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題名 所得與政府教育及國防支出之長期關係分析
The Long-Run Relationship between Income and Government Expenditure of Education and National Defense作者 林胤豪
Lin, Yinn-hau貢獻者 林其昂
林胤豪
Yinn-hau Lin關鍵詞 政府支出
教育支出
國防支出
經濟成長
共整合
因果檢定
government expenditure
education expenditure
national defense expenditure
cointegration
Granger causality日期 1998 上傳時間 21-四月-2016 17:05:50 (UTC+8) 摘要 論文摘要
We are going to dicuss the long-run relationship between income and govnernment`s education and national defense expenditure in Taiwan.We start at testing wheather income ,education expenditure ,and national defense have unit or not. We find all the series have the characteristic of unit root.It shows that they are not stationary.Then we use Granger`s cointegration test,and see that the series of income and education got the relationship of cointegration,instead that of income and national defense. Finally,we test long- run relationship by Granger causality.Due to the existence of cointegration between income and education expenditure,we can use two-steps OLS to test whether there exist Granger causality between them,and we find income will affect education expenditure ,however education expenditure will not affect income.And we use F test to find the Granger causality between income and nation defenseand we get the conclusion that there exists a bilateral Granger causality.It means that they will affect each other.參考文獻 參考文獻\n何嫈嫈 (1995) 人力資本與亞洲四小龍之經濟成長 中正國際經濟研究所碩士\n 論文。\n林文達 (1984) 教育經濟學 頁15。\n尚瑞國 (1993) 政府支出與經濟成長 政治大學經濟研究所碩士論文。\n林博文 (1998) 我國國防預算之研究 政治大學公共行政研究所博士論文。\n林 全 (1983) 美國國防支出需要的時間序列分析 一九六二---一九八一年\n 《財稅研究》第16卷 頁138。\n孫克難 (1991) 台灣地區政府產出之結構分析 台灣大學經濟研究所博士論文。\n孫克難 (1999) 國防支出對經濟成長的影響 - 台灣實證研究 1999年中央經\n 濟研究所 公共經濟學研討會。\n孫克難 (1983) 台灣地區政府支出結構與成長研究 中華經濟研究院 經濟專\n 論 第34期。\n徐偉初、黃細清(1989)《現階段公共支出水準與結構之研究》財政部賦稅改革\n 委員會。\n徐偉初、王正 (1992) 《財政學》 空中大學出版 頁287~308。\n韋端、何金巡 (1990) 我國公共支出結構研究之探討 財稅研究 第22期\n p13~33。\n黃仁德 (1995) 人力資本與經濟成長 - 台灣實證研究 國科會計劃專案。\n陳式平 (1981) 《國防教育體制》 頁1~5。\n趙振瑛 (1998) 人力資本與經濟成長關係之研究 政治大學經濟研究所博士論\n 文。\n葉金成 (1992) 國防預算的規劃策略 策略之運用及情境之評選 交通大學管\n 科學研究所博士論文。\n劉榮超、周濟 (1984) 公共投資對民間部門的影響 中華經濟研究院 研究專\n 論 第51期。\n劉純之 (1994) 國防事務、經濟成長、社會福利 《國防事務研討專刊》\n 頁13~14。\n蘇彩足 (1993) 我國中央政府公共支出之結構與趨勢分析 國科會專題研究計\n 畫。\nArrow ,K.J. (1962) "The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing," Review of\n Economic Studies , v29, pp155~173.\nAschauer,D.A. (1989) "Is Public Expenditure Productive? ," Journal of Monetary\nEconomics ,v23. ,pp177~199.\nBarro (1990) "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth ,"\nJournal Of Political Economy ,v9, pp103~125.\nBecker ,G.S.(1964) "Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis ,with\nSpecial Reference to Education,?st edn, Princeton University Press .\nBenoit (1973) "Defense and Economic Growth in Developing Countries Lexington ,"\nMassachusetts:Lexington Books.\nBenoit (1978) "Growth and Defense in Developing Countries ," Economic\nDevelopment and Cultural Change, v26, pp271~280.\nChan,S (1988) "Defense Burden and Economic Growth:Unraveling the Taiwan\nEnigma," American Economic Review,v82 ,pp913~920.\nDeger ,S. and R. P. Smith (1983) "Military Expenditure and Growth in the Less\nDeveloped Countries ," Journal of Conflict Resolution, v27, pp335~353.\nDickey,D.A. and Fuller ,W.A (1981)" Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive\nTime Series with a Unit Root ," Econometrica, v49, pp1057~1072.\nEngle ,Robert F, and Byung S., Yoo (1987) "Forecasting and Testing in\nCointegrated Systems," Journal of Econometrics, v35, pp143~159.