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題名 企業整合系統之設計原則分析：平衡管控和彈性
Understanding the Design Principles of Enterprise Integration Systems: A Balance between Control and Flexibility
作者 劉瀚徽
Liu, Han Hui
貢獻者 尚孝純
Shang, Shari S.C.
劉瀚徽
Liu, Han Hui
關鍵詞 整合資訊系統
控制
彈性
Integration information system
Control
Flexibility
日期 2015
上傳時間 1-十月-2015 14:12:49 (UTC+8)
摘要 現今企業廣泛地採用整合資訊系統，旨在能夠獲得多方面的效益，並且達到提升競爭力的最終目的。然而，由於不恰當的系統控制與彈性配置，無法實現期望成效的情況十分普遍。本研究延伸Adler和Borys於1996年對於強制性系統和實現性系統的討論至過度應用的情境，並在本作中以「過度控制」和「過度彈性」詮釋。

為了回答整合資訊系統過度控制和過度彈性之「何種」、「為何」、及「如何」等面向的研究問題，本作用下列四步驟建立研究方法。首先進行文獻探討，以獲得時常相互衝突的兩種系統設置之問題還有可行解決方案的基礎認知。第二，透過訪談五家企業進行多重個案研究，以增進對現實情況的洞見。第三，展開跨案例分析討論過往研究和實務案例之間的異同，最後，建立結論彙整與總結本研究的發現。

響應於我們的研究問題，本研究對大部分於過往研究中提及的問題皆有所發現，並且提出在不同情境中的幾種新式解決方案。這些解決方案可以分為系統設計、人員、以及政策等三方面探討。對於系統過度控制的案例，本研究提出在特定的情境中，系統有維持控制的必要，而在系統的觀點之外，員工責任的重新配置以及外部專家的支援亦可被視為可能的解決方式。至於系統過度彈性的案例，員工教育訓練必須與系統重新設計須並行，並且使用者需求以及彈性政策在早期的系統設計階段必須詳加檢視。
Nowadays, enterprises widely adopt integrated information systems to obtain various types of advantages for the ultimate goal of increased competitiveness; however, there are common circumstances under which the expected outcomes fail to be realized because of inappropriate control and flexibility system configurations. This research extends Adler and Borys’ 1996 discussion on coercive and enabling systems to situations of misuse, which is construed as over-control and over-flexibility in this work.

To shed light on our research questions of “what,” “why,” and “how” dimensions regarding integration system over-control and over-flexibility, this paper’s research method is established with the following four steps. First, a literature review is conducted to acquire a fundamental understanding to the issues and the possible resolving approaches regarding the two often contrary system configurations. Second, multiple case studies are carried out with five enterprise interviews to gain insight into real-world situations. Third, a cross-case analysis is continued to discuss the similarities and the differences between previous research and empirical cases, and finally, conclusion of this paper is built to aggregate and summarize our findings.

In response to our research questions, most of the problems that are discussed in previous studies are identified in our empirical cases, and several novel approaches to resolve the problems in different contexts are proposed as our findings, which could be discussed from the perspectives of system design, people, and policy. For system over-control cases, this paper proposes that in certain circumstances, system should remain control, and beside system perspectives, employee empowerment, responsibility redesign, and external experts’ support should also be considered as possible approaches. With regard to system over-flexibility cases, employee education should be carried out in parallel with system redesign, and user requirements and flexibility policy should be carefully reviewed at early system design stage.
參考文獻 1. Adler, P. S., & B. Borys. (1996). Two Types of Bureaucracy: Enabling and Coercive. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 61-89.
2. Adler, P., B. Goldoftas, & D. Levine. (1999). Flexibility versus Efficiency? A Case Study of Model Changeovers in the Toyota Production System. Organization Science, 10 (1): 43-68.
3. Ahrens, T., & Chapman, C. S. (2004). Accounting for Flexibility and Efficiency: A Field Study of Management Control Systems in A Restaurant Chain. Contemporary Accounting Research, 21(2): 271-301.
4. Brown, S., & K. M. Eisenhardt. (1997). The Art of Continuous Change: Linking Complexity Theory and Time-paced Evolution in Relentlessly Shifting Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42 (1): 1-34.
5. Burns, T. & Stalker G. M. (1961). The Management of Innovation. Tavistock, London.
6. Chang, C. J., & King, W. R. (2005). Measuring the Performance of Information Systems: A functional scorecard. Journal of Management Information Systems, 22(1): 85-115.
