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題名 西非國家經濟共同體在賴比瑞亞的維持和平行動(peacekeeping operation)，1990-1997
Ecowas Peacekeeping Operation in Liberia, 1990-1997
作者 阿敏
Amin, Ibrahim Muhammad
貢獻者 周煦
David Chou, S.
阿敏
Ibrahim Muhammad Amin
關鍵詞 維護和平行動
Ecowas Peacekeeping
日期 2000
上傳時間 31-三月-2016 16:46:44 (UTC+8)
摘要 第一章 維持和平、強制和平、調停、以及強制外交：概念與定義
參考文獻 DOCUMENTS:\r\nBoutros-Ghali, Boutros. An Agenda for Peace UN Doc. A/47/277-S/24111 17 June 1992.\r\n______________________. Report of the Secretary General on Liberia, UN Security Council Doc. S/26422, 9 September 1993.\r\nDepartment of Information of ECOWAS. “The Community at a Glance”, reprinted in West Africa, (19 October –1 November 1998).\r\nECOWAS Decision A/Dec./8/90, Lagos. See also Ghana’s People’s Daily Graphic (Accra), August 3 1990.\r\n_________. Decision A/Dec.18/90, Article II.\r\n_________. Final Report of the ECOWAS Standing Mediation Committee Ministerial Meeting, Freetown, 5-20 July 1990, ECW/SMC/FM/90/3/ Rev. 1, 1990.\r\nThe ECOWAS Charter, Article 2, Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States, May 28 1975. Article 2, 14 I.L.M. 1200.\r\nMalu, Victor. ECOMOG Force Commander, a report given at the IPA Seminar on Peacemaking and Peacekeeping, Addis Ababa, December 1996.\r\nNote by the President of the Security Council. UN Doc. S/22133 (1991).\r\nProtocol Relating to Mutual Assistance on Defense. A/SP3/5/81. Reprinted in Journal of ECOWAS (1981).\r\nProtocol on Non-Aggression. reprinted in West Africa, (May 25 1981), p.1153.\r\nUnited Nations. ‘Supplement to An Agenda for Peace: Position Paper of the Secretary General on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations’, UN Doc. A/50/60, S/1995/1 (January 1995).\r\nBOOKS:\r\nAgetua, Nkem. Operation Liberty: The Story of Major General Joshua Nimyel Dogonyaro. Lagos: Hona Communications, 1992.\r\nArmon, Jeremy. and Andy Carl, eds. “The Liberian Peace Process, 1990 – 1996,” Accord : an International Review of Peace Initiatives, 1 (1996). Conciliation Resources, London.\r\nCraig, Gordon A. and George L. Alexander. Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our time, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.\r\nEllis, Stephen. The Mask of Anarchy : The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War. London: Hurst and Company, 1999.\r\nGeorge, L. Alexander. Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace,1993.\r\nHuband, Mark. The Liberian Civil War. London: Frank Cass, 1998.\r\nInternational Peace Academy. Peacekeeper’s Handbook. New York: Pergamon Press, 1984.\r\nPelcovits, Nathan, “Peacekeeping: The African Experience” in Henry Wiseman ed., peacekeeping: appraisals & proposals. New York: International Peace Academy, 1983.\r\nRamazani, R.K. The Gulf Cooperation Council: Record and Analysis. Charlottesville. N.C.: University of North Carolina Press,1998.\r\nPERIODICALS\r\nAbdullah, Ibrahim. “Bush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front/ Sierra Leone.” Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 36, No. 2 (1998), pp.203-235.\r\nAdekeye, Adebayo. “Richman’s War, Poor Man’s War.” The World Today, Vol. 52, Nos 8-9 (August- September 1996), pp.222-225.\r\nAdeleke, Ademola. “The Politics and Diplomacy of Peacekeeping in West Africa: Ecowas Operation in Liberia.” Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 33, No. 4 (December 1995): pp.569-593.\r\nAdibe, E. Clement. “The Liberian Conflict and the ECOWAS-UN Partnership.” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3 (June 1997), pp. 471-488.\r\nAlagappa, Muthiah. “Regional Institutions, the UN and International Security: a framework for analysis.” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3. (June 1997), pp. 421-441.\r\nDobbie, Charles. “ A Concept for Post-Cold War Peacekeeping.” Survival, Vol. 36, No.3 (Autumn 1994), pp.121-148.\r\nFisher, David. “The Ethics of Intervention.” Survival, Vol. 36, No.1 (Spring 1994), pp. 51-59.\r\nGoulding, Marrack. “The United Nations and Conflict in Africa Since the Cold War,” African Affairs, Vol.98, No.391 (April 1999), pp.155-166.\r\nGuicherd, Catherine. “International Law and the War in Kosovo.” Survival, Vol.41, No.2 (Summer 1999), pp. 19-34.\r\nHoffman, Stanley. “The Politics and Ethics of Military Intervention.” Survival, Vol.37, No.4 (Winter 1995-96), pp.29-51.\r\nKeesing’s Record of World Events. Vol. 37, No.6 (1995), p.39548.\r\nKeesing’s Record of World Events. “Liberia: 1991 Overview.” Volume 38, Reference Supplement, p. R14.\r\nKeesing’s Record of World Events. “Liberia: 1992 Overview.” Volume 39, Reference Supplement , p.R14.\r\nKeesing’s Record of World Events. “Liberia: 1993 Overview.” Volume 40, Reference Supplement, p.R16.\r\nKeesing’s Record of World Events. “Liberia: 1994 Key Events.” Volume 41, Reference Supplement, p. R19.\r\nKeohane, O. Robert. and Lisa Martin. “The Promise of Institutionalist Theory.” International Security, Vol. 20, No.1 ( Summer 1995), pp.35-51.\r\nKhosla, Deepa. “Third World states as Intervenors in Ethnic Conflicts: implications for regional and international security.” Third World Quarterly, Vol.20, No.6 (December 1999), pp.1143-1156.\r\nKodjoe, Ofuatey. W. “Regional Organizations and the Resolution of Internal Conflicts: the ECOWAS intervention in Liberia.” International Peacekeeping, Vol.1, No.3 (May-June 1994), pp.261-302.\r\nLyons, Terrence. “Liberia’s Path From Anarchy To Elections.” Current History, Vol. 97, No.619 (May 1998), pp.231-232.\r\nMortimer, Robert A. “Senegal’s Role in ECOMOG : The Francophone Dimension in the Liberian Crisis.” Journal Modern African Studies , Vol. 34, No.2 (1996), pp.293-306.\r\nNew Democrat. “Will ECOMOG Leave?,” Vol. 1 No. 29 (16-22 June 1994), p.1.\r\nOfodile, Anthony Chukwukah. “Recent Development: The Legality of ECOWAS intervention in Liberia.” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol.32, No.2 (1994), pp.381-418.\r\nOmach, Paul. “The African Crisis Response Initiative: Domestic Politics and Convergence of National Interests.” African Affairs, Vol.99, No.394 (January 2000), pp.73-95.\r\nPeterson, Dave. “Liberia: Crying for Freedom.” Journal of Democracy, Vol.7, No.2 (April 1996), pp. 148-158.\r\nPruit, Dean G. “Ethnic Conflicts : The Tactics of Third Party Intervention.” Orbis, Vol. 44, No.2 (Spring 2000), pp.245-254.\r\nReno, William. “Reinvention of an African Patrimonial State: Charles Taylor’s Liberia.” Third World Quarterly, Vol.16, No.1 (February 1995), pp.109-120.\r\nRiley, Stephen. “Liberia and Sierra Leone: Anarchy or Peace in West Africa?” Conflict Studies, No.287 (February 1996), pp.1-28.\r\nRudolph Jr, Joseph R. “Intervention in Communal Conflicts.” Orbis, Vol. 36, No.2 (Spring 1995), pp.259-273.\r\nSeroo, Didier. interview with Samuel Kofi Woods in International Samenwerking, reprinted in African Affairs, Vol. 99, No.394 (January 2000) , pp. 97-111.\r\nTai, Wan-Chin. “US Intervention in March 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis: Interpretation from the Model of Coercive Diplomacy.” Tamkang Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 2, No.1 (March 1998), pp.1-15.\r\nTarr, S. Byron. “The ECOMOG Initiative in Liberia: A Liberian Perspective.” Issue: A Journal of Opinion, Vol. 21, Nos.1-2 (1993), pp. 79-80.\r\nTharoor, Shashi. “Should UN Peacekeeping Go ‘Back to Basics?” Survival, Vol. 37, No.4 ( Winter 1995-95), p.52-64.