\nFutagami,K ,Y. Morita and A.Shibata (1993) "Dynamic Analysis of an Endogenous\nGrowth Model with Public Capital," Journal of Economics, v95,pp607~625.\nGranger ,C.W.J. (1988)" Some Recent Development in a Concept of Causality,"\nJournal of Economics, v39.,pp199~211.\nGranger, C.W.J. (1987) "Cointegration and Error Correction: representation ,\nEstimation and Testing ," Ecomometrica , v55, pp251~276 .\nGranger,C.W.J. (1969) "Investigating Causal Relation by Econometric Models and\nCross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, v37 , pp424~438.\nGewekeJ, R.Meese and W.Dent "Comparing Alternative Tests of Causality in\nTemporal Systems," Journal of Economics ,v21, pp161~185.\nHendrik van den Berg & James R. schmidt (1994) "Foreign Trade and Economic\nGrowth :Time Series Evidence from Latine American ," Journal of\ninternational trade and development, pp249~269.\nHsiao,Cheng (1981) "Autoregressive Modeling and Causal Ordering of Economic\nVariables," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, v4, pp243~259.\nJeording,W (1986) "Economic Growth and Defense spending :Granger causality",\nJournal of Development Economics ,v21,pp35~40\nJohansen and Katarana, Juselius (1990) "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and\nInference on Cointegration with Application to the Demand for Money,"\nOxford Bulletion of Economics and Statistics, v52 pp169~210.\nLin ,Chi-ang (1995) "More Evidence on Wagner`s Law for Mexico, "Public Finance,\nv5, pp267~277.\nLucas R. E. (1988) "On The Mechanics of Economic Development," Journal of\nMonetary Economics, v22.pp3~42.\nMacKinnon J. (1991) "Critical Values for Cointegration Forthcoming in Modelling\nLong Run Economic Relationships ," Oxford University Press, pp267~276.\nMacKinnon J.G. and R. Davidson (1993) "Estimation And Inference in Economics ,"\nOxford University Press, pp715~722.\nMankiw ,G.D Romer ,And D.Weil (1992) "A Contribution to the Empirics of\nEconometric Growth ," Quaterly Journal of Economic Growth, v107,\npp407~437.\nMann,Arthur J.(1990) "Wagner`s Law :An economic Test for Mexico ,1925-1976,"\n National Tax Journal ,v33 pp189-201 .\nMiquel Faig (1995) "A Simple Economy with Human Capital :Transitional\nDynamics, Technology Shocks and Fiscal Policies, " Journal of\nmacroeconomics, v17, pp421~446.\nNangarajan P. and A. Spear (1990) "An Economic Test of Wagner`s Law for\nMexico:A Re-examination," Public Finance ,v45(1) ,pp165-168.\nPhillips ,P,C,B and Pierre Perron (1988) "Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series\nRegression ," Biometrika ,v75,pp147~159.\nRam ,R.(1986) "Governmant Size and Economic Growth :A New Framework and\nSome Evidence from Cross -section and Time Series Data ," American\nEconometric Review, v76, pp191~203.\nRebelo,S & R.G. King (1990) "Public Policy and Economic Growth : Developing\nNeoclassical Implications," Journal of Political Economy , v98,pp126~150.\nRomer ,P.M (1986) "Human Capital and Growth :Theory and Evidence" Carnegie\nRochester Conference Series on Public Policy , v32 ,pp251~286.\nSaid ,E. and David Dickey (1984) "Hypothesis Testing in ARIMA (p,1,q) Models",\nJournal of the America- Statistical-Association pp369~374.\nSims,C. (1972) "Money ,Income ,and Causality, "American Economic Review, v62,\npp540~552.\nVasudeva Murthy N.R (1993) "Further Evidence of Wagner`s Law for Mexico: An\nApplication of Cointegration Analysis ," PublicFinance/FinancePubliques,\nv48(1),pp92-96.