7. Chase, R. & D. Garvin. (1989). The Service Factory. Harvard Business Review, 67 (4): 61-69.
8. Chen, R., Sun, C., Helms, M. M., & Jih, W. (2009). Factors Influencing Information System Flexibility: An Interpretive Flexibility Perspective. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, 5(1): 32-43.
9. Chen, Z., & Li, L. (2013). Information Support Technologies of Integrated Production Planning and Control for OEM Driven Networked Manufacturing. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 26(4): 400-426.
10. Chenhall, R., & D. Morris. (1986). The Impact of Structure, Environment and Interdependence on the Perceived Usefulness of Management Accounting Systems. The Accounting Review, 61 (1): 16-35.
11. Duncan, R. B. (1976). The Ambidextrous Organization: Designing Dual Structures for Innovation, in Ralph H. Kilman, Louis R. Pondy, Dennis P. Slevin, eds. The Management of Organization Design. North-Holland, New York, 1: 167-188.
12. Gebauer, J., & Schober, F. (2006). Information System Flexibility and the Cost Efficiency of Business Processes. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 7(3): 122-146.
13. Goldhar, J. & D. Lei. (1995). Variety Is Free: Manufacturing in the Twenty-first Century. Academy of Management Executive, 9 (4): 73-86.
14. Goodhue, D. L., Wybo, M. D., & Kirsch, L. J. (1992). The Impact of Data Integration on the Costs and Benefits of Information Systems. MIS Quarterly, 16(3): 293-311.
15. Harris, M. L., Collins, R. W., & Hevner, A. R. (2009). Control of Flexible Software Development under Uncertainty. Information Systems Research, 20(3): 400-419, 478-479.
16. Hayes, R., & G. Pisano. (1994). Beyond World-class: The New Manufacturing Strategy. Howard Business Review, 73: 77-86.
17. Jørgensen, B., & Messner, M. (2009). Management Control in New Product Development: The Dynamics of Managing Flexibility and Efficiency. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 21: 99-124.
18. Kim, S. W. (2012). An Investigation of Information Technology Investments on Buyer-supplier Relationship and Supply Chain Dynamics. Asian Journal on Quality, 13(3): 250-267.
19. Kumar, R. L., & Stylianou, A. C. (2014). A Process Model for Analyzing and Managing Flexibility in Information Systems. European Journal of Information Systems, 23(2): 151-184.
20. Kurke, Lance B. (1988). Does Adaptation Preclude Adaptability? Strategy and Performance. L. G. Zucker, ed. Institutional Patterns and Organizations: Culture and Environment. Ballinger, Cambridge, MA: 199-222.
21. Leana, C. R., & Barry, B. (2000). Stability and Change as Simultaneous Experiences in Organizational Life. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4): 753-759.
22. Lee, C. Y. (2003). Total Manufacturing Information System: A conceptual model of a strategic tool for competitive advantage. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 14(2): 114-122.
23. Lei, D., M. Hitt, & J. Goldhar. (1996). Advanced Manufacturing Technology: Organizational Design and Strategic Flexibility. Organization Studies, 17 (3): 501-517.
24. Lu, Y. and Ramamurhy, K. (2011). Understanding the Link between Information Technology Capability and Organizational Agility: An Empirical Examination. MIS Quarterly, 35 (4): 931-954.
25. Minic, T., Petrovic, B., & Ilic, O. (2013). A New Approach to Integral Information System of a Company for Business and Sustainable Development. Amfiteatru Economic, 15: 769-783.
26. Mintzberg, Henry. (1979). The Structuring of Organizations. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
27. Moitra, D., & Ganesh, J. (2005). Web Services and Flexible Business Processes: Towards the Adaptive Enterprise. Information & Management, 42(7): 921-933.
28. Mukhina, A. S. (2015). International Concept of an Assessment of Internal Control Efficiency in the Conduct of an Audit. Asian Social Science, 11(8): 58-64.
29. Nicolaou, A. I. (2010). Integrated Information Systems and Transparency in Business Reporting. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 7(3): 216-226.
30. Noori, H., & Radford, R. (1995). Production and Operations Management: Total Quality and Responsiveness, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
31. Ouchi, W. (1977). The Relationship between Organizational Structure and Organizational Control. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(1): 95-113.
32. Ouchi, W. (1979). A Conceptual Framework for the Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms. Management Science, 25(9): 833-848.