\r\nZartman, I. William. “Ethnic Conflicts: Mediating Conflicts of Need, Greed and Creed.” Orbis, Vol. 44, No.2 (Spring 2000), pp.255-266.\r\nMAGAZINES:\r\nAdekeye, Adebayo. “Farewell To Arms?” West Africa (25-31 December 1995 & 1-7 January 1996), pp. 1993-1994.\r\nAdekeye, Adebayo. “Two Weddings and a Funeral.” West Africa (6-12 January 1997), pp.22-23.\r\nAdeniji, Olu. interview in West Africa (13-19 March 2000), pp. 13-15.\r\nAjulo, Sunday Babalola. “From Berlin To Lagos I.” West Africa (August 5-11 1996), pp.1247-1248.\r\n_________. “From Berlin To Lagos II.” West Africa (August 12-18 1996), pp. 1272-1273.\r\nAnkomah, Baffour. “With Taylor Inside Liberia.” New African (October 1999), pp.12-13.\r\n_________. “The Liberian Challenge.” New African (November 1990), p.13.\r\n_________. “UN Taking Sides in Liberia.” New African (November 1993), pp.16-17.\r\n_________. “Liberia: The First 100 Days.” New African Special Report (December 1997), pp.6-9.\r\nAsante, Ben. “The ECOMOG Miracle.” West Africa (March 24-30 1997), pp. 462-469.\r\n_________. “Faction Leaders Promise Peace.” West Africa ( 27 January- 2 February 1997), pp.139-141.\r\n_________. “Shifting To Top Gear.” West Africa (24 February – 2 March 1997), p.305.\r\nBarret, Lindsay. “Nigeria’s Pivotal Role.” West Africa (24-30 March 1997), pp. 467-469.\r\nBundu, Abass. a Letter to the Editor. New African (September 1997), p.4.\r\n_________. “Beyond Peacekeeping.” West Africa (6-12 December 1999), pp. 14-17.\r\nButty, James. “Is Peace Finally Here?” West Africa (2-8 September 1996), pp. 1393-1394.\r\n_________. “From Bullet To Ballot.” West Africa (21 –27 April 1997), pp. 630-633.\r\n_________. “Waiting For The Alliance.” West Africa (21-27 April 1997), p. 633-635.\r\nEssy, Amara. “Nigeria, A Veritable Giant.” West Africa (19 October – 1 November 1998), p.758.\r\nGbeho, James Victor. “Nigeria- The Vision and Sacrifice.” West Africa (19 October – 1 November 1998 ), p.758.\r\nKamara, Tom. “Charles Taylor – The True Story.” New African (July 1991), p. 22-23.\r\nOhene, Elizabeth. “Chosen By God.” Focus on Africa, 8,4 (1997), p.221-24.\r\nSesay, John. “Sierra Leone’s Future.” West Africa (31 January – 6 March 2000), p.8.\r\nSpecial Correspondent. “The Moment of Truth.” West Africa (9-15 December 1996), pp.1921-1923.\r\nQuainoo, Arnold. Interview in West Africa (20-26 March 2000), pp. 10-15.\r\nYankah, Kwesi and Lazarus D. Mayang. “Charles Taylor: Dark Days in Ghana.” Uhuru 3 (1990), pp. 39-42.\r\nNEWSPAPERS:\r\nAsamoah, Obed. Peoples Daily Graphic (Accra, Ghana), August 23 1990, p.1.\r\nJohnson, Yormie. Interview with Vanguard (Lagos, Nigeria), http://www.Vanguardngr.com/A111040.htm.\r\nLynch, Colum. “UN Plans To Give Condoms To Troops.” The Washington Post (March 18 2000), p.A13.\r\nTaylor, Charles. Interview in The Ghanaian Chronicle (Accra), 12-18 October 1992, p.6.\r\nINTERNET SOURCES:\r\nBACKGROUND OF UNOMIL. Prepared by the Department of Public Information, United Nations. Not an official document of the UN. Last updated on July 14 1997. www.un.org/Depts/DPKO pp.1-23.\r\nDrozdiak, William. “At UN., a Clash Over Keeping the Peace,” (washingtonpost.corwyswig://114/http://washingtonpost…worl/africa/A28122-2000 May 29.htm\r\nEyal, Jonathan. “Africa’s Peacekeeping Problems,” http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/hi/engli…/1d/africa/newssid_743000/743249.stm\r\nFifty Years of UN Peacekeeping. Prepared by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, United Nations. Not an official document of the UN. Last updated on May 1 1998. www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/p.k.50 w.htm\r\nInternational Peace Academy. Seminar on Peacekeeping and Peacemaking, Addis Ababa, (December 1996). http://www.ipacademy/addisrep.htm.\r\nTuck, Christopher. (2000). “Every Car Or Movable Object Gone.” The ECOMOG Intervention in Liberia. 4(1). [online] URL: http://web.africa.efl.edu/asq/v4i1a1.htm\r\nOTHERS:\r\nAnonymous Diplomatic Sources contacted by the writer.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
