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題名 綠色大眾運輸導向土地使用規劃模式
A Land Use Planning Model for Green Transit-oriented Development作者 劉人華
Liu, Jen Hua貢獻者 白仁德<br>林楨家
Pai, Jen Te<br>Lin, Jen Jia
劉人華
Liu, Jen Hua關鍵詞 大眾運輸導向發展
土地使用規劃模式
數學規劃
Transit-oriented development
land use planning model
mathematical programming日期 2015 上傳時間 1-九月-2015 16:26:01 (UTC+8) 摘要 伴隨著永續發展思潮之興起,「大眾運輸導向發展(Transit-oriented development, TOD)」已成為都市規劃之重要理念。相關研究雖曾就TOD緊密、混合使用發展帶來之永續效益進行探討,然高密度之發展模式亦會加速都市內資源消耗,並影響生活環境品質。為解決前述課題,相關文獻因而提出「綠色大眾運輸導向發展(Green transit-oriented development, Green TOD)」理念,以期待在TOD與綠色都市主義(Green urbanism)之結合下,形塑更為友善環境發展之都市型態。國內外雖有相關研究對Green TOD之規劃理念進行探討,並建立評估架構與準則,然規劃上仍未以該理念建構土地使用規劃模式,以協助規劃者研擬規劃方案;此外傳統土地使用規劃模式建構亦較少將土地使用配置現況與變更限制納入考量,規劃模式因而無法反映實際之規劃問題,並使其應用受到限制。 基此,本研究係由通盤檢討面向切入建構「綠色大眾運輸導向土地使用規劃模式」,規劃上並以高密度發展、混合使用配置、親生物開放空間追求、非機動運具可及性提升、停車需求抑制、資源配置效益追求、都市機能健全發展為追求目標建構多目標規劃模式;模式考量限制則包含通盤檢討變更可行性、配置區位限制、規模與容量限制、預算限制、運輸場站自明性、自行車道連續性等;模式求解則修正最小偏差法,並設定不同之權重組合尋求非劣解集合;最後則模擬實例情境設計假想例,以測試模式之可用性,並透過敏感度分析探討規劃模式之應用特性。 研究結果發現,規劃模式部分目標因追求方向相同而不具有償付關係,然各目標規劃理念、衡量面向與決策內容皆有不同,規劃上因而有保留之必要性,規劃模式並可依據此特性追求整合性之規劃效益,且著重高密度發展策略之應用。而敏感度分析則顯示,預算額度多寡將影響模式之規劃彈性與償付關係之表現程度,規劃前應妥善分析土地使用配置現況後編列適當之預算資源,以確保規劃偏好達成。本研究建構之土地使用規劃模式可於Green TOD 理念下研提不同之替選方案,並輔助規劃單位進行土地使用、自行車路網、水資源配置之規劃作業。
Transit-oriented development (TOD) has become a main concept of urban planning as the advocacy of sustainable development. Previous studies, though, have explored the benefit of TOD which features of compact development and mixed land use, excessive density would also accelerate the resources consumption in inner city and decrease the quality of living environment. To solve the aforementioned problems, studies have proposed the concept of “Green transit-oriented development (Green TOD)”, which combines the concepts of “TOD” and “Green Urbanism” in anticipation of shaping an environmentally friendly urban form. However, most of the studies about Green TOD mainly focus on defining the planning concept or establishing the evaluation framework and criteria of it, it still lacks a land use planning model for Green TOD which aims to generate planning alternatives objectively for planners. With regard to the land use planning model, prior studies seldom took the current zoning and rezoning restriction into consideration during the model formulation, which not only made the formulated model fail to represent the real planning problem but also decrease the application value. This study, therefore, develops a multi-objective land use planning model for Green TOD from the aspect of overall review of urban planning. The objectives of the model include “maximizing the development density”, “maximizing the mixed land use degree”, “maximizing the biophilic open space”, “maximizing the accessibility of non-motorized vehicle”, “minimizing the parking demand”, “maximizing the benefit of resource allocation” and “minimizing the rezoning scale of available land”. The constrains of the model include “the rezoning feasibility of overall review”, “the restriction of allocated location”, “the allocated restriction of minimum scale and maximum volume”, “budget limitation”, “identification of transit station area” and “connectivity of bikeway network”. The revised minimum deviation method with different weight settings was used to search the non-inferior solutions set for the simulated case to verify the applicability of