\nWeede,E (1983) "Military participations ratios ,Human Capital Formation ,and\nEconomic Growth: A cross-national Analysis ," Journal of Political and\nMilitary Socialogy, v11, pp11~19.\nWilliam E. Cullison (1993) "Public Investment and Economic Growth," Federal\nReserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly, v79/4, pp19~33.\n 參考文獻\n何嫈嫈 (1995) 人力資本與亞洲四小龍之經濟成長 中正國際經濟研究所碩士\n 論文。\n林文達 (1984) 教育經濟學 頁15。\n尚瑞國 (1993) 政府支出與經濟成長 政治大學經濟研究所碩士論文。\n林博文 (1998) 我國國防預算之研究 政治大學公共行政研究所博士論文。\n林 全 (1983) 美國國防支出需要的時間序列分析 一九六二---一九八一年\n 《財稅研究》第16卷 頁138。\n孫克難 (1991) 台灣地區政府產出之結構分析 台灣大學經濟研究所博士論文。\n孫克難 (1999) 國防支出對經濟成長的影響 - 台灣實證研究 1999年中央經\n 濟研究所 公共經濟學研討會。\n孫克難 (1983) 台灣地區政府支出結構與成長研究 中華經濟研究院 經濟專\n 論 第34期。\n徐偉初、黃細清(1989)《現階段公共支出水準與結構之研究》財政部賦稅改革\n 委員會。\n徐偉初、王正 (1992) 《財政學》 空中大學出版 頁287~308。\n韋端、何金巡 (1990) 我國公共支出結構研究之探討 財稅研究 第22期\n p13~33。\n黃仁德 (1995) 人力資本與經濟成長 - 台灣實證研究 國科會計劃專案。\n陳式平 (1981) 《國防教育體制》 頁1~5。\n趙振瑛 (1998) 人力資本與經濟成長關係之研究 政治大學經濟研究所博士論\n 文。\n葉金成 (1992) 國防預算的規劃策略 策略之運用及情境之評選 交通大學管\n 科學研究所博士論文。\n劉榮超、周濟 (1984) 公共投資對民間部門的影響 中華經濟研究院 研究專\n 論 第51期。\n劉純之 (1994) 國防事務、經濟成長、社會福利 《國防事務研討專刊》\n 頁13~14。\n蘇彩足 (1993) 我國中央政府公共支出之結構與趨勢分析 國科會專題研究計\n 畫。\nArrow ,K.J. (1962) "The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing," Review of\n Economic Studies , v29, pp155~173.\nAschauer,D.A. (1989) "Is Public Expenditure Productive? ," Journal of Monetary\nEconomics ,v23. ,pp177~199.\nBarro (1990) "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth ,"\nJournal Of Political Economy ,v9, pp103~125.\nBecker ,G.S.(1964) "Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis ,with\nSpecial Reference to Education,?st edn, Princeton University Press .\nBenoit (1973) "Defense and Economic Growth in Developing Countries Lexington ,"\nMassachusetts:Lexington Books.\nBenoit (1978) "Growth and Defense in Developing Countries ," Economic\nDevelopment and Cultural Change, v26, pp271~280.\nChan,S (1988) "Defense Burden and Economic Growth:Unraveling the Taiwan\nEnigma," American Economic Review,v82 ,pp913~920.\nDeger ,S. and R. P. Smith (1983) "Military Expenditure and Growth in the Less\nDeveloped Countries ," Journal of Conflict Resolution, v27, pp335~353.\nDickey,D.A. and Fuller ,W.A (1981)" Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive\nTime Series with a Unit Root ," Econometrica, v49, pp1057~1072.\nEngle ,Robert F, and Byung S., Yoo (1987) "Forecasting and Testing in\nCointegrated Systems," Journal of Econometrics, v35, pp143~159.\nFutagami,K ,Y. Morita and A.Shibata (1993) "Dynamic Analysis of an Endogenous\nGrowth Model with Public Capital," Journal of Economics, v95,pp607~625.\nGranger ,C.W.J. (1988)" Some Recent Development in a Concept of Causality,"\nJournal of Economics, v39.,pp199~211.\nGranger, C.W.J. (1987) "Cointegration and Error Correction: representation ,\nEstimation and Testing ," Ecomometrica , v55, pp251~276 .\nGranger,C.W.J. (1969) "Investigating Causal Relation by Econometric Models and\nCross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, v37 , pp424~438.\nGewekeJ, R.Meese and W.Dent "Comparing Alternative Tests of Causality in\nTemporal Systems," Journal of Economics ,v21, pp161~185.\nHendrik van den Berg & James R. schmidt (1994) "Foreign Trade and Economic\nGrowth :Time Series Evidence from Latine American ," Journal of\ninternational trade and development, pp249~269.\nHsiao,Cheng (1981) "Autoregressive Modeling and Causal Ordering of Economic\nVariables," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, v4, pp243~259.