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題名 農地重劃能阻止農地細碎化與違規使用嗎? —台南市八老爺重劃區之實證分析
Can Farmland Consolidation stop the Fragmentation and Illegal Use of Farmland? An Empirical Study of Ba Lao Ye Farmland Consolidation Project
作者 邱鈺婷
Chiu, Yu Ting
貢獻者 林子欽<br>丁秀吟
Lin, Tzu Chin<br>Ding, Hsiu Yin
邱鈺婷
Chiu, Yu Ting
關鍵詞 農地細碎化
農地重劃
農地違規使用
規模報酬遞增
farmland fragmentation
farmland consolidation
illegal use of farmland
increasing returns to scale
日期 2015
上傳時間 1-Mar-2016 10:47:51 (UTC+8)
摘要 農地面積的大小,對於農業經營成本與耕作效率的影響甚鉅。根據規模報酬遞增法則,單筆土地面積愈大,機械化耕作的農地生產效率就會提高;相對地,其農業經營單位成本就會愈低。然而,由於社會經濟環境的變遷,導致了農地被分割情形增加,單筆農地面積越來越小。因此,實施農地重劃最主要目的在於農地本身型態的調整,其重劃內容包含細碎坵塊之合併(每坵塊面積擴大與標準化)等等。但是,隨著時間遞嬗,已完成農地重劃地區可能再面臨農地細碎問題,使得農地重劃目標與效益無法彰顯。故本研究目的在評估「農地重劃對於整合/擴大農地規模之成果」以及「農地產權關係處理與農地面積的關聯性」,並探討「農地重劃後優良農地違規使用的問題」。
本研究選定台南市柳營區八老爺農地重劃區作為研究地區。為檢視台灣農地細分問題,本研究第一階段首先進行農地細碎程度的衡量,利用Januszewski Index與Gini係數等2項指標加以分析本研究地區農地重劃前後至現今之農地細碎程度。並將研究期間分為重劃前、重劃後與現況。最後,分析「購買農地違規興建工廠使用」與「購買丁種建築用地合法興建工廠使用」之成本差異,藉此得知農地違規使用所需付出的代價如何。
研究結果可發現,本研究地區實施農地重劃後達到整合農地面積平均化之效果,但未達到面積擴大效果。此地區於民國76年(農地重劃後)到民國103年止,其Januszewski Index皆反映出農地平均面積於實施重劃後變小、更加細分,並無實現當初農地重劃政策之擴大面積目標。另外,Gini係數最大值出現在民國75年(農地重劃前),最小值出現在民國76年到民國81年,顯示農地重劃後農地面積分配平均。但就整體分析可知,實施農地重劃後各筆農地面積雖分配平均,但農地細分情形並未獲改善,反而至今更加嚴重,導致農地重劃擴大農地面積之效益難以顯現。而在產權分析方面,農地重劃確實簡化產權共有關係。在此分析中,農地重劃後共有農地總筆數與總面積的比例下降許多,且農地重劃後所有權總人數大幅減少,產權型態大多為單獨所有,這也顯示出實施農地重劃確實能達到產權關係簡化的效益。最後,可發現實施農地重劃後之地區其違規使用成本低廉,藉由「購買農地違規建工廠使用」與「購買丁種建築用地合法建工廠使用」之成本差異分析,可發現農地違規使用所需付出成本很低,亦顯示實施農地重劃後,本區域之農業生產環境將因遭受破壞而變得更差。
因此,本研究建議政府應建立農地重劃土地登記資料,並在實施農地重劃時設立主要與次要目標,最後透過制度設計來提高違規使用成本,以保護這些經政府投入大量設施改良之優良農地不會遭受破壞、流失。
The size of farmland has a strong effect on the operating costs of agriculture and farming. According to the law of increasing returns to scale, when a parcel of land becomes larger, it will be easier to farm using machines to reduce its average production cost. However, following the changes in the socio-economic environment, farmland tends to be split, and becomes smaller and smaller in size. Therefore, the main purpose of farmland consolidation is to reconfigure farmland into well-shaped parcels. However, as time goes by, farmland in the consolidation areas may face fragmentation problem again which causes farming difficult to achieve scale economies. Therefore, this study aims to assess "the effect of farmland consolidation / land scale increase "and" the connection between farmland ownership and farmland scale, and also to discuss "illegal use of land that follows farmland consolidation. "
We selected Ba Lao Ye farmland consolidation project in Tainan as the study area. We divided study periods into “before consolidation”, “after consolidation” and “the current state”. In order to examine the issue, we must first understand the fragmentation degree of farmland. Januszewski Index and Gini coefficient are employed to measure the level of farmland fragmentation before and after farmland consolidation. We then analyze the difference in costs between "illegal to factory on the farmland “and “legal factory on the designated industrial zone", to learn the economic incentive of violating land use regulations.