the developed model. Besides, sensitivity analysis was used to explore the model characteristic.The result found that some of the objectives, which cannot be integrated due to the difference of planning concept, assessing aspect and decision contents, feature of non-trade-off relationship due to the same pursuing direction. The application of the model can therefore apply this characteristic to pursue the integrated benefit accordingly and focus on the planning approach of high density development. Besides, the sensitivity analysis showed that budget amount influences the planning flexibility and trade-off degree significantly. Budgeting should therefore be dealt appropriately after analyzing the current zoning to ensure the achievement of planning preference. 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國立政治大學
地政研究所
102257002資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102257002 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 白仁德<br>林楨家 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Pai, Jen Te<br>Lin, Jen Jia en_US dc.contributor.author (作者) 劉人華 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Liu, Jen Hua en_US dc.creator (作者) 劉人華 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Liu, Jen Hua en_US dc.date (日期) 2015 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-九月-2015 16:26:01 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-九月-2015 16:26:01 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-九月-2015 16:26:01 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0102257002 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/78105 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 地政研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102257002 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 伴隨著永續發展思潮之興起,「大眾運輸導向發展(Transit-oriented development, TOD)」已成為都市規劃之重要理念。相關研究雖曾就TOD緊密、混合使用發展帶來之永續效益進行探討,然高密度之發展模式亦會加速都市內資源消耗,並影響生活環境品質。為解決前述課題,相關文獻因而提出「綠色大眾運輸導向發展(Green transit-oriented development, Green TOD)」理念,以期待在TOD與綠色都市主義(Green urbanism)之結合下,形塑更為友善環境發展之都市型態。國內外雖有相關研究對Green TOD之規劃理念進行探討,並建立評估架構與準則,然規劃上仍未以該理念建構土地使用規劃模式,以協助規劃者研擬規劃方案;此外傳統土地使用規劃模式建構亦較少將土地使用配置現況與變更限制納入考量,規劃模式因而無法反映實際之規劃問題,並使其應用受到限制。 基此,本研究係由通盤檢討面向切入建構「綠色大眾運輸導向土地使用規劃模式」,規劃上並以高密度發展、混合使用配置、親生物開放空間追求、非機動運具可及性提升、停車需求抑制、資源配置效益追求、都市機能健全發展為追求目標建構多目標規劃模式;模式考量限制則包含通盤檢討變更可行性、配置區位限制、規模與容量限制、預算限制、運輸場站自明性、自行車道連續性等;模式求解則修正最小偏差法,並設定不同之權重組合尋求非劣解集合;最後則模擬實例情境設計假想例,以測試模式之可用性,並透過敏感度分析探討規劃模式之應用特性。 研究結果發現,規劃模式部分目標因追求方向相同而不具有償付關係,然各目標規劃理念、衡量面向與決策內容皆有不同,規劃上因而有保留之必要性,規劃模式並可依據此特性追求整合性之規劃效益,且著重高密度發展策略之應用。而敏感度分析則顯示,預算額度多寡將影響模式之規劃彈性與償付關係之表現程度,規劃前應妥善分析土地使用配置現況後編列適當之預算資源,以確保規劃偏好達成。本研究建構之土地使用規劃模式可於Green TOD 理念下研提不同之替選方案,並輔助規劃單位進行土地使用、自行車路網、水資源配置之規劃作業。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Transit-oriented development (TOD) has become a main concept of urban planning as the advocacy of sustainable development. Previous studies, though, have explored the benefit of TOD which features of compact development and mixed land use, excessive density would also accelerate the resources consumption in inner city and decrease the quality of living environment. To solve the aforementioned problems, studies have proposed the concept of “Green transit-oriented development (Green TOD)”, which combines the concepts of “TOD” and “Green Urbanism” in anticipation of shaping an environmentally friendly urban form. However, most of the studies about Green