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題名 威權體制與抗爭政治:中國大陸城市基層選舉中的政治挑戰2003-2012
Authoritarian Regime and Contentious Political: The Electoral Challenge in Urban China 2003-2012作者 陳奕伶 貢獻者 陳陸輝
陳奕伶關鍵詞 居委會直選
抗爭政治
資源動員論
選舉競爭
Direct Election in Residential Committee
Contentious Politics
Resource Mobilization Theory
Electoral Competition日期 2015 上傳時間 2-十一月-2015 14:58:08 (UTC+8) 摘要 自1990年代中起國大陸經濟發展欣欣向榮之際,城市治理議題則圍繞在國家如何平抑發展中可能的基層動亂。本研究選取中國大陸經濟發展前沿城市的上海基層社區--居民委員會選舉作為觀察主題,直接選舉的推動是否會影響社區政治中黨國的單一獨斷?學習效果(learning effects)的理論預設是,隨著選舉演練次數和民眾政治參與的增加,會引發「批判公民」(critical citizens)意識的興起。這樣的理論預設是否能在上海基層選舉中看到? 本研究觀察2003年到2012年的居委會換屆選舉。發現近年來,社區民眾對黨國的挑戰並未因為選舉限制的不斷增強而退卻,反之,民眾會利用選舉過程來挑戰官方威權或是作為社區事務發聲的管道。社區民眾如何在嚴酷的制度環境中發起對當權者的政治挑戰?本文將從居委會選舉中的選舉競爭,分析民眾挑戰執政當權所使用的資源稟賦。最後,通過基層競選觀察獲得的啟發是,民眾權利意識的提升,使得黨國忠誠不再凌駕一切。開放直接選舉的制度效果,如現代化理論所昭示的,存在學習效應並且在中產階級社區最為明顯。
Undergoing the dramatic development of economic and social change in China, local governments pay great strength on the issue of governance for preventing any potential contentious activities. Facing the challenges of local governance, the Chinese governments adopt “Direct elections" for reducing the tension between state and society. In Urban city, direct elections as an important political reform, have been initiated in Residential Committee. Under the CCP party-state system, the local elections have been under severe surveillance. The negative result sharply deduces citizens’ political efficacy, especially on the manner of the participating in voting and political confidence towards local governments. However, in recent years, we observed that some Residential Committees in Shanghai experienced electoral competitions. In these cases, citizens organized the campaign to challenge the authority. The main questions are below: why Chinese people challenge the local authority? And how do they mobilize the campaign? Finally, how should we evaluate these political subjects? 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國立政治大學
東亞研究所
96260503資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096260503 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳陸輝 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 陳奕伶 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) 陳奕伶 zh_TW dc.date (日期) 2015 en_US dc.date.accessioned 2-十一月-2015 14:58:08 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 2-十一月-2015 14:58:08 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-十一月-2015 14:58:08 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) G0096260503 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/79248 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 東亞研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 96260503 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 自1990年代中起國大陸經濟發展欣欣向榮之際,城市治理議題則圍繞在國家如何平抑發展中可能的基層動亂。本研究選取中國大陸經濟發展前沿城市的上海基層社區--居民委員會選舉作為觀察主題,直接選舉的推動是否會影響社區政治中黨國的單一獨斷?學習效果(learning effects)的理論預設是,隨著選舉演練次數和民眾政治參與的增加,會引發「批判公民」(critical citizens)意識的興起。這樣的理論預設是否能在上海基層選舉中看到? 本研究觀察2003年到2012年的居委會換屆選舉。發現近年來,社區民眾對黨國的挑戰並未因為選舉限制的不斷增強而退卻,反之,民眾會利用選舉過程來挑戰官方威權或是作為社區事務發聲的管道。社區民眾如何在嚴酷的制度環境中發起對當權者的政治挑戰?本文將從居委會選舉中的選舉競爭,分析民眾挑戰執政當權所使用的資源稟賦。最後,通過基層競選觀察獲得的啟發是,民眾權利意識的提升,使得黨國忠誠不再凌駕一切。開放直接選舉的制度效果,如現代化理論所昭示的,存在學習效應並且在中產階級社區最為明顯。