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題名 èæå·¥ä½è ç社æä¿é--以å°ç£ç¾è¡å¶åº¦åå¾·åèè¡å®¶ç¤¾æä¿éªæ³çºä¾ä¹ç 究
Artist Security--Taiwan and Germany作者 é®æç
Juan, Hsiao-Mei貢獻者 éææ¿
Kuo, Min-Cheng
é®æç
Juan, Hsiao-Mei關鍵詞 èè¡å®¶
èè¡å®¶ç¤¾æä¿é
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artist
artist security
social security
social insurance
Taiwan
Germany日期 1998 上傳時間 22-Apr-2016 16:49:57 (UTC+8) 摘要 ããå ¨æ°å¥åº·ä¿éªèªä¸ä¹ä¹äºå¹´èµ·é辦ï¼å³å°ææå°ç£çå ¬æ°ç´å ¥ä¿éªä¹åï¼èæ¤åæï¼èæå·¥ä½è 該åæ¸çºåªä¸é¡è¢«ä¿éªäººç¯ç亦çè«ä¸ä¼ãæ¬æå³æ¯å試å¾ç¤¾æä¿éªçè§åº¦ä¾æ¢è¨èæå·¥ä½è ç社æåç¶æ¿èå¢ã
ãIn 1995, every citizen in Taiwan is recruited into National Health Insurance, but the problem of which category of artists should be has at the same time raised. I investigate social and economic conditions of artists and find that artist security is not enough in Taiwan, even National Health Insurance taking into effect. I demonstrate that the inadequateness of artist security in Taiwan is not only because of policy failure, but also the consequence of social modernization and professionalization of artists.參考文獻 Allen Rubin & Earl Babbie, ç 究æ¹æ³-社æå·¥ä½æ¨äººæ社æç§å¸é åçéç¨ï¼è¶ç¢§è¯ãæ±ç¾çç·¨è¯ï¼å°åï¼éèæ¸å»ï¼1995ã Artist Employment in America-1997, National Endowment for the art, Reasearch Division Note #6, March 25,1998. Bernd Baron von Mazdell(Hrsg.), Kunstlersozialversicherung,:Lexikon des Rechts:Sozialrecht,Neuwied; Darmstadt:Luchterhand,1986,é 190-193. Bernd Schulte, Kunstlersozialversicherungsgesetz-ein zweiter Anlauf, aus ZRP,Munchen, 1980, Heft 1, é 11-14. Bernd Schulte, "Das Gesetz zur Anderung des Kunstlersozialversicherungsgesetz",in Neue jueistische Wochenschrift (NJW) 42,Munchen, 1989, Heft 16, é 1021-1022. Detlev Zollner, "Germany" in The Evolution of Social Insurance 1881-1981-Studies of Germany, France, Great Britain, Austria and Switzerland,Peter A.Kohler and Hans F,Zacher(ed), Munich:Max Planck Institut fur auslandisches und internationales Sozialrecht,1982. Dick Netzer, The Subsidized Museï¼Public Support for the Arts in the United States, New York:Cambridge university press,1978. C.E.å¸èå ï¼ç¾ä»£åçååï¼æ®µå°å è¯ï¼åå·äººæ°åºç社ï¼1988ã Esping-Andersen, Gosta, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, NJ:Princetion University Press,1990. FranzKnieps,"Krankenversicherung",Sozialrechtshandbuch(SRH),Maydell/Ruland(Hrsg.),Berlin:Luchterhand,1996,é 703-820. FranzRuland,"Rentenversicherung" ,Sozialrechtshandbuch(SRH),vonMaydell/Ruland(Hrsg.),Berlin:Luchterhand,1996,é 877-1002. Gerhard A.Ritter, Social Welfare in Germany and Britain:Origins and Development, New York: Gamelot Press,Southampton,1986. Gerhard Brandmuller, Kunstlersozialversicherungsgesetz(KSVG) Kommentar, Verlag R, S, Schulz, 1990. Heiny Stroer und Christine Karuga, Sozialversicherung der Kunstler und