85253020
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001792
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 周煦zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor David Chou, S.en_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 阿敏zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Ibrahim Muhammad Aminen_US
dc.creator (作者) 阿敏zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Amin, Ibrahim Muhammaden_US
dc.date (日期) 2000en_US
dc.date.accessioned 31-三月-2016 16:46:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 31-三月-2016 16:46:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 31-三月-2016 16:46:44 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) A2002001792en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=92993-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 85253020zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 第一章 維持和平、強制和平、調停、以及強制外交：概念與定義zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 封面頁\r\n證明書\r\n論文摘要\r\n目錄\r\nINTRODUCTION\r\nCHAPTER ONE\r\nPeacekeeping, Peace-enforcement, Peacemaking and Coercive Diplomacy: Concepts and Definitions\r\nSection I :Concepts and Definitions of Peacekeeping, Peace-enforcement and Peacemaking\r\nSection II: The Model of Coercive Diplomacy and its Relevance to the Liberian Crisis\r\nCHAPTER TWO\r\nThe Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Liberian Crisis\r\nSection I: ECOWAS at a Glance : Objectives and Prospects\r\nSection II: The Origins of the Liberian Crisis\r\nSection III: The Political Imperative to Intervene\r\nSection IV: Francophone West Africa and the Liberian Crisis\r\nCHAPTER THREE\r\nPeacekeeping in Liberia, 1990-1997: Interpretation based On the Model of Coercive Diplomacy\r\nSection I: Nigeria’s Pivotal Role as the Coercive Power\r\nSection II: The Formation of the Interim Government of National Unity (IGNU), 1990-1993\r\nSection III: The Council of State and the Liberian National Transitional Government (LNTG), 1994-1995\r\nSection IV: The Council of State, ECOWAS and the Liberian Crisis after the Abuja Agreement, 1995-1996\r\nCHAPTER FOUR\r\nFinal Resolution of the Liberian Conflict\r\nSection I: The Process of Disarmament and Demobilization\r\nSection II: Formation of Political Parties and the Elections of July 19 1997\r\nSection III: The Emergence of Charles Taylor as Elected President\r\nCHAPTER FIVE\r\nThe ECOWAS-UN Partnership\r\nSection I: Reasons that lead to the ECOWAS-UN Partnership\r\nSection II: The Nature of the ECOWAS-UN Partnership\r\nSection III: Reasons of A Failed Partnership\r\nCHAPTER SIX\r\nConclusions\r\nAPPENDIX\r\nBIBLIOGRAPHY\r\nLIST OF ABBREVIATIONSzh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2002001792en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 維護和平行動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Ecowas Peacekeepingen_US