\nJeording,W (1986) "Economic Growth and Defense spending :Granger causality",\nJournal of Development Economics ,v21,pp35~40\nJohansen and Katarana, Juselius (1990) "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and\nInference on Cointegration with Application to the Demand for Money,"\nOxford Bulletion of Economics and Statistics, v52 pp169~210.\nLin ,Chi-ang (1995) "More Evidence on Wagner`s Law for Mexico, "Public Finance,\nv5, pp267~277.\nLucas R. E. (1988) "On The Mechanics of Economic Development," Journal of\nMonetary Economics, v22.pp3~42.\nMacKinnon J. (1991) "Critical Values for Cointegration Forthcoming in Modelling\nLong Run Economic Relationships ," Oxford University Press, pp267~276.\nMacKinnon J.G. and R. Davidson (1993) "Estimation And Inference in Economics ,"\nOxford University Press, pp715~722.\nMankiw ,G.D Romer ,And D.Weil (1992) "A Contribution to the Empirics of\nEconometric Growth ," Quaterly Journal of Economic Growth, v107,\npp407~437.\nMann,Arthur J.(1990) "Wagner`s Law :An economic Test for Mexico ,1925-1976,"\n National Tax Journal ,v33 pp189-201 .\nMiquel Faig (1995) "A Simple Economy with Human Capital :Transitional\nDynamics, Technology Shocks and Fiscal Policies, " Journal of\nmacroeconomics, v17, pp421~446.\nNangarajan P. and A. Spear (1990) "An Economic Test of Wagner`s Law for\nMexico:A Re-examination," Public Finance ,v45(1) ,pp165-168.\nPhillips ,P,C,B and Pierre Perron (1988) "Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series\nRegression ," Biometrika ,v75,pp147~159.\nRam ,R.(1986) "Governmant Size and Economic Growth :A New Framework and\nSome Evidence from Cross -section and Time Series Data ," American\nEconometric Review, v76, pp191~203.\nRebelo,S & R.G. King (1990) "Public Policy and Economic Growth : Developing\nNeoclassical Implications," Journal of Political Economy , v98,pp126~150.\nRomer ,P.M (1986) "Human Capital and Growth :Theory and Evidence" Carnegie\nRochester Conference Series on Public Policy , v32 ,pp251~286.\nSaid ,E. and David Dickey (1984) "Hypothesis Testing in ARIMA (p,1,q) Models",\nJournal of the America- Statistical-Association pp369~374.\nSims,C. (1972) "Money ,Income ,and Causality, "American Economic Review, v62,\npp540~552.\nVasudeva Murthy N.R (1993) "Further Evidence of Wagner`s Law for Mexico: An\nApplication of Cointegration Analysis ," PublicFinance/FinancePubliques,\nv48(1),pp92-96.\nWeede,E (1983) "Military participations ratios ,Human Capital Formation ,and\nEconomic Growth: A cross-national Analysis ," Journal of Political and\nMilitary Socialogy, v11, pp11~19.\nWilliam E. Cullison (1993) "Public Investment and Economic Growth," Federal\nReserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly, v79/4, pp19~33. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政學系
86255016資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002001492 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林其昂 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) 林胤豪 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (作者) Yinn-hau Lin en_US dc.creator (作者) 林胤豪 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Yinn-hau en_US dc.date (日期) 1998 en_US dc.date.accessioned 21-四月-2016 17:05:50 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 21-四月-2016 17:05:50 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 21-四月-2016 17:05:50 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) B2002001492 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=95980 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 