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題名 電視新聞攝影記者採訪報導颱風新聞的採訪應變與專業意理
The Study of Adaptation Strategies and Professional Ideology of Television Photojournalists Who Cover Typhoon News
作者 黃安琪
貢獻者 許瓊文
黃安琪
關鍵詞 安全
專業意理
採訪應變
創傷
颱風新聞
攝影記者
adaptations strategies
photojournalists
professional ideology
safety
trauma
typhoon news
日期 2015
上傳時間 1-九月-2015 16:07:59 (UTC+8)
摘要   本研究探討國內電視新聞攝影記者採訪報導颱風新聞的採訪應變與專業意理。研究採取質化的深度訪談法,訪談12名任職於台北有線、無線電視新聞頻道的男性攝影記者。研究結果發現,攝影記者在自然環境破壞與充斥新聞編輯室時效、災難影像競爭壓力的報導現場裡,克服環境、設備資源侷限發展應變之道,而能因地制宜、就地取材、或朝向預防準備方向。當自然環境衍伸出採訪安全風險時,攝影記者會權衡多重面向因素,如:編輯室內控壓力、自然環境、個人因素、與文字記者配合程度而決定是否涉險,過往受傷經歷也讓攝影記者累積採訪智識,判斷環境風險。但是,攝影記者為了應付編輯室壓力、採訪安全問題,常產生目的導向的「偏差介入式」報導手段。

  攝影記者採訪報導颱風創傷新聞情境,面對死者遺體與受創傷者的情緒壓力會在現場或報導完後有所展現,他們會藉由採訪智識、前輩經驗傳承或自我創建降低心理創傷的採訪方式、調適辦法。且攝影記者對颱風創傷情景的記憶,會連帶觸動他們工作生涯裡初次與印象最深刻的創傷新聞情景,進行跨事件聯想。過往創傷新聞經驗會脈絡性地影響攝影記者採訪報導方式,有助於專業意理養成、但也可能助長偏差的報導手段。

  專業意理於攝影記者採訪報導颱風新聞的實踐,傾向以新聞本質的記錄真實、快速傳遞訊息而自然而然地發揮媒介助人、批評譴責、動員、關懷、設定議題、解決問題等正向功能。但是,這些正向的媒介功能卻會被攝影記者作為合理化偏差報導手段的藉口,記者僅重視報導可能帶來的正向「結果」,忽視採訪報導方式的「程序正義」。在在反映攝影記者欠缺採訪報導創傷情境的認識、應變颱風報導環境限制的安全策略,與抵抗編輯室內控壓力的適切辦法。
  This study investigates television photojournalists’ adaptation strategies and professional ideology when covering typhoon news in Taiwan. 12 male photojournalists who work in cable and network television stations in Taipei are in-depth interviewed. The findings indicate that photojournalists seek resources from the news venue and adapt them to fit in the local circumstances, or prepare in advanced to deal with the possible restrictions from natural environment due to typhoon disasters.
Simultaneously, photojournalists also weigh multiple factors to take risks for news or not, like competitive pressures, newsroom routines, natural environment, individual causes and the degree of cooperation with their counterpart. They evaluate risks of natural environment based upon their hands-on wisdom that is collected from past physical hurt experiences. However, photojournalists under the pressure of competition sometimes use inappropriate ways to shoot news footages and get involved in news events to make sensational typhoon news.

  Interviewed photojournalists have emotional stresses when facing corpses and traumatized people at the news venue, even after work. Covering wisdom, senior photojournalists’ experiences and suggestions are good way to mitigate photojournalists’ emotional stresses and trauma. The interviewees’ answers to typhoon reporting are often associated with their first trauma news experiences and most impressive event. Those significant experiences in their career will influence photojournalists’ reporting methods towards nurturing beneficial professional ideology or increasing inappropriate covering measures.

  Photojournalists tend to develop positive media functions, like helping, criticism, mobilization, care, agenda-setting and solutions-developing to accomplish their professional ideology by reporting truth and conveying disaster messages as soon as possible. Nevertheless, photojournalists only focus on “consequentialism” of effective media functions, but discard “procedural justice” of moral reasoning in typhoon reporting. The so-called professional ideology is only optimistic bias among photojournalists.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞研究所
100451019
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100451019
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 許瓊文zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 黃安琪zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 黃安琪zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-九月-2015 16:07:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-九月-2015 16:07:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-九月-2015 16:07:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0100451019en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/78043-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100451019zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   本研究探討國內電視新聞攝影記者採訪報導颱風新聞的採訪應變與專業意理。研究採取質化的深度訪談法,訪談12名任職於台北有線、無線電視新聞頻道的男性攝影記者。研究結果發現,攝影記者在自然環境破壞與充斥新聞編輯室時效、災難影像競爭壓力的報導現場裡,克服環境、設備資源侷限發展應變之道,而能因地制宜、就地取材、或朝向預防準備方向。當自然環境衍伸出採訪安全風險時,攝影記者會權衡多重面向因素,如:編輯室內控壓力、自然環境、個人因素、與文字記者配合程度而決定是否涉險,過往受傷經歷也讓攝影記者累積採訪智識,判斷環境風險。但是,攝影記者為了應付編輯室壓力、採訪安全問題,常產生目的導向的「偏差介入式」報導手段。