The results clearly show that farmland consolidation projects can equalize farmland size among parcels, but is not able to increase their average size. Between 1987 and 2014, the Januszewski Index indicates that average size of farmland has become smaller and configuration even more broken after farmland consolidation. Furthermore, Gini coefficient was at the maximum in 1986 (before consolidation), and minimum during 1987 to 1992. Those figures overall show that farmland was allocated equally in size after farmland consolidation, but afterwards the problem of fragmentation was still present and even getting worse over time. As far as ownership structure is concerned, farmland consolidation can actually simplify the complexity of joint-ownership. Implementation of farmland consolidation, has reduce the total area of farmland in joint-ownership and the number of joint-owners by which to achieve the economic benefits of a simplified structure of single ownership in farmland. Finally, “illegal factory on the farmland “was found to incur low costs than “legal factory in a designated industrial zone”. The large difference in production costs suggests that agricultural production in this kind of area may suffer contamination due to environmental deterioration.
In conclusion, this study suggests that the government should establish the ad hoc land registration information system for farmland consolidation areas, and establish primary and secondary objectives for them. Lastly, design of a new institution may raise the hurdle costs of converting farmland into other uses so as to prevent the loss of high-quality farmland.
參考文獻 中文文獻
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13. 高前善,2007,「農業規模經濟丶農業生產方式與我國農地狹小經營的根源與出路」,『生產力研究』,2:23-49。
14. 高源平,1984,「臺灣實施農地重劃的檢討」,『人與地』3:33-34。
15. 張昌鈴,2013,「農地重劃區節能減碳工法應用成效檢析之研究」,國立中興大學土木工程學系研究所碩士論文:台中。
16. 張莉雯,2011,「自給率下降 糧食危機浮現」,『喀報』, 125。
17. 張清溪、許嘉棟、劉鶯釧、吳聰敏,2004,「經濟學—理論與實際」,台北:翰蘆圖書出版有限公司。
18. 張桂霖,1984,「淺談農地重劃目標之提昇」,『人與地』,台北:中國土地改革協會人與地雜誌社。
19. 張維一、張桂霖,1984,「實施農地重劃」,『地政十年叢書』7,台北:內政部。
20. 華民,1984,「臺灣實施農地重劃的檢討」,『人與地』3:35-41。
21. 陳世芳,2013,「臺中地區稻作大佃農擴大經營規模效益之研究」,『研究報告』。
22. 陳意昌、李明儒、鄧英慧、黃俊仁,2003,「農地重劃對景觀結構變遷之研究」,『水土保持學報』,35(1):1-18。
23. 陳意昌,2004,「農地重劃地區土地利用與景觀變遷之研究」,中興大學水土保持學系研究所博士論文:台中。
24. 陳傳波、丁士軍,2001,「農戶風險處理策略分析」,『農業現代化研究』,22(6):346-349。
25. 黃方欣,2013,「反共有財是悲劇嗎?—土地產權的實證結果」,政治大學地政研究所碩士論文:台北。
26. 傅鈺秀,1995,「台灣農地重劃效益評估之研究」,國立中興大學農業經濟研究所碩士論文:台中。
27. 趙岡,2008,「中國傳統農村的地權分配」,『漢學研究』,26(4):311-320。
28. 臺灣省地政局,1964,「台灣農地重劃」,出版地不詳:臺灣省地政局。
29. 臺灣省政府地政處,1987,「台灣省加速完成農地重劃五年計畫評估報告」,台中:臺灣省政府地政處。
30. 劉瑞煌,2002,「台灣之農地重劃」,『土地問題研究季刊』,1(4):24-32
31. 顏愛靜,1991,「農地租佃制度與擴大農場經營規模之關聯分析」,『經法社制論叢』,7:201-223。
32. 顏愛靜,2003,「農地管理與違規使用問題之研究」,行政院農業委員會委託科技計畫研究報告。
33. 顧益康,1984,「農業規模經濟初探」,『经济研究』,8:49-52。
英文文獻
34. Ali, F., Parikh, A. and Shah, M. K., 1996, Measurement of economic efficiency using the behavioral and stochastic cost frontier approach, Journal of Policy Modeling 18:271-287.