財政學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 86255016 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 論文摘要 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) We are going to dicuss the long-run relationship between income and govnernment`s education and national defense expenditure in Taiwan.We start at testing wheather income ,education expenditure ,and national defense have unit or not. We find all the series have the characteristic of unit root.It shows that they are not stationary.Then we use Granger`s cointegration test,and see that the series of income and education got the relationship of cointegration,instead that of income and national defense. Finally,we test long- run relationship by Granger causality.Due to the existence of cointegration between income and education expenditure,we can use two-steps OLS to test whether there exist Granger causality between them,and we find income will affect education expenditure ,however education expenditure will not affect income.And we use F test to find the Granger causality between income and nation defenseand we get the conclusion that there exists a bilateral Granger causality.It means that they will affect each other. en_US dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002001492 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政府支出 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教育支出 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國防支出 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 經濟成長 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共整合 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 因果檢定 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) government expenditure en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) education expenditure en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) national defense expenditure en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) cointegration en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Granger causality en_US dc.title (題名) 所得與政府教育及國防支出之長期關係分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Long-Run Relationship between Income and Government Expenditure of Education and National Defense en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考文獻\n何嫈嫈 (1995) 人力資本與亞洲四小龍之經濟成長 中正國際經濟研究所碩士\n 論文。\n林文達 (1984) 教育經濟學 頁15。\n尚瑞國 (1993) 政府支出與經濟成長 政治大學經濟研究所碩士論文。\n林博文 (1998) 我國國防預算之研究 政治大學公共行政研究所博士論文。\n林 全 (1983) 美國國防支出需要的時間序列分析 一九六二---一九八一年\n 《財稅研究》第16卷 頁138。\n孫克難 (1991) 台灣地區政府產出之結構分析 台灣大學經濟研究所博士論文。\n孫克難 (1999) 國防支出對經濟成長的影響 - 台灣實證研究 1999年中央經\n 濟研究所 公共經濟學研討會。\n孫克難 (1983) 台灣地區政府支出結構與成長研究 中華經濟研究院 經濟專\n 論 第34期。\n徐偉初、黃細清(1989)《現階段公共支出水準與結構之研究》財政部賦稅改革\n 委員會。\n徐偉初、王正 (1992) 《財政學》 空中大學出版 頁287~308。\n韋端、何金巡 (1990) 我國公共支出結構研究之探討 財稅研究 第22期\n p13~33。\n黃仁德 (1995) 人力資本與經濟成長 - 台灣實證研究 國科會計劃專案。\n陳式平 (1981) 《國防教育體制》 頁1~5。\n趙振瑛 (1998) 人力資本與經濟成長關係之研究 政治大學經濟研究所博士論\n 文。\n葉金成 (1992) 國防預算的規劃策略 策略之運用及情境之評選 交通大學管\n 科學研究所博士論文。\n劉榮超、周濟 (1984) 公共投資對民間部門的影響 中華經濟研究院 研究專\n 論 第51期。\n劉純之 (1994) 國防事務、經濟成長、社會福利 《國防事務研討專刊》\n 頁13~14。\n蘇彩足 (1993) 我國中央政府公共支出之結構與趨勢分析 國科會專題研究計\n 畫。\nArrow ,K.J. (1962) "The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing," Review of\n Economic Studies , v29, pp155~173.\nAschauer,D.A. (1989) "Is Public Expenditure Productive? ," Journal of Monetary\nEconomics ,v23. ,pp177~199.\nBarro (1990) "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth ,"\nJournal Of Political Economy ,v9, pp103~125.\nBecker ,G.S.(1964) "Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis ,with\nSpecial Reference to Education,?st edn, Princeton University Press .