  攝影記者採訪報導颱風創傷新聞情境,面對死者遺體與受創傷者的情緒壓力會在現場或報導完後有所展現,他們會藉由採訪智識、前輩經驗傳承或自我創建降低心理創傷的採訪方式、調適辦法。且攝影記者對颱風創傷情景的記憶,會連帶觸動他們工作生涯裡初次與印象最深刻的創傷新聞情景,進行跨事件聯想。過往創傷新聞經驗會脈絡性地影響攝影記者採訪報導方式,有助於專業意理養成、但也可能助長偏差的報導手段。

  專業意理於攝影記者採訪報導颱風新聞的實踐,傾向以新聞本質的記錄真實、快速傳遞訊息而自然而然地發揮媒介助人、批評譴責、動員、關懷、設定議題、解決問題等正向功能。但是,這些正向的媒介功能卻會被攝影記者作為合理化偏差報導手段的藉口,記者僅重視報導可能帶來的正向「結果」,忽視採訪報導方式的「程序正義」。在在反映攝影記者欠缺採訪報導創傷情境的認識、應變颱風報導環境限制的安全策略,與抵抗編輯室內控壓力的適切辦法。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   This study investigates television photojournalists’ adaptation strategies and professional ideology when covering typhoon news in Taiwan. 12 male photojournalists who work in cable and network television stations in Taipei are in-depth interviewed. The findings indicate that photojournalists seek resources from the news venue and adapt them to fit in the local circumstances, or prepare in advanced to deal with the possible restrictions from natural environment due to typhoon disasters.
Simultaneously, photojournalists also weigh multiple factors to take risks for news or not, like competitive pressures, newsroom routines, natural environment, individual causes and the degree of cooperation with their counterpart. They evaluate risks of natural environment based upon their hands-on wisdom that is collected from past physical hurt experiences. However, photojournalists under the pressure of competition sometimes use inappropriate ways to shoot news footages and get involved in news events to make sensational typhoon news.

  Interviewed photojournalists have emotional stresses when facing corpses and traumatized people at the news venue, even after work. Covering wisdom, senior photojournalists’ experiences and suggestions are good way to mitigate photojournalists’ emotional stresses and trauma. The interviewees’ answers to typhoon reporting are often associated with their first trauma news experiences and most impressive event. Those significant experiences in their career will influence photojournalists’ reporting methods towards nurturing beneficial professional ideology or increasing inappropriate covering measures.

  Photojournalists tend to develop positive media functions, like helping, criticism, mobilization, care, agenda-setting and solutions-developing to accomplish their professional ideology by reporting truth and conveying disaster messages as soon as possible. Nevertheless, photojournalists only focus on “consequentialism” of effective media functions, but discard “procedural justice” of moral reasoning in typhoon reporting. The so-called professional ideology is only optimistic bias among photojournalists.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與問題意識 1
第二節 研究動機 3
第三節 研究宗旨與目的 5
第貳章 文獻探討 7
第一節 颱風報導場域的情境特性 7
一、 挺進與自然傷害 7
二、 有限資源環境 8
三、 創傷情景 9
第二節 新聞記者專業意理 11
一、 專業意理概念 11
二、 攝影記者專業意理 18
三、 小結 19
第參章 研究方法 21
第一節 研究方法之選擇 21
一、 質化研究方法 21
二、 深度訪談法 22
第二節 研究進行與受訪者選擇 23
第肆章 颱風特殊報導情境─侷限、應變與專業意理 25
第一節 採訪安全與資源不足的應變之道 25
一、 颱風新聞現場 25
(一) 生理需求限制 26
(二) 設備限制 27
(三) 交通、挺進困難與地理環境不熟悉 30
(四) 災難初期資訊模糊 33
二、 滲入新聞現場的編輯室內控壓力 34
(一)背景:編輯室對外感知落差下的應變之道 34
(二)時效壓力下的應變之道 35
(三)災難畫面競爭下的應變之道 37
三、 其他涉險因素下的應變之道 43
(一) 攝影記者個人層面因素 44
(二) 攝影與文字記者配合程度 46
四、 小結 48
第二節 創傷情境侷限的應變之道 49
一、 採訪報導「死者」新聞 50
(一) 創傷與情緒壓力 50
(二) 攝影記者調適與應變之道 54
二、 採訪報導「受創傷者」新聞 59
(一) 情緒壓力 59
(二) 攝影記者應變之道 63
三、 小結 67
第三節 電視新聞攝影記者專業意理 68
一、 專業意理:正向媒介功能 68
二、 報導偏差:「介入者」角色 76
三、 小結 79
第伍章 研究結論、限制與建議 80
第一節 研究結論 80
第二節 理論與實務工作建議 82
第三節 研究限制與建議 86
參考書目 87
附錄一、訪談大綱 95
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dc.format.extent 2609065 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0100451019en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 安全zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 專業意理zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 採訪應變zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創傷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 颱風新聞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 攝影記者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) adaptations strategiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) photojournalistsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) professional ideologyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) safetyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) traumaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) typhoon newsen_US
dc.title (題名) 電視新聞攝影記者採訪報導颱風新聞的採訪應變與專業意理zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Study of Adaptation Strategies and Professional Ideology of Television Photojournalists Who Cover Typhoon Newsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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