governance Theory)運用於社造,用以解決共用資源的問題,甚至曾受邀請至世界衛生組織(WHO),分享成功經驗。但本研究發現,將自主治理理論應用於社造之研究竟付之闕如,更沒有一套可供社造工作者參考的模型。故本研究試圖以木柵二期重劃區為案例,建立一套社造自主治理之量化模型。 本研究整理自主治理領域的相關文獻後發現,自主治理的研究雖以質化研究為主,但隨著SES的演進與簡化,是有建立量化模型之可能性。故本研究先對本案例「木柵二期重劃區」進行深度訪談及問卷調查,匯整其成功自主治理之社造沿革、社造過程、社造結果的要素,並將其與SES各種核心子系統進行對應,發現有其適用性。據此,再參考2014年的架構,提出資源體系、資源單體、治理體系、參與者四個構面皆顯著影響作用情境之假設,建立本案例之社造社會生態系統模型,於2014年11月對區內20歲以上居民發放問卷。 因素分析的結果顯示,模型整體的建構效度良好;但核心子系統需修正為三個(因本案例之資源體系與資源單體的重疊性較高,故歸納為資源體系稱之)。其次,迴歸分析驗證之結果亦顯示本案例所提出之資源體系、參與者顯著影響作用情境,此兩個假設獲得支持;另外由於當初將治理體系的設定為地方政府,將自主治理組織木柵二期重劃區促進發展協進會歸納為參與者,導致結果顯示治理體系不會顯著影響作用情境。 故本研究的結果顯示,透過SES模型將自主治理理論導入社造是一條可行的方式,然社造的議題涉及層面與考量因素甚廣,且於世界各地亦有許多官方、民間的組織仍不斷的實作以及推廣。唯本研究僅以自主治理理論是否可導入社造為角度切入,與當前主流理論不盡相同,須就其優缺點、以及對現象的解釋力進行比較,然受限於本研究之時間、人力、成本,仍待後續研究者的協助。 研究者本身為協進會理事長,經由近十年之實務操作經驗,並透過本研究之驗證,深知社造之特徵實與自主治理理論概念相近、本研究所建立之社造SES模型,亦有良好的建構效度。故期望能將此實證建構之模型推廣到更多地區,建立社造成功的模式、營造更多桃花源般的社區,使人安住休息,並希望人類從此幸福、和諧、安康。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Ever since 1994, the Council for Cultural Affairs (CCA) in Taiwan has pro-moted a placemaking movement totally different from the programs previously offered. With the core concepts of “local activities” and “bottom-up” in mind, the movement aims to help develop the communities around the island that could meet the demands of the local residents and automatically display their unique-ness. In the early days, however, the residents in Taiwan did not seem to get very actively involved in public affairs and have access to a good model to follow. Successful cases were rare in the past two decades. In the recent years, public issues have been under heated discussion and autonomous consciousness, raised among the general public. The time has come to develop the placemaking. Considering the management of common-pool resources involved with placemaking and the people’s total lack of the experience, a good system or model is needed to follow. However, the problems faced with the management of common-pool resources, home or abroad, have not been solved, either through the free market or the government centralization, until 1990 when Ostrom proposed his self-governance theory. But no research has been found on the application of self-governance theory to placemaking so far. Taking this into account, this research is intended to apply self-governance theory to the placemaking in “the second phase of re-planning the Mu-zha District” as an example. Through depth interviews and questionnaire survey, this study tries to know how residents themselves have worked on their placemaking, what are the key factors for their success, and, further, have a good grip of how their self-governance organization—The Community Development Association of the Second Phase of Re-planning the Mu-zha District —has applied self-governance theory to the placemaking so successfully. To illustrate, first, through depth interviews with experts, scholars, and local opinion leaders, this researcher collected the data on the evolution of placemaking