\nBenoit (1973) "Defense and Economic Growth in Developing Countries Lexington ,"\nMassachusetts:Lexington Books.\nBenoit (1978) "Growth and Defense in Developing Countries ," Economic\nDevelopment and Cultural Change, v26, pp271~280.\nChan,S (1988) "Defense Burden and Economic Growth:Unraveling the Taiwan\nEnigma," American Economic Review,v82 ,pp913~920.\nDeger ,S. and R. P. Smith (1983) "Military Expenditure and Growth in the Less\nDeveloped Countries ," Journal of Conflict Resolution, v27, pp335~353.\nDickey,D.A. and Fuller ,W.A (1981)" Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive\nTime Series with a Unit Root ," Econometrica, v49, pp1057~1072.\nEngle ,Robert F, and Byung S., Yoo (1987) "Forecasting and Testing in\nCointegrated Systems," Journal of Econometrics, v35, pp143~159.\nFutagami,K ,Y. Morita and A.Shibata (1993) "Dynamic Analysis of an Endogenous\nGrowth Model with Public Capital," Journal of Economics, v95,pp607~625.\nGranger ,C.W.J. (1988)" Some Recent Development in a Concept of Causality,"\nJournal of Economics, v39.,pp199~211.\nGranger, C.W.J. (1987) "Cointegration and Error Correction: representation ,\nEstimation and Testing ," Ecomometrica , v55, pp251~276 .\nGranger,C.W.J. (1969) "Investigating Causal Relation by Econometric Models and\nCross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, v37 , pp424~438.\nGewekeJ, R.Meese and W.Dent "Comparing Alternative Tests of Causality in\nTemporal Systems," Journal of Economics ,v21, pp161~185.\nHendrik van den Berg & James R. schmidt (1994) "Foreign Trade and Economic\nGrowth :Time Series Evidence from Latine American ," Journal of\ninternational trade and development, pp249~269.\nHsiao,Cheng (1981) "Autoregressive Modeling and Causal Ordering of Economic\nVariables," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, v4, pp243~259.\nJeording,W (1986) "Economic Growth and Defense spending :Granger causality",\nJournal of Development Economics ,v21,pp35~40\nJohansen and Katarana, Juselius (1990) "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and\nInference on Cointegration with Application to the Demand for Money,"\nOxford Bulletion of Economics and Statistics, v52 pp169~210.\nLin ,Chi-ang (1995) "More Evidence on Wagner`s Law for Mexico, "Public Finance,\nv5, pp267~277.\nLucas R. E. (1988) "On The Mechanics of Economic Development," Journal of\nMonetary Economics, v22.pp3~42.\nMacKinnon J. (1991) "Critical Values for Cointegration Forthcoming in Modelling\nLong Run Economic Relationships ," Oxford University Press, pp267~276.\nMacKinnon J.G. and R. Davidson (1993) "Estimation And Inference in Economics ,"\nOxford University Press, pp715~722.\nMankiw ,G.D Romer ,And D.Weil (1992) "A Contribution to the Empirics of\nEconometric Growth ," Quaterly Journal of Economic Growth, v107,\npp407~437.\nMann,Arthur J.(1990) "Wagner`s Law :An economic Test for Mexico ,1925-1976,"\n National Tax Journal ,v33 pp189-201 .\nMiquel Faig (1995) "A Simple Economy with Human Capital :Transitional\nDynamics, Technology Shocks and Fiscal Policies, " Journal of\nmacroeconomics, v17, pp421~446.\nNangarajan P. and A. Spear (1990) "An Economic Test of Wagner`s Law for\nMexico:A Re-examination," Public Finance ,v45(1) ,pp165-168.\nPhillips ,P,C,B and Pierre Perron (1988) "Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series\nRegression ," Biometrika ,v75,pp147~159.\nRam ,R.