TOD mainly focus on defining the planning concept or establishing the evaluation framework and criteria of it, it still lacks a land use planning model for Green TOD which aims to generate planning alternatives objectively for planners. With regard to the land use planning model, prior studies seldom took the current zoning and rezoning restriction into consideration during the model formulation, which not only made the formulated model fail to represent the real planning problem but also decrease the application value. This study, therefore, develops a multi-objective land use planning model for Green TOD from the aspect of overall review of urban planning. The objectives of the model include “maximizing the development density”, “maximizing the mixed land use degree”, “maximizing the biophilic open space”, “maximizing the accessibility of non-motorized vehicle”, “minimizing the parking demand”, “maximizing the benefit of resource allocation” and “minimizing the rezoning scale of available land”. The constrains of the model include “the rezoning feasibility of overall review”, “the restriction of allocated location”, “the allocated restriction of minimum scale and maximum volume”, “budget limitation”, “identification of transit station area” and “connectivity of bikeway network”. The revised minimum deviation method with different weight settings was used to search the non-inferior solutions set for the simulated case to verify the applicability of the developed model. Besides, sensitivity analysis was used to explore the model characteristic.The result found that some of the objectives, which cannot be integrated due to the difference of planning concept, assessing aspect and decision contents, feature of non-trade-off relationship due to the same pursuing direction. The application of the model can therefore apply this characteristic to pursue the integrated benefit accordingly and focus on the planning approach of high density development. Besides, the sensitivity analysis showed that budget amount influences the planning flexibility and trade-off degree significantly. Budgeting should therefore be dealt appropriately after analyzing the current zoning to ensure the achievement of planning preference. The land use planning model developed by this study can be applied to generate planning alternatives under the planning concept of Green TOD and support the authorities for land use allocation, bikeway design and water resource allocation. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1-1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1-1 第二節 研究對象與範疇 1-3 第三節 研究內容與流程 1-5 第四節 研究方法 1-7第二章 文獻回顧 2-1 第一節 綠色大眾運輸導向發展 2-1 第二節 土地使用規劃模式 2-28 第三節 小結 2-40 第三章 決策情境與規劃模式處理內容 3-1 第一節 決策情境 3-1 第二節 規劃模式處理內容 3-10第四章 模式構想與課題分析 4-1 第一節 決策空間與單元 4-1 第二節 目標式與限制式 4-2 第三節 模式選擇 4-18 第四節 決策變數 4-21第五章 模式建構與求解設計 5-1 第一節 模式建構 5-1 第二節 求解設計 5-16 第六章 簡例分析與模式特性探討 6-1 第一節 簡例情境與參數設定 6-1 第二節 簡例求解過程與結果 6-10 第三節 模式特性探討與規劃意涵 6-38第七章 結論與建議 7-1 第一節 結論 7-1 第二節 建議 7-4 參考文獻 參-1附錄 附-1 zh_TW dc.format.extent 9924340 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102257002 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大眾運輸導向發展 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 土地使用規劃模式 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 數學規劃 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Transit-oriented development en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) land use planning model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) mathematical programming en_US dc.title (題名) 綠色大眾運輸導向土地使用規劃模式 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Land Use Planning Model for Green Transit-oriented Development en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文參考文獻Calthorpe, P.