dc.title (題名) 西非國家經濟共同體在賴比瑞亞的維持和平行動(peacekeeping operation)，1990-1997zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Ecowas Peacekeeping Operation in Liberia, 1990-1997en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DOCUMENTS:\r\nBoutros-Ghali, Boutros. An Agenda for Peace UN Doc. A/47/277-S/24111 17 June 1992.\r\n______________________. Report of the Secretary General on Liberia, UN Security Council Doc. S/26422, 9 September 1993.\r\nDepartment of Information of ECOWAS. “The Community at a Glance”, reprinted in West Africa, (19 October –1 November 1998).\r\nECOWAS Decision A/Dec./8/90, Lagos. See also Ghana’s People’s Daily Graphic (Accra), August 3 1990.\r\n_________. Decision A/Dec.18/90, Article II.\r\n_________. Final Report of the ECOWAS Standing Mediation Committee Ministerial Meeting, Freetown, 5-20 July 1990, ECW/SMC/FM/90/3/ Rev. 1, 1990.\r\nThe ECOWAS Charter, Article 2, Treaty of the Economic Community of West African States, May 28 1975. Article 2, 14 I.L.M. 1200.\r\nMalu, Victor. ECOMOG Force Commander, a report given at the IPA Seminar on Peacemaking and Peacekeeping, Addis Ababa, December 1996.\r\nNote by the President of the Security Council. UN Doc. S/22133 (1991).\r\nProtocol Relating to Mutual Assistance on Defense. A/SP3/5/81. Reprinted in Journal of ECOWAS (1981).\r\nProtocol on Non-Aggression. reprinted in West Africa, (May 25 1981), p.1153.\r\nUnited Nations. ‘Supplement to An Agenda for Peace: Position Paper of the Secretary General on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the United Nations’, UN Doc. A/50/60, S/1995/1 (January 1995).\r\nBOOKS:\r\nAgetua, Nkem. Operation Liberty: The Story of Major General Joshua Nimyel Dogonyaro. Lagos: Hona Communications, 1992.\r\nArmon, Jeremy. and Andy Carl, eds. “The Liberian Peace Process, 1990 – 1996,” Accord : an International Review of Peace Initiatives, 1 (1996). Conciliation Resources, London.\r\nCraig, Gordon A. and George L. Alexander. Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Problems of our time, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.\r\nEllis, Stephen. The Mask of Anarchy : The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War. London: Hurst and Company, 1999.\r\nGeorge, L. Alexander. Forceful Persuasion: Coercive Diplomacy as an Alternative to War. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace,1993.\r\nHuband, Mark. The Liberian Civil War. London: Frank Cass, 1998.\r\nInternational Peace Academy. Peacekeeper’s Handbook. New York: Pergamon Press, 1984.\r\nPelcovits, Nathan, “Peacekeeping: The African Experience” in Henry Wiseman ed., peacekeeping: appraisals & proposals. New York: International Peace Academy, 1983.\r\nRamazani, R.K. The Gulf Cooperation Council: Record and Analysis. Charlottesville. N.C.: University of North Carolina Press,1998.\r\nPERIODICALS\r\nAbdullah, Ibrahim. “Bush Path to Destruction: The Origin and Character of the Revolutionary United Front/ Sierra Leone.” Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 36, No. 2 (1998), pp.203-235.\r\nAdekeye, Adebayo. “Richman’s War, Poor Man’s War.” The World Today, Vol. 52, Nos 8-9 (August- September 1996), pp.222-225.\r\nAdeleke, Ademola. “The Politics and Diplomacy of Peacekeeping in West Africa: Ecowas Operation in Liberia.” Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 33, No. 4 (December 1995): pp.569-593.\r\nAdibe, E. Clement. “The Liberian Conflict and the ECOWAS-UN Partnership.” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3 (June 1997), pp. 471-488.\r\nAlagappa, Muthiah. “Regional Institutions, the UN and International Security: a framework for analysis.” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 3. (June 1997), pp. 421-441.\r\nDobbie, Charles. “ A Concept for Post-Cold War Peacekeeping.” Survival, Vol. 36, No.3 (Autumn 1994), pp.121-148.\r\nFisher, David. “The Ethics of Intervention.” Survival, Vol. 36, No.1 (Spring 1994), pp. 51-59.\r\nGoulding, Marrack. “The United Nations and Conflict in Africa Since the Cold War,” African Affairs, Vol.98, No.391 (April 1999), pp.155-166.