(1986) "Governmant Size and Economic Growth :A New Framework and\nSome Evidence from Cross -section and Time Series Data ," American\nEconometric Review, v76, pp191~203.\nRebelo,S & R.G. King (1990) "Public Policy and Economic Growth : Developing\nNeoclassical Implications," Journal of Political Economy , v98,pp126~150.\nRomer ,P.M (1986) "Human Capital and Growth :Theory and Evidence" Carnegie\nRochester Conference Series on Public Policy , v32 ,pp251~286.\nSaid ,E. and David Dickey (1984) "Hypothesis Testing in ARIMA (p,1,q) Models",\nJournal of the America- Statistical-Association pp369~374.\nSims,C. (1972) "Money ,Income ,and Causality, "American Economic Review, v62,\npp540~552.\nVasudeva Murthy N.R (1993) "Further Evidence of Wagner`s Law for Mexico: An\nApplication of Cointegration Analysis ," PublicFinance/FinancePubliques,\nv48(1),pp92-96.\nWeede,E (1983) "Military participations ratios ,Human Capital Formation ,and\nEconomic Growth: A cross-national Analysis ," Journal of Political and\nMilitary Socialogy, v11, pp11~19.\nWilliam E. Cullison (1993) "Public Investment and Economic Growth," Federal\nReserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly, v79/4, pp19~33.\n 參考文獻\n何嫈嫈 (1995) 人力資本與亞洲四小龍之經濟成長 中正國際經濟研究所碩士\n 論文。\n林文達 (1984) 教育經濟學 頁15。\n尚瑞國 (1993) 政府支出與經濟成長 政治大學經濟研究所碩士論文。\n林博文 (1998) 我國國防預算之研究 政治大學公共行政研究所博士論文。\n林 全 (1983) 美國國防支出需要的時間序列分析 一九六二---一九八一年\n 《財稅研究》第16卷 頁138。\n孫克難 (1991) 台灣地區政府產出之結構分析 台灣大學經濟研究所博士論文。\n孫克難 (1999) 國防支出對經濟成長的影響 - 台灣實證研究 1999年中央經\n 濟研究所 公共經濟學研討會。\n孫克難 (1983) 台灣地區政府支出結構與成長研究 中華經濟研究院 經濟專\n 論 第34期。\n徐偉初、黃細清(1989)《現階段公共支出水準與結構之研究》財政部賦稅改革\n 委員會。\n徐偉初、王正 (1992) 《財政學》 空中大學出版 頁287~308。\n韋端、何金巡 (1990) 我國公共支出結構研究之探討 財稅研究 第22期\n p13~33。\n黃仁德 (1995) 人力資本與經濟成長 - 台灣實證研究 國科會計劃專案。\n陳式平 (1981) 《國防教育體制》 頁1~5。\n趙振瑛 (1998) 人力資本與經濟成長關係之研究 政治大學經濟研究所博士論\n 文。\n葉金成 (1992) 國防預算的規劃策略 策略之運用及情境之評選 交通大學管\n 科學研究所博士論文。\n劉榮超、周濟 (1984) 公共投資對民間部門的影響 中華經濟研究院 研究專\n 論 第51期。\n劉純之 (1994) 國防事務、經濟成長、社會福利 《國防事務研討專刊》\n 頁13~14。\n蘇彩足 (1993) 我國中央政府公共支出之結構與趨勢分析 國科會專題研究計\n 畫。\nArrow ,K.J. (1962) "The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing," Review of\n Economic Studies , v29, pp155~173.\nAschauer,D.A. (1989) "Is Public Expenditure Productive? ," Journal of Monetary\nEconomics ,v23. ,pp177~199.\nBarro (1990) "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth ,"\nJournal Of Political Economy ,v9, pp103~125.\nBecker ,G.S.(1964) "Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis ,with\nSpecial Reference to Education,?st edn, Princeton University Press .\nBenoit (1973) "Defense and Economic Growth in Developing Countries Lexington ,"\nMassachusetts:Lexington Books.\nBenoit (1978) "Growth and Defense in Developing Countries ," Economic\nDevelopment and Cultural Change, v26, pp271~280.\nChan,S (1988) "Defense Burden and Economic Growth:Unraveling the Taiwan\nEnigma," American Economic Review,v82 ,pp913~920.\nDeger ,S. and R. P. Smith (1983) "Military Expenditure and Growth in the Less\nDeveloped Countries ," Journal of Conflict Resolution, v27, pp335~353.\nDickey,D.A. and Fuller ,W.A (1981)" Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive\nTime Series with a Unit Root ," Econometrica, v49, pp1057~1072.\nEngle ,Robert F, and Byung S., Yoo (1987) "Forecasting and Testing in\nCointegrated Systems," Journal of Econometrics, v35, pp143~159.\nFutagami,K ,Y. Morita and A.Shibata (1993) "Dynamic Analysis of an Endogenous\nGrowth Model with Public Capital," Journal of Economics, v95,pp607~625.\nGranger ,C.W.J. (1988)" Some Recent Development in a Concept of Causality,"\nJournal of Economics, v39.,pp199~211.