35. Bentley, W., 1987, Economic and ecological approaches to land fragmentation: In defence of a much-maligened phenomenon. Annual Review of Anthropology 16: 31-67.
36. Demetris, D., 2014, The Development of an Integrated Planning and Decision Support System (IPDSS) for Land Consolidation, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, School of Geography, University of Leeds, UK:Springer Theses.
37. Guang, H. Wan and Enjiang, Cheng, 2001, “Effects of Land Fragmentation and Returns to Scale in the Chinese Farming Sector”, Applied Economics, 33:183-194.
38. Jabarin, A.S. and Epplin, F. M., 1994, “Impacts of Land Fragmentation on the Cost of Producing Wheat in the Rain–fed Region of Northern Jordan”, Agricultural Economics, 11:191–196.
39. Kentaro, K., 2010, “The Costs and Benefits of Land Fragmentation of Rice Farms in Japan”, The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 54:509–526.
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42. Rahman, S., and Rahman, M., 2009, “Impact of Land Fragmentation and Resource Ownership on Productivity and Efficiency: The Case of Rice Producers in Bangladesh”, Land Use Policy, 26(1):95-103.
43. Tan, S., 2005, Land Fragmentation and Rice Production: a Case Study of Small Farms in Jiangxi Province, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Wageningen, The Netherlands.
44. Tan, S., Heerink, N., Kruseman, G. and Qu, F., 2008, “Do Fragmented Landholdings have Higher Production Costs? Evidence from Rice Farmers in Northeastern Jiangxi Province”, China Economic Review, 19:347–358.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
地政學系
102257003
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102257003
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林子欽<br>丁秀吟zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Tzu Chin<br>Ding, Hsiu Yinen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 邱鈺婷zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiu, Yu Tingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 邱鈺婷zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiu, Yu Tingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Mar-2016 10:47:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Mar-2016 10:47:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Mar-2016 10:47:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102257003en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/81562-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 地政學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102257003zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 農地面積的大小,對於農業經營成本與耕作效率的影響甚鉅。根據規模報酬遞增法則,單筆土地面積愈大,機械化耕作的農地生產效率就會提高;相對地,其農業經營單位成本就會愈低。然而,由於社會經濟環境的變遷,導致了農地被分割情形增加,單筆農地面積越來越小。因此,實施農地重劃最主要目的在於農地本身型態的調整,其重劃內容包含細碎坵塊之合併(每坵塊面積擴大與標準化)等等。但是,隨著時間遞嬗,已完成農地重劃地區可能再面臨農地細碎問題,使得農地重劃目標與效益無法彰顯。故本研究目的在評估「農地重劃對於整合/擴大農地規模之成果」以及「農地產權關係處理與農地面積的關聯性」,並探討「農地重劃後優良農地違規使用的問題」。
本研究選定台南市柳營區八老爺農地重劃區作為研究地區。為檢視台灣農地細分問題,本研究第一階段首先進行農地細碎程度的衡量,利用Januszewski Index與Gini係數等2項指標加以分析本研究地區農地重劃前後至現今之農地細碎程度。並將研究期間分為重劃前、重劃後與現況。最後,分析「購買農地違規興建工廠使用」與「購買丁種建築用地合法興建工廠使用」之成本差異,藉此得知農地違規使用所需付出的代價如何。
研究結果可發現,本研究地區實施農地重劃後達到整合農地面積平均化之效果,但未達到面積擴大效果。此地區於民國76年(農地重劃後)到民國103年止,其Januszewski Index皆反映出農地平均面積於實施重劃後變小、更加細分,並無實現當初農地重劃政策之擴大面積目標。另外,Gini係數最大值出現在民國75年(農地重劃前),最小值出現在民國76年到民國81年,顯示農地重劃後農地面積分配平均。但就整體分析可知,實施農地重劃後各筆農地面積雖分配平均,但農地細分情形並未獲改善,反而至今更加嚴重,導致農地重劃擴大農地面積之效益難以顯現。而在產權分析方面,農地重劃確實簡化產權共有關係。在此分析中,農地重劃後共有農地總筆數與總面積的比例下降許多,且農地重劃後所有權總人數大幅減少,產權型態大多為單獨所有,這也顯示出實施農地重劃確實能達到產權關係簡化的效益。最後,可發現實施農地重劃後之地區其違規使用成本低廉,藉由「購買農地違規建工廠使用」與「購買丁種建築用地合法建工廠使用」之成本差異分析,可發現農地違規使用所需付出成本很低,亦顯示實施農地重劃後,本區域之農業生產環境將因遭受破壞而變得更差。
因此,本研究建議政府應建立農地重劃土地登記資料,並在實施農地重劃時設立主要與次要目標,最後透過制度設計來提高違規使用成本,以保護這些經政府投入大量設施改良之優良農地不會遭受破壞、流失。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The size of farmland has a strong effect on the operating costs of agriculture and farming. According to the law of increasing returns to scale, when a parcel of land becomes larger, it will be easier to farm using machines to reduce its average production cost. However, following the changes in the socio-economic environment, farmland tends to be split, and becomes smaller and smaller in size. Therefore, the main purpose of farmland consolidation is to reconfigure farmland into well-shaped parcels. However, as time goes by, farmland in the consolidation areas may face fragmentation problem again which causes farming difficult to achieve scale economies. Therefore, this study aims to assess "the effect of farmland consolidation / land scale increase "and" the connection between farmland ownership and farmland scale, and also to discuss "illegal use of land that follows farmland consolidation. "