33. Ouchi, W. (1980). Markets, Bureaucracies, and Clans. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25(1): 129-141.
34. Palanisamy, R., & Sushil. (2004). Measurement and Enablement of Information Systems for Organizational Flexibility: An Empirical Study. Journal of Services Research, 3(2): 81-103.
35. Pine, B. (1993). Mass Customization: The New Frontier in Business Competition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
36. Roberts, M., & Wood, M. (1997). The Use of Computerized Information Systems to Gain Strategic Competitive Advantage: The case of a start-up manufacturing company. Logistics Information Management, 10(4): 178-183.
37. Shang, S. C., & Liao, K. (2006). Understanding the Inflexibility of Process Integration. Proceedings of 12th Americas Conference on Information Systems AMCIS, Acapulco, Mexico.
38. Shaw, M. (1999). Customer Service, Cost Control Drive Information System Upgrades. Pulp & Paper, 73(4): 44-45.
39. Simons, R. (1990). The Role of Management Control Systems in Creating Competitive Advantage: New perspectives. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 15 (1/2): 127-43.
40. Singletary, L. A. (2003). Empirical Study of Attributes and Perceived Benefits of Applications Integration for Enterprise Systems. Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College.
41. Tushman, Michael L. (1997). Winning through Innovation. Strategy & Leadership, 25(4): 14-19
42. Upton, D. (1995). What Really Makes Factories Flexible? Harvard Business Review, 82: 74-84.
43. Zhang, M. J. (2006). IS Support for Strategic Flexibility, Environmental Dynamism, and Firm Performance. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18(1): 84-103.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理研究所
102356001
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102356001
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 尚孝純zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Shang, Shari S.C.en_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 劉瀚徽zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Liu, Han Huien_US
dc.creator (作者) 劉瀚徽zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Liu, Han Huien_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-十月-2015 14:12:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-十月-2015 14:12:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-十月-2015 14:12:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0102356001en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/78729-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102356001zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 現今企業廣泛地採用整合資訊系統，旨在能夠獲得多方面的效益，並且達到提升競爭力的最終目的。然而，由於不恰當的系統控制與彈性配置，無法實現期望成效的情況十分普遍。本研究延伸Adler和Borys於1996年對於強制性系統和實現性系統的討論至過度應用的情境，並在本作中以「過度控制」和「過度彈性」詮釋。

為了回答整合資訊系統過度控制和過度彈性之「何種」、「為何」、及「如何」等面向的研究問題，本作用下列四步驟建立研究方法。首先進行文獻探討，以獲得時常相互衝突的兩種系統設置之問題還有可行解決方案的基礎認知。第二，透過訪談五家企業進行多重個案研究，以增進對現實情況的洞見。第三，展開跨案例分析討論過往研究和實務案例之間的異同，最後，建立結論彙整與總結本研究的發現。

響應於我們的研究問題，本研究對大部分於過往研究中提及的問題皆有所發現，並且提出在不同情境中的幾種新式解決方案。這些解決方案可以分為系統設計、人員、以及政策等三方面探討。對於系統過度控制的案例，本研究提出在特定的情境中，系統有維持控制的必要，而在系統的觀點之外，員工責任的重新配置以及外部專家的支援亦可被視為可能的解決方式。至於系統過度彈性的案例，員工教育訓練必須與系統重新設計須並行，並且使用者需求以及彈性政策在早期的系統設計階段必須詳加檢視。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Nowadays, enterprises widely adopt integrated information systems to obtain various types of advantages for the ultimate goal of increased competitiveness; however, there are common circumstances under which the expected outcomes fail to be realized because of inappropriate control and flexibility system configurations. This research extends Adler and Borys’ 1996 discussion on coercive and enabling systems to situations of misuse, which is construed as over-control and over-flexibility in this work.

To shed light on our research questions of “what,” “why,” and “how” dimensions regarding integration system over-control and over-flexibility, this paper’s research method is established with the following four steps. First, a literature review is conducted to acquire a fundamental understanding to the issues and the possible resolving approaches regarding the two often contrary system configurations. Second, multiple case studies are carried out with five enterprise interviews to gain insight into real-world situations. Third, a cross-case analysis is continued to discuss the similarities and the differences between previous research and empirical cases, and finally, conclusion of this paper is built to aggregate and summarize our findings.