in the second phase of re-planning the Mu-zha District, its process and outcomes, finding that “community resources in place” and “leaders with strong leadership” are the key factors for residents’ high satisfaction. Then, in the qualitative study, this researcher compared each of the counterparts both in self-governance system and social-ecological system (SES), finding that the self-governance theory has its applicability. Next, to establish a SES framework suited for this study, this researcher adapted the SES set by McGinnis and Ostrom in 2014 and proposed the resource system, the resource unit, the governance system and participants for factor anal-ysis. In November, 2014, questionnaires were handed out to the district residents aged 20 and over. Through factor analysis, it is found that the construct validity of the so-cial-ecological system for this study is good. Since there is a considerable overlap between the resources system in this study and the resources unit, we called them the resources system. The regression analysis also concludes that the resources system and participants proposed in this study are gaining support. Because the hypothesis of governance system in this research is local government, the inhab-itant trusts the Development Association; therefore the governance system cannot obviously affect the focal action situation. With one decade’s practical experience in the placemaking and through the verification of this study, this researcher, also the chairman of Community De-velopment Association realizes that the features of placemaking are quite close to the concept of self-governance theory. And the construct validity of the estab-lished SES in this study also proves to be good.It is therefore highly expected that the model of placemaking proposed in this study could be promoted to more re-gions around the whole world in the hope of building more wonderful communi-ties, where people could live peacefully and happily. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論第一節 研究動機與研究目的 1第二節 研究方法與研究範圍 4第三節 研究流程與研究限制 6第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎第一節 社造相關名詞操作型定義 9第二節 社造發展與相關文獻比較 14第三節 社造共用資源自主治理之理論基礎 24第三章 案例分析—木柵二期重劃區自主治理探討第一節 木柵二期重劃區開發沿革 37第二節 木柵二期重劃區自主組織制度與自主治理 42第三節 木柵二期重劃區社造成功因素之深度訪談 47第四節 木柵二期重劃區社造自主治理原則對應與實例 55第四章 研究設計第一節 研究架構與研究假設 75第二節 研究對象與研究變項 80第三節 統計分析 90第五章 研究結果與分析第一節 樣本回收結果與問卷信度分析 91第二節 樣本基本變項與居民社造認知問卷結果 93第三節 木柵二期重劃區社造SES模型問卷結果 102第四節 假設驗證 104第六章 結論與建議第一節 結論 111第二節 建議 114參考文獻一、中文參考文獻 115二、外文參考文獻 117附 件附件一、臺北市行政區劃及里鄰編組自治條例 119附件二、臺北市木柵第二期重劃區都市設計準則 120附件三、臺北市土地重劃抵費地出售盈餘款基金收支保管及運用自治條例 127附件四、臺北市木柵二期重劃區促進發展協進會章程 128附件五、深度訪談受訪者背景表 132附件六、臺北市土地重劃抵費地出售盈餘款基金管理考核作業要點 133附件七、社造共用資源自主治理研究問卷調查表 135 zh_TW dc.format.extent 6866521 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101923028 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社區發展 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社區營造 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共用資源 