We selected Ba Lao Ye farmland consolidation project in Tainan as the study area. We divided study periods into “before consolidation”, “after consolidation” and “the current state”. In order to examine the issue, we must first understand the fragmentation degree of farmland. Januszewski Index and Gini coefficient are employed to measure the level of farmland fragmentation before and after farmland consolidation. We then analyze the difference in costs between "illegal to factory on the farmland “and “legal factory on the designated industrial zone", to learn the economic incentive of violating land use regulations.
The results clearly show that farmland consolidation projects can equalize farmland size among parcels, but is not able to increase their average size. Between 1987 and 2014, the Januszewski Index indicates that average size of farmland has become smaller and configuration even more broken after farmland consolidation. Furthermore, Gini coefficient was at the maximum in 1986 (before consolidation), and minimum during 1987 to 1992. Those figures overall show that farmland was allocated equally in size after farmland consolidation, but afterwards the problem of fragmentation was still present and even getting worse over time. As far as ownership structure is concerned, farmland consolidation can actually simplify the complexity of joint-ownership. Implementation of farmland consolidation, has reduce the total area of farmland in joint-ownership and the number of joint-owners by which to achieve the economic benefits of a simplified structure of single ownership in farmland. Finally, “illegal factory on the farmland “was found to incur low costs than “legal factory in a designated industrial zone”. The large difference in production costs suggests that agricultural production in this kind of area may suffer contamination due to environmental deterioration.
In conclusion, this study suggests that the government should establish the ad hoc land registration information system for farmland consolidation areas, and establish primary and secondary objectives for them. Lastly, design of a new institution may raise the hurdle costs of converting farmland into other uses so as to prevent the loss of high-quality farmland.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與研究目的 1
第二節 章節安排與研究流程 5
第二章 文獻回顧 7
第一節 農地細碎對農業生產之衝擊 7
第二節 農地規模報酬遞增與規模經濟理論 11
第三節 農地重劃效益探討 16
第三章 研究設計 23
第一節 研究範圍與研究期間 23
第二節 研究方法 29
第三節 資料說明 32
第四章 實證結果與分析 37
第一節 農地細碎程度分析 37
第二節 農地重劃後農業生產環境分析 50
第五章 結論與建議 57
第一節 結論 57
第二節 未來研究與政策建議 59
參考資料 61
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dc.format.extent 2946207 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102257003en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 農地細碎化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 農地重劃zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 農地違規使用zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 規模報酬遞增zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) farmland fragmentationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) farmland consolidationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) illegal use of farmlanden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) increasing returns to scaleen_US
dc.title (題名) 農地重劃能阻止農地細碎化與違規使用嗎? —台南市八老爺重劃區之實證分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Can Farmland Consolidation stop the Fragmentation and Illegal Use of Farmland? An Empirical Study of Ba Lao Ye Farmland Consolidation Projecten_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻
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