\r\nGuicherd, Catherine. “International Law and the War in Kosovo.” Survival, Vol.41, No.2 (Summer 1999), pp. 19-34.\r\nHoffman, Stanley. “The Politics and Ethics of Military Intervention.” Survival, Vol.37, No.4 (Winter 1995-96), pp.29-51.\r\nKeesing’s Record of World Events. Vol. 37, No.6 (1995), p.39548.\r\nKeesing’s Record of World Events. “Liberia: 1991 Overview.” Volume 38, Reference Supplement, p. R14.\r\nKeesing’s Record of World Events. “Liberia: 1992 Overview.” Volume 39, Reference Supplement , p.R14.\r\nKeesing’s Record of World Events. “Liberia: 1993 Overview.” Volume 40, Reference Supplement, p.R16.\r\nKeesing’s Record of World Events. “Liberia: 1994 Key Events.” Volume 41, Reference Supplement, p. R19.\r\nKeohane, O. Robert. and Lisa Martin. “The Promise of Institutionalist Theory.” International Security, Vol. 20, No.1 ( Summer 1995), pp.35-51.\r\nKhosla, Deepa. “Third World states as Intervenors in Ethnic Conflicts: implications for regional and international security.” Third World Quarterly, Vol.20, No.6 (December 1999), pp.1143-1156.\r\nKodjoe, Ofuatey. W. “Regional Organizations and the Resolution of Internal Conflicts: the ECOWAS intervention in Liberia.” International Peacekeeping, Vol.1, No.3 (May-June 1994), pp.261-302.\r\nLyons, Terrence. “Liberia’s Path From Anarchy To Elections.” Current History, Vol. 97, No.619 (May 1998), pp.231-232.\r\nMortimer, Robert A. “Senegal’s Role in ECOMOG : The Francophone Dimension in the Liberian Crisis.” Journal Modern African Studies , Vol. 34, No.2 (1996), pp.293-306.\r\nNew Democrat. “Will ECOMOG Leave?,” Vol. 1 No. 29 (16-22 June 1994), p.1.\r\nOfodile, Anthony Chukwukah. “Recent Development: The Legality of ECOWAS intervention in Liberia.” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, Vol.32, No.2 (1994), pp.381-418.\r\nOmach, Paul. “The African Crisis Response Initiative: Domestic Politics and Convergence of National Interests.” African Affairs, Vol.99, No.394 (January 2000), pp.73-95.\r\nPeterson, Dave. “Liberia: Crying for Freedom.” Journal of Democracy, Vol.7, No.2 (April 1996), pp. 148-158.\r\nPruit, Dean G. “Ethnic Conflicts : The Tactics of Third Party Intervention.” Orbis, Vol. 44, No.2 (Spring 2000), pp.245-254.\r\nReno, William. “Reinvention of an African Patrimonial State: Charles Taylor’s Liberia.” Third World Quarterly, Vol.16, No.1 (February 1995), pp.109-120.\r\nRiley, Stephen. “Liberia and Sierra Leone: Anarchy or Peace in West Africa?” Conflict Studies, No.287 (February 1996), pp.1-28.\r\nRudolph Jr, Joseph R. “Intervention in Communal Conflicts.” Orbis, Vol. 36, No.2 (Spring 1995), pp.259-273.\r\nSeroo, Didier. interview with Samuel Kofi Woods in International Samenwerking, reprinted in African Affairs, Vol. 99, No.394 (January 2000) , pp. 97-111.\r\nTai, Wan-Chin. “US Intervention in March 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis: Interpretation from the Model of Coercive Diplomacy.” Tamkang Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 2, No.1 (March 1998), pp.1-15.\r\nTarr, S. Byron. “The ECOMOG Initiative in Liberia: A Liberian Perspective.” Issue: A Journal of Opinion, Vol. 21, Nos.1-2 (1993), pp. 79-80.\r\nTharoor, Shashi. “Should UN Peacekeeping Go ‘Back to Basics?” Survival, Vol. 37, No.4 ( Winter 1995-95), p.52-64.\r\nZartman, I. William. “Ethnic Conflicts: Mediating Conflicts of Need, Greed and Creed.” Orbis, Vol. 44, No.2 (Spring 2000), pp.255-266.\r\nMAGAZINES:\r\nAdekeye, Adebayo. “Farewell To Arms?” West Africa (25-31 December 1995 & 1-7 January 1996), pp. 1993-1994.\r\nAdekeye, Adebayo. “Two Weddings and a Funeral.” West Africa (6-12 January 1997), pp.22-23.