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Undergoing the dramatic development of economic and social change in China, local governments pay great strength on the issue of governance for preventing any potential contentious activities. Facing the challenges of local governance, the Chinese governments adopt “Direct elections" for reducing the tension between state and society. In Urban city, direct elections as an important political reform, have been initiated in Residential Committee. Under the CCP party-state system, the local elections have been under severe surveillance. The negative result sharply deduces citizens’ political efficacy, especially on the manner of the participating in voting and political confidence towards local governments. However, in recent years, we observed that some Residential Committees in Shanghai experienced electoral competitions. In these cases, citizens organized the campaign to challenge the authority. The main questions are below: why Chinese people challenge the local authority? And how do they mobilize the campaign? Finally, how should we evaluate these political subjects? Based on these experiences, I conclude that the social-economical development may bring positive consequences on Chinese political reform. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 目次表次 i圖次 ii摘要 iii 第一章 導論 第一節 研究緣起 2 第二節 居委會直選文獻 4 第三節 議題困境 9 第四節 研究問題 11 第五節 論文架構 13 第二章 抗爭政治的分析途徑 第一節 社會運動論的三種解釋途徑 15 第二節 抗爭政治分析架構 21 第三節 抗爭政治的中國論述 25 第四節 小結 26 第三章 研究設計 第一節 研究架構與說明 29 第二節 研究變數 33 第三節 類型說明 35 第四節 研究方法 38 第四章 菁英分裂:突破基層政權的防火牆 第一節 政治菁英分裂與社會結盟 43 第二節 「內外結盟」的競選案例 44 第三節 案例分析 56 第五章 中層菁英:遭瓦解的競選挑戰 第一節 第二層權力網絡的行動特徵 63 第二節 低政治稟賦的競選挑戰案例 65 第三節 案例分析與討論 71 第六章 來自底層的挑戰:社區衝突與競選參與 第一節 缺乏政治資源的抗爭行動 79 第二節 居委會選舉和社區抗爭 80 第三節 社區抗爭與居委會選舉的資源動員分析 86 第三節 社區抗爭對基層政治的影響 91 第七章 抗爭競選中的社區網絡 第一節 社區網絡的特徵與互動模式 95 第二節 直選如何創造動員空間 103 第三節 歷屆選舉對社區網絡的功效意識影響 106 第四節 影響網絡動員支持/背離的因素分析 111 第八章 結論 第一節 研究發現 117 第二節 國家社會關係與居委會選舉 122 第三節 研究限制與未來展望 124 附錄一 調查社區資料彙整 127附錄二 訪談記錄一覽表 131附錄三 訪談提綱 134參考文獻 137 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2619155 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096260503 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 居委會直選 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 抗爭政治 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資源動員論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 選舉競爭 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Direct Election in Residential Committee en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Contentious Politics en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Resource Mobilization Theory en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Electoral Competition en_US dc.title (題名) 威權體制與抗爭政治:中國大陸城市基層選舉中的政治挑戰2003-2012 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Authoritarian Regime and Contentious Political: The Electoral Challenge in Urban China 2003-2012 en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 于建嶸,2010。抗爭性政治:中國政治社會學基本問題。北京:人民出版社。于顯洋,2005。「社區選舉與民主化進程」,江蘇行政學院學報,2005(5):69- 75。王邦佐等,2003。居委會與社區治理:城市社區居民委員會組織研究。上海: 上海人民出版社。王振寰,1989。「台灣的政治轉型與反對運動」,台灣社會研究季刊,2(1):71- 116。王信賢,2007。「官僚競爭下的市場中介組織:當代中國『國家-社會』關係新 詮,徐斯儉、吳玉山編,黨國蛻變:中共政權的菁英與政策。台北:五南:267- 301。王甫昌,1997。「結構限制、運動參與、與異議性意識:台灣民眾政黨支持的社 會結構基礎初探」,收於張苙雲、呂玉瑕、王甫昌編,九○年代的台灣社會: 社會變遷基本調查研究系列二。台北:中央研究院社會學研究所籌備處。 頁 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