\nGranger, C.W.J. (1987) "Cointegration and Error Correction: representation ,\nEstimation and Testing ," Ecomometrica , v55, pp251~276 .\nGranger,C.W.J. (1969) "Investigating Causal Relation by Econometric Models and\nCross-Spectral Methods," Econometrica, v37 , pp424~438.\nGewekeJ, R.Meese and W.Dent "Comparing Alternative Tests of Causality in\nTemporal Systems," Journal of Economics ,v21, pp161~185.\nHendrik van den Berg & James R. schmidt (1994) "Foreign Trade and Economic\nGrowth :Time Series Evidence from Latine American ," Journal of\ninternational trade and development, pp249~269.\nHsiao,Cheng (1981) "Autoregressive Modeling and Causal Ordering of Economic\nVariables," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, v4, pp243~259.\nJeording,W (1986) "Economic Growth and Defense spending :Granger causality",\nJournal of Development Economics ,v21,pp35~40\nJohansen and Katarana, Juselius (1990) "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and\nInference on Cointegration with Application to the Demand for Money,"\nOxford Bulletion of Economics and Statistics, v52 pp169~210.\nLin ,Chi-ang (1995) "More Evidence on Wagner`s Law for Mexico, "Public Finance,\nv5, pp267~277.\nLucas R. E. (1988) "On The Mechanics of Economic Development," Journal of\nMonetary Economics, v22.pp3~42.\nMacKinnon J. (1991) "Critical Values for Cointegration Forthcoming in Modelling\nLong Run Economic Relationships ," Oxford University Press, pp267~276.\nMacKinnon J.G. and R. Davidson (1993) "Estimation And Inference in Economics ,"\nOxford University Press, pp715~722.\nMankiw ,G.D Romer ,And D.Weil (1992) "A Contribution to the Empirics of\nEconometric Growth ," Quaterly Journal of Economic Growth, v107,\npp407~437.\nMann,Arthur J.(1990) "Wagner`s Law :An economic Test for Mexico ,1925-1976,"\n National Tax Journal ,v33 pp189-201 .\nMiquel Faig (1995) "A Simple Economy with Human Capital :Transitional\nDynamics, Technology Shocks and Fiscal Policies, " Journal of\nmacroeconomics, v17, pp421~446.\nNangarajan P. and A. Spear (1990) "An Economic Test of Wagner`s Law for\nMexico:A Re-examination," Public Finance ,v45(1) ,pp165-168.\nPhillips ,P,C,B and Pierre Perron (1988) "Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series\nRegression ," Biometrika ,v75,pp147~159.\nRam ,R.(1986) "Governmant Size and Economic Growth :A New Framework and\nSome Evidence from Cross -section and Time Series Data ," American\nEconometric Review, v76, pp191~203.\nRebelo,S & R.G. King (1990) "Public Policy and Economic Growth : Developing\nNeoclassical Implications," Journal of Political Economy , v98,pp126~150.\nRomer ,P.M (1986) "Human Capital and Growth :Theory and Evidence" Carnegie\nRochester Conference Series on Public Policy , v32 ,pp251~286.\nSaid ,E. and David Dickey (1984) "Hypothesis Testing in ARIMA (p,1,q) Models",\nJournal of the America- Statistical-Association pp369~374.\nSims,C. (1972) "Money ,Income ,and Causality, "American Economic Review, v62,\npp540~552.\nVasudeva Murthy N.R (1993) "Further Evidence of Wagner`s Law for Mexico: An\nApplication of Cointegration Analysis ," PublicFinance/FinancePubliques,\nv48(1),pp92-96.\nWeede,E (1983) "Military participations ratios ,Human Capital Formation ,and\nEconomic Growth: A cross-national Analysis ," Journal of Political and\nMilitary Socialogy, v11, pp11~19.\nWilliam E. Cullison (1993) "Public Investment and Economic Growth," Federal\nReserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly, v79/4, pp19~33. zh_TW