\r\nAdeniji, Olu. interview in West Africa (13-19 March 2000), pp. 13-15.\r\nAjulo, Sunday Babalola. “From Berlin To Lagos I.” West Africa (August 5-11 1996), pp.1247-1248.\r\n_________. “From Berlin To Lagos II.” West Africa (August 12-18 1996), pp. 1272-1273.\r\nAnkomah, Baffour. “With Taylor Inside Liberia.” New African (October 1999), pp.12-13.\r\n_________. “The Liberian Challenge.” New African (November 1990), p.13.\r\n_________. “UN Taking Sides in Liberia.” New African (November 1993), pp.16-17.\r\n_________. “Liberia: The First 100 Days.” New African Special Report (December 1997), pp.6-9.\r\nAsante, Ben. “The ECOMOG Miracle.” West Africa (March 24-30 1997), pp. 462-469.\r\n_________. “Faction Leaders Promise Peace.” West Africa ( 27 January- 2 February 1997), pp.139-141.\r\n_________. “Shifting To Top Gear.” West Africa (24 February – 2 March 1997), p.305.\r\nBarret, Lindsay. “Nigeria’s Pivotal Role.” West Africa (24-30 March 1997), pp. 467-469.\r\nBundu, Abass. a Letter to the Editor. New African (September 1997), p.4.\r\n_________. “Beyond Peacekeeping.” West Africa (6-12 December 1999), pp. 14-17.\r\nButty, James. “Is Peace Finally Here?” West Africa (2-8 September 1996), pp. 1393-1394.\r\n_________. “From Bullet To Ballot.” West Africa (21 –27 April 1997), pp. 630-633.\r\n_________. “Waiting For The Alliance.” West Africa (21-27 April 1997), p. 633-635.\r\nEssy, Amara. “Nigeria, A Veritable Giant.” West Africa (19 October – 1 November 1998), p.758.\r\nGbeho, James Victor. “Nigeria- The Vision and Sacrifice.” West Africa (19 October – 1 November 1998 ), p.758.\r\nKamara, Tom. “Charles Taylor – The True Story.” New African (July 1991), p. 22-23.\r\nOhene, Elizabeth. “Chosen By God.” Focus on Africa, 8,4 (1997), p.221-24.\r\nSesay, John. “Sierra Leone’s Future.” West Africa (31 January – 6 March 2000), p.8.\r\nSpecial Correspondent. “The Moment of Truth.” West Africa (9-15 December 1996), pp.1921-1923.\r\nQuainoo, Arnold. Interview in West Africa (20-26 March 2000), pp. 10-15.\r\nYankah, Kwesi and Lazarus D. Mayang. “Charles Taylor: Dark Days in Ghana.” Uhuru 3 (1990), pp. 39-42.\r\nNEWSPAPERS:\r\nAsamoah, Obed. Peoples Daily Graphic (Accra, Ghana), August 23 1990, p.1.\r\nJohnson, Yormie. Interview with Vanguard (Lagos, Nigeria), http://www.Vanguardngr.com/A111040.htm.\r\nLynch, Colum. “UN Plans To Give Condoms To Troops.” The Washington Post (March 18 2000), p.A13.\r\nTaylor, Charles. Interview in The Ghanaian Chronicle (Accra), 12-18 October 1992, p.6.\r\nINTERNET SOURCES:\r\nBACKGROUND OF UNOMIL. Prepared by the Department of Public Information, United Nations. Not an official document of the UN. Last updated on July 14 1997. www.un.org/Depts/DPKO pp.1-23.\r\nDrozdiak, William. “At UN., a Clash Over Keeping the Peace,” (washingtonpost.corwyswig://114/http://washingtonpost…worl/africa/A28122-2000 May 29.htm\r\nEyal, Jonathan. “Africa’s Peacekeeping Problems,” http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/hi/engli…/1d/africa/newssid_743000/743249.stm\r\nFifty Years of UN Peacekeeping. Prepared by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations, United Nations. Not an official document of the UN. Last updated on May 1 1998. www.un.org/Depts/DPKO/p.k.50 w.htm\r\nInternational Peace Academy. Seminar on Peacekeeping and Peacemaking, Addis Ababa, (December 1996). http://www.ipacademy/addisrep.htm.\r\nTuck, Christopher. (2000). “Every Car Or Movable Object Gone.” The ECOMOG Intervention in Liberia. 4(1). [online] URL: http://web.africa.efl.edu/asq/v4i1a1.htm\r\nOTHERS:\r\nAnonymous Diplomatic Sources contacted by the writer.zh_TW