In response to our research questions, most of the problems that are discussed in previous studies are identified in our empirical cases, and several novel approaches to resolve the problems in different contexts are proposed as our findings, which could be discussed from the perspectives of system design, people, and policy. For system over-control cases, this paper proposes that in certain circumstances, system should remain control, and beside system perspectives, employee empowerment, responsibility redesign, and external experts’ support should also be considered as possible approaches. With regard to system over-flexibility cases, employee education should be carried out in parallel with system redesign, and user requirements and flexibility policy should be carefully reviewed at early system design stage.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements...I
Abstract...II
Contents...IV
Tables...V
1. Introduction...1
1.1 Research Background...1
1.2 Research Motivation and Objective...2
2. Literature Review...3
2.1 Integrated System Control and Flexibility...3
2.2 Control versus Over-Control...3
2.3 Flexibility versus Over-Flexibility...4
2.4 Conflicts between Integrated Information System Control and Flexibility...5
2.5 Balancing Control and Flexibility...7
3. Research Method...9
4. Cases Description...11
4-1. Telecom Co A...11
4-2. Telecom Co B...14
4-3. Software Co...16
4-4. Electricity Co...18
4-5. Manufacturing Co...20
5. Findings from Cross-case Analysis...21
5.1 Cross-case Analysis of Over-control Cases...21
5.2 Cross-case Analysis of Over-flexibility Cases...24
6. Conclusion...27
6.1 Summary...27
6.2 Contribution...28
6.3 Limitation and Future Research...28
References...29
Appendix 1...32		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 513166 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102356001en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 整合資訊系統zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 控制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 彈性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Integration information systemen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Controlen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Flexibilityen_US
dc.title (題名) 企業整合系統之設計原則分析：平衡管控和彈性zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Understanding the Design Principles of Enterprise Integration Systems: A Balance between Control and Flexibilityen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Adler, P. S., & B. Borys. (1996). Two Types of Bureaucracy: Enabling and Coercive. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 61-89.
2. Adler, P., B. Goldoftas, & D. Levine. (1999). Flexibility versus Efficiency? A Case Study of Model Changeovers in the Toyota Production System. Organization Science, 10 (1): 43-68.
3. Ahrens, T., & Chapman, C. S. (2004). Accounting for Flexibility and Efficiency: A Field Study of Management Control Systems in A Restaurant Chain. Contemporary Accounting Research, 21(2): 271-301.
4. Brown, S., & K. M. Eisenhardt. (1997). The Art of Continuous Change: Linking Complexity Theory and Time-paced Evolution in Relentlessly Shifting Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42 (1): 1-34.
5. Burns, T. & Stalker G. M. (1961). The Management of Innovation. Tavistock, London.
6. Chang, C. J., & King, W. R. (2005). Measuring the Performance of Information Systems: A functional scorecard. Journal of Management Information Systems, 22(1): 85-115.
7. Chase, R. & D. Garvin. (1989). The Service Factory. Harvard Business Review, 67 (4): 61-69.
8. Chen, R., Sun, C., Helms, M. M., & Jih, W. (2009). Factors Influencing Information System Flexibility: An Interpretive Flexibility Perspective. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems, 5(1): 32-43.
9. Chen, Z., & Li, L. (2013). Information Support Technologies of Integrated Production Planning and Control for OEM Driven Networked Manufacturing. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 26(4): 400-426.
10. Chenhall, R., & D. Morris. (1986). The Impact of Structure, Environment and Interdependence on the Perceived Usefulness of Management Accounting Systems. The Accounting Review, 61 (1): 16-35.
11. Duncan, R. B. (1976). The Ambidextrous Organization: Designing Dual Structures for Innovation, in Ralph H. Kilman, Louis R. Pondy, Dennis P. Slevin, eds. The Management of Organization Design. North-Holland, New York, 1: 167-188.
12. Gebauer, J., & Schober, F. (2006). Information System Flexibility and the Cost Efficiency of Business Processes. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 7(3): 122-146.
13. Goldhar, J. & D. Lei. (1995). Variety Is Free: Manufacturing in the Twenty-first Century. Academy of Management Executive, 9 (4): 73-86.
14. Goodhue, D. L., Wybo, M. D., & Kirsch, L. J. (1992). The Impact of Data Integration on the Costs and Benefits of Information Systems. MIS Quarterly, 16(3): 293-311.
15. Harris, M. L., Collins, R. W., & Hevner, A. R. (2009). Control of Flexible Software Development under Uncertainty. Information Systems Research, 20(3): 400-419, 478-479.