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自主治理理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會生態系統 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Community Development en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Placemaking en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Common-pool resources en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Self-governance Theory en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social-Ecological Systems en_US dc.title (題名) 社區營造共用資源自主治理之研究-以臺北市木柵二期重劃區為例- zh_TW dc.title (題名) Research on placemaking and self-governance in common-pool resources using the example of the Muzha second redevelopment zone in Taipei en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文參考文獻王興倫,2005,「多中心治理:一種新的公共管理理論」,『江蘇行政學院學報』,19:96-100。李永展,1995,「社區環境權與社區發展」,『社區發展季刊』,69:53-61。李美華、孔祥明、李明寰、林嘉娟、王婷玉、李承宇譯,Earl Babbie著,2004,『社會科學研究法』,臺北:時英。李晏瑩,2010,「社區共用資源與自主治理之研究-以臺北縣貢寮鄉卯澳社區為例」,佛光大學公共事務學系碩士論文:宜蘭。李謁政,2006,「臺灣遭遇現代性的後果與社區總體營造的創造性修補」,『環境與藝術期刊』,4:1-15。李聯康,2009,「都市中的保育行動:以富陽公園與巴克禮公園的社區參與為例」,國立政治大學政治系碩士論文:臺北。吳月招,2003,「公私部門協力參與社區總體營造之研究-以九二一重建區為例」,東海大學公共事務碩士學程在職進修專班:臺中。吳明儒,2011,「從英國社區發展的脈絡反思台灣的社區進程」,『國政研究報告』,臺北:財團法人國家政策研究基金會。吳軍湛,2012,『創造現代桃花源』,臺北:城邦。吳敏賢,2011,「公私協力參與社區總體營造治理之研究-以花蓮縣富源社區為例」,國立東華大學公共行政研究所碩士論文:花蓮。吳綱立,2007,「永續社區理念之社區營造評估體系建構之研究:以臺南縣市社區營造為例」,『住宅學報』,16(1):21-55。林振豐,2001,「社區總體營造在社區主義形成過程中的瓶頸與願景—以苗栗縣社區為觀察焦點」,東海大學公共事務碩士在職專班:臺中。林勝義,2004,「從社區評鑑談臺灣社區發展走向」,『社區發展季刊』,107:52-63。徐震,1986,「社區一詞的用法及其演進」,『社區發展的回顧與展望』,臺北:中華民國社區發展研究訓練中心。宮崎清,1996,『人心之華—日本社區總體營造的理念與實例』,臺灣省手工業研究所、千葉大學宮崎研究室:南投。陳文標,1996,『日本案例-社區總體營造100選』,臺灣:臺灣省手工業研究所。陳靜誼,2007,「社區居民社區意識及對社區總體營造認知關係之研究—以高雄市河堤社區為例」,國立中山大學教育研究所碩士論文:高雄。游春香,2010,「彰化縣社區總體營造之研究-以田中鎮復興社區為例」,大葉大學設計暨藝術學院碩士在職專班碩士論文,彰化。曾槶源,2005,「非營利組織協助推動社區產業發展之研究-以新故鄉文教基金會推動南投桃米生態村社區總體營造為例」,南華大學非營利事業管理研究所碩士論文。黃光廷、黃舒楣譯,Jim Diers著,2009,『社區力量-西雅圖的社區營造實踐』,臺北:洪葉文化。黃秋媖,2014,「高雄市社區營造關鍵成功因素之探討」,國立高雄應用科技大學高階經營管理研究所碩士在職專班碩士論文:高雄。黃肇新,2003,「營造公民社會之困境—921災後重建兩種民間團體的理想與實踐」,國立臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究所博士論文:臺北。黃肇新,2004,「與美國社區發展對話-參加美國社區發展學會2004年年會經驗」,『社區發展季刊』,107:458-464。詹雪梅,2004,「永樂社區發展協進會推動社區總體營造之參與學習研究」,國立中正大學成人及繼續教育研究所碩士論文:嘉義。蔡必焜、顏建賢、莊士弘,2010,「社區發展關鍵成功因素之分析-應用分析層級程序法」,『社區發展季刊』,132:432-447。蔡紹洪、向秋蘭,2010,「奧斯特羅姆自主治理理論的主要思想及實踐意義」,『貴州財經學院學報』,148:18-24。蔡漢賢,1986,「如何發掘與運用社區資源推廣社區工作」,『社區發展的回顧與展望』,臺北:中華民國社區發展研究訓練中心。劉新圓,2005,「日本社區總體營造的發軔與運作」,『國政研究報告』,教文(研)094-009,臺北:財團法人國家政策研究基金會。劉峰、孔新峰,2010,「多中心治理理論的啟迪與警示」,『行政管理改革』,2010(1):67-72。簡美素,2011,「專家系統之社造:檢視社造永續性以臺灣高市三民區鼎力里、美國西雅圖為例」,文藻外語學院國際事業暨文化交流研究所碩士論文:高雄。謝禎德,2005,「非營利組織參與社區總體營造之研究-以大嵙崁文教基金會為例」,元智大學資訊社會學碩士論文:桃園。邊泰明,2011,「土地使用規劃與財產權』,臺北:詹氏。鍾瑞騰,2007,「社區總體營造之個案研究-以花蓮縣拔仔庄社區為例」,國立臺東大學區域政策與發展研究所碩士論文:臺東。顏愛靜、羅恩加、陳胤安,2012,「誘因排擠與原住民部落農業之發展:以臺灣新竹尖石鄉石磊部落為例」,『地理學報』,65:53-78。蘇麗瓊、田基武,2004,「新故鄉社區營造計畫」與「社區營造條例草案」的介紹,『社區發展季刊』,107:5-15。二、外文參考文獻Agrawal, A., 2001, “Common Property Institutions and Sustainable Governance of Re-sources”, World Devolopment, 29 (l0):1649-1672.Anderies, J.M., Janssen M. 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