著、劉依婷譯,1999,『跨世紀都市藍圖: 生態、社區、願景』,台北: 詹氏書局。文嬿翔,2012,「Green TOD下建成環境規劃與設計之研究」,國立臺北大學都市計劃研究所碩士論文。王正忠,2013,「應用模糊德爾菲法於運動酒吧展店區位選擇因素之探討」,『運動知識學報』,10: 15~32。王琪斐,2011,「都市緊湊程度對都市耗能影響之研究」,國立成功大學都市計劃學系碩士論文。行政院教育部體育署,2012,101年自行車道整體路網串聯建設計畫。吳綱立,2008,「生態大眾運輸村Green-TOD的願景與在地落實-高雄市鐵路地下化生態廊帶與生態大眾運輸村的營造」,『Dialogue建築』,130: 114~121。吳綱立,2009,「生態大眾運輸村都市設計架構之研究」,論文發表於<第十三屆國土規劃論壇>,國立成功大學都市計劃學系:國立成功大學光復校區都市計劃學系系館,民國98年3月14日。吳綱立、凌于右、劉佳,2010,「生態大眾運輸導向發展理念的都市及社區規劃模式之比較研究:以臺灣高雄市及中國天津市生態大眾運輸村開發為例」,論文發表於<中華民國住宅學會年會暨學術論文研討會>,中華民國住宅學會:國立金門技術學院,民國99年1月22日。吳綱立、徐肇章、李子燿,2009,「高雄市鐵路地下化站區新生地都市設計開發策略規劃案」,高雄市政府都市發展局委託。吳曜馨,2009,「活化型生態大眾運輸村選址評估架構之研究-以高雄市鐵路地下化地區為例」,國立成功大學都市計劃研究所碩士論文。呂明曄,2005,「大眾運輸場站對都市土地使用型態影響之模擬」,國立成功大學都市計劃學系碩士論文。李孟訓,2008,「從價值鏈的觀點探討台灣農業生物科技產業非跨領域轉型之關鍵成功因素研究」,『經濟與管理論叢』,4(1): 65~88。李家儂,2003,「都會區大眾運輸導向發展之規劃模式」,國立臺北大學都市計劃研究所碩士論文。李家儂,2007,「台灣都市形塑大眾運輸導向發展型態之背景與限制」,『土地問題研究季刊』,6(1):65~78。李家儂、賴宗裕,2005,「台灣地區大眾運輸導向發展之落實-借鏡美國的實施經驗」,『都市交通季刊』,20(3):1~16。李家儂、賴宗裕,2007a,「台北都會區大眾運輸導向發展目標體系與策略之建構」,『地理學報』,48:19~42。李家儂、賴宗裕,2007b,「大眾捷運車站周邊土地使用規劃模型之探討-多目標與多評準決策方法之應用」,『都市交通半年刊』,22(1):35~49。李家儂、賴宗裕,2009,「交通運輸與土地使用連結下的都市模式演變-全球36個主要城市比較分析」,『都市與計劃』,36(1): 24~49。杜雲龍,2000,「大眾運輸導向之都市發展策略研擬:以淡海新市鎮開發案例為例」,國立臺北大學都市計劃研究所碩士論文。卓致瑋,2004,「高雄捷運沿線推動大眾運輸導向發展的站區選擇評估模式之研究」,國立成功大學都市計劃學系碩士論文。林更岳,2010,「生態大眾運輸導向發展(Green TOD)土地使用評估模式之研究-以高雄市捷運凹子底車站地區為例」,國立成功大學都市計劃研究所碩士論文。林盈岑,2009,「多目標最佳化模式應用於公路建設方案評選之研究-以東西向快速公路改善計畫為例」,國立臺北大學不動產與城鄉環境學系碩士論文。林楨家,1999,「都市計畫草圖替選方案分析模式」,國立交通大學交通運輸研究所博士論文。林楨家、李家儂,2005,「用於都市地區活動分布之灰色TOD規劃模式」,『運輸計劃季刊』,34(1): 63~92。林楨家、施亭伃,2007,「大眾運輸導向發展之建成環境對捷運運量之影響-臺北捷運系統之實證研究」,『運輸計劃季刊』,36(4): 451~476。林楨家、高誌謙,2003,「用於捷運車站周邊地區容積管制檢討之TOD規劃模式」,『運輸計劃季刊』,32(3): 581~600。林楨家、馮正民,2001,「土地使用與運輸路網整合設計之二階規劃模式」,『運輸計劃季刊』,30(4): 733~762。林楨家、蕭博正,2006,「台北市土地混合使用特性對旅次發生之影響」,『台灣土地研究期刊』,9(1): 89~115。邱穀、陳昌顯、吳華莉、羅顯光,1995,『台灣地區都市土地旅次發生特性之研究-台北都會區混合土地使用旅次發生率使用手冊』,台北:交通部運輸研究所。張學孔、錢學陶、杜雲龍,2000,「大眾運輸導向之都市發展策略」,『捷運技術半年刊』,22:1~16。許志義,2003,『多目標決策增訂版』,台北:五南圖書出版有限公司。郭佳勳,2005,「捷運站區大眾運輸導向發展評估模式之建立與應用」,國立臺北大學都市計劃研究所碩士論文。陳佩菁,2006,「大眾運輸導向發展站區評估模式之研究-以台中都會區捷運運輸系統為例」,逢甲大學都市計畫學系碩士論文。陳尚駿,2008,「應用基因演算法於多目標土地使用規劃問題求解」,逢甲大學都市計畫學系碩士論文。曾國雄、蕭傑諭、江勁毅,1998,「De Novo規劃法之應用-以交大校園土地使用規劃為例」,『都市與計劃』,25(1):93~105。馮正民、才有財,1988,「多目標規劃法於捷運車站附近都市更新之應用研究」,『規劃學報』,15:1-19。馮正民、王文林,1991,「交流道附近地區土地使用規劃方案之產生-模糊多目標規劃法之應用」,『規劃學報』,18:131~152。馮正民、林楨家,2008,『都市及區域分析方法』二版,新竹市:建都文化事業股份有限公司。馮正民、張昭芸,1993,「以捷運營運觀點規劃捷運走廊土地使用之活動量」,『運輸計劃季刊』,22(4): 429~444。黃宣鳳,2008,「健康城市土地使用規劃模式之設計與應用」,國立台北大學都市計劃研究所碩士論文。黃建勳,2003,「都會區邊緣開發大眾運輸村評估模式之研究」,朝陽科技大學建築及都市設計研究所碩士論文。廖慶榮,2009,『作業研究(二版)』,台北:華泰文化。蔡佳蓉,2004,「本土化TOD都市設計策略之研究」,國立成功大學都市計劃學系碩士論文。衛萬里、張文智,2009,「應用模糊德爾菲與分析網路程序法選擇最佳產品設計方案之研究」,『設計學報』,10(3): 59~80。鄭滄濱,2001,「軟體組織提昇人員能力之成熟度模糊評估模式」,國立台灣科技大學資訊管理系碩士論文。顏上堯、陳俊穎、王領,2014,「現有道路系統下通勤型自行車道初步路網設置之研究」,『運輸學刊』,26(4):529~553。蘇振維、鄭嘉盈、高錫鉦、黃志清、田珍綺,2013,『自行車道系統規劃設計參考手冊』,台北:交通部運輸研究所。二、外文參考文獻Al‐Sudairi, Abdulsalam A. and Al‐Motairi, Mohammed S., 2010, “Multi Objective Land Use Allocation Model Using Priority‐based Goal Programming Technique”, Construction Management and Economics, 28(2): 151~161.Bagchi, T. 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