16. Hayes, R., & G. Pisano. (1994). Beyond World-class: The New Manufacturing Strategy. Howard Business Review, 73: 77-86.
17. Jørgensen, B., & Messner, M. (2009). Management Control in New Product Development: The Dynamics of Managing Flexibility and Efficiency. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 21: 99-124.
18. Kim, S. W. (2012). An Investigation of Information Technology Investments on Buyer-supplier Relationship and Supply Chain Dynamics. Asian Journal on Quality, 13(3): 250-267.
19. Kumar, R. L., & Stylianou, A. C. (2014). A Process Model for Analyzing and Managing Flexibility in Information Systems. European Journal of Information Systems, 23(2): 151-184.
20. Kurke, Lance B. (1988). Does Adaptation Preclude Adaptability? Strategy and Performance. L. G. Zucker, ed. Institutional Patterns and Organizations: Culture and Environment. Ballinger, Cambridge, MA: 199-222.
21. Leana, C. R., & Barry, B. (2000). Stability and Change as Simultaneous Experiences in Organizational Life. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, 25(4): 753-759.
22. Lee, C. Y. (2003). Total Manufacturing Information System: A conceptual model of a strategic tool for competitive advantage. Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 14(2): 114-122.
23. Lei, D., M. Hitt, & J. Goldhar. (1996). Advanced Manufacturing Technology: Organizational Design and Strategic Flexibility. Organization Studies, 17 (3): 501-517.
24. Lu, Y. and Ramamurhy, K. (2011). Understanding the Link between Information Technology Capability and Organizational Agility: An Empirical Examination. MIS Quarterly, 35 (4): 931-954.
25. Minic, T., Petrovic, B., & Ilic, O. (2013). A New Approach to Integral Information System of a Company for Business and Sustainable Development. Amfiteatru Economic, 15: 769-783.
26. Mintzberg, Henry. (1979). The Structuring of Organizations. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
27. Moitra, D., & Ganesh, J. (2005). Web Services and Flexible Business Processes: Towards the Adaptive Enterprise. Information & Management, 42(7): 921-933.
28. Mukhina, A. S. (2015). International Concept of an Assessment of Internal Control Efficiency in the Conduct of an Audit. Asian Social Science, 11(8): 58-64.
29. Nicolaou, A. I. (2010). Integrated Information Systems and Transparency in Business Reporting. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 7(3): 216-226.
30. Noori, H., & Radford, R. (1995). Production and Operations Management: Total Quality and Responsiveness, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
31. Ouchi, W. (1977). The Relationship between Organizational Structure and Organizational Control. Administrative Science Quarterly, 22(1): 95-113.
32. Ouchi, W. (1979). A Conceptual Framework for the Design of Organizational Control Mechanisms. Management Science, 25(9): 833-848.
33. Ouchi, W. (1980). Markets, Bureaucracies, and Clans. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25(1): 129-141.
34. Palanisamy, R., & Sushil. (2004). Measurement and Enablement of Information Systems for Organizational Flexibility: An Empirical Study. Journal of Services Research, 3(2): 81-103.
35. Pine, B. (1993). Mass Customization: The New Frontier in Business Competition. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
36. Roberts, M., & Wood, M. (1997). The Use of Computerized Information Systems to Gain Strategic Competitive Advantage: The case of a start-up manufacturing company. Logistics Information Management, 10(4): 178-183.
37. Shang, S. C., & Liao, K. (2006). Understanding the Inflexibility of Process Integration. Proceedings of 12th Americas Conference on Information Systems AMCIS, Acapulco, Mexico.
38. Shaw, M. (1999). Customer Service, Cost Control Drive Information System Upgrades. Pulp & Paper, 73(4): 44-45.
39. Simons, R. (1990). The Role of Management Control Systems in Creating Competitive Advantage: New perspectives. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 15 (1/2): 127-43.
40. Singletary, L. A. (2003). Empirical Study of Attributes and Perceived Benefits of Applications Integration for Enterprise Systems. Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College.
41. Tushman, Michael L. (1997). Winning through Innovation. Strategy & Leadership, 25(4): 14-19
42. Upton, D. (1995). What Really Makes Factories Flexible? Harvard Business Review, 82: 74-84.
43. Zhang, M. J. (2006). IS Support for Strategic Flexibility, Environmental Dynamism, and Firm Performance. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18(1): 84-103.		zh_TW