Publiyisten,Munchen:Verlag C.H.Beck,1992. Heinz Lampert,Lehrbuch der Sozialpolitik,Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1985. Hugo Fink, "Sondersysteme der Sozialversicherung-Kunstlersozialversicherung",Sozialrechtshandbuch(SRH),Maydell/Ruland(Hrsg.),Berlin:Luchterhand,1996,é 1109-1118. Michel Albertï¼å ©ç¨®è³æ¬ä¸»ç¾©ä¹æ°ï¼èè±æ¦è¯ï¼å°åï¼è¯ç¶ï¼1995ã Lewis Coserï¼ç念ç人ï¼éæ¹çè¯ï¼å°åï¼æ¡å ï¼1992ã Reinhard Hendler,"Organisation und Selbstverwaltung der Sozialversicgerung",Sozialrechtshandbuch(SRH),Maydell/Ruland(Hrsg.),Berlin:Luchterhand,1996,é 207-226. Siegfried Ansey und Wolfgang Koberski, Tarifvertragsgesetz : Kommentar,Frankfurt am Main:Kommentator Verlag,1989. Storey.J, "What is popular culture?" An Introductory Guide to Cultural Theory and Popular Culture,New York: Harvester & Wheatsheaf, 1993. Ursel, Jane, "The State and the Maintenance of Patriarchy:A Case Study of Family, Labour and Welfare Legislation in Canada", from Family, Economic & State, in Dickinson, James and Russell, Bob(ed),Croom Helm London & Sydney. åæ©ï¼ç§å¸é©å½ççµæ§ï¼ç¨æ¨¹å¾·ãå 大çºãçééãé¢æ°¸ç¥¥è¯ï¼å°åï¼é æµï¼1999äºçã æè¨éèªç¤¾ï¼èæç°å¢ï¼å°ç£å縣å¸èæç°å¢èª¿æ¥å¯¦éï¼å°åï¼è¯ç¶ç¸½é·åï¼1994ã ç¢å §åå¿ éï¼æ¥æ¬å¸å主義ä¸ä¹å°ç£ï¼å¨æ²æç¿»è¯ï¼å°åï¼å¸ç±³ç¾æ¸åºï¼1987ã å²æï¼å°ç£äººåç¾å¹´å²ï¼å°åï¼è¬å³¶æåå ¬å¸ï¼1980ã å°é©å°ååå·¥ä¿éªå±ï¼ç¤¾æå®å ¨å°è«ï¼1984ã å®å¾·çâ¢å¡å¯å¤«æ¯åºï¼éå»æå ï¼å°åï¼è¬è±¡åæ¸ï¼1998ã è¡æ¿é¢æå建è¨å§å¡æï¼ååçå©æåäºæ¥æªæ½æè¦ï¼1990ã è¡æ¿é¢ç¶å»ºæï¼æå社æç¦å©ç¾æ³ãåé¡èå°çï¼1998ã è¡æ¿é¢ç¶å»ºæï¼åæ°å¹´éå¶åº¦è¦åå ±åç°¡å ±ï¼1999ã è¡æ¿é¢è¡çç½²ï¼å ¨æ°å¥åº·ä¿éªæ³åä¿®æ£èæ¡ç¸½èªªæã æ榮æ¥ï¼çç³å¸å½±ï¼å°åï¼æ¨æï¼1998ã æ榮æ¥ï¼æ·æ¯ï¼å®èç¸£ç¾ æ±é®ï¼æ榮æ¥çå©æï¼1994ã å¨éºè³ï¼å¹´éå¶åº¦ä¹è²¡æºç±æªï¼ç¼è¡¨æ¼æ¿å¤§æ³å¸é¢ååæ³è社ææ³ç 究ä¸å¿æéãå¹´éå¶åº¦åå ¶æ³å¾è¦ç¯å¸è¡ç è¨æãï¼1998ã æå¿é´»ï¼ç¤¾æè®é·å°å¹´éå¶åº¦ä¹è¡æèå½±é¿ï¼ç¼è¡¨æ¼æ¿å¤§æ³å¸é¢ååæ³è社ææ³ç 究ä¸å¿æéãå¹´éå¶åº¦åå ¶æ³å¾è¦ç¯å¸è¡ç è¨æãï¼1998ã æè³ç«ï¼è§£æ§çç¤ææ çåï¼å°åï¼æå ±ï¼1994ã ææ±æ¢ ï¼èè¡èªç±ä¹ç 究-è«èè¡èªç±ä¹ä¿éãéå¶èèè¡ä¹æ¶å©ï¼å°åï¼è¼ä»å¤§å¸æ³å¾ç 究æ碩士è«æï¼1993ã æè¬åï¼ç¦å©å家-æ·å²æ¯è¼çåæï¼å°åï¼å·¨æµï¼1994ã éèåºï¼å¾å³çµ±å°ç¾ä»£ï¼å°åï¼æå ±ï¼1992ã æ¯æ¨èï¼ç¤¾æä¿éªï¼å°åï¼ä¸å社æä¿éªå¸æï¼1989ã åªåæ²ï¼å°ç£ç¾è¡ç人æè§å¯ï¼å°åï¼é師ç¾è¡ï¼1995ã æ©æ ¼æ¯ï¼é¦¬å æ¯æ©æ ¼æ¯å ¨é第åå·ï¼å°äº¬ï¼æ°è¯æ¸å±ï¼1977ã ç¿å²³çï¼è¡æ¿æ³ï¼å°åï¼ç¿°èï¼1998ã å家æèåºéæï¼å家æèåºéæå «åå 年度æ¥åç 究調æ¥å ±åï¼1998ã å¼µç§é¦ï¼æ³å第äºå ±åçæåæªæ½ï¼å°åï¼æ·¡æ±å¤§å¸ææ´²ç 究æ碩士è«æï¼1985ã å¼µè¯èï¼æ·å²ç¤¾æå¸ï¼å°åï¼ä¸æ°ï¼1993ã èè³æ¦®ï¼ç¾åè¯é¦æåè¡æ¿ï¼è¡æ¿é¢æå建è¨å§å¡æå°è¡ï¼1990ã éææ¿ï¼ãæåèå¹´å®å ¨å¶åº¦ä¹æ´ååå ¶èåæ°å¹´éä¹éä¿ã* éææ¿ï¼ç¤¾æå®å ¨å¶åº¦è社ææ³ï¼å°åï¼ç¿°èï¼1997ã éææ¿ï¼ç¤¾æå¸å ´ç¶æ¿è社æä¿éª-å¾·åç¶é©åå ¶å°æ¼å°ç£ä¹å示ï¼ã* éææ¿ï¼å¾·å1999å¹´å¹´éæ¹é©æ³åå ¶å°æ¼å°ç£ä¹å示ï¼ä¸å社æä¿éªå¸æï¼ç¤¾æä¿éªå¹´å第21æï¼1999ã éææ¿ï¼æ¬£è¦å¤§æ³å®çºç¦å©å家èæ¸ï¼ä¸åæå ±æè«å»£å ´ï¼1999å¹´2æ21æ¥ã é³å°ç´ ï¼æå社æç¦å©é«ç³»ä¹å¯¦æ½èè©ä¼°ï¼è¡æ¿é¢ç¶å»ºæå§è¨ç 究è¨ç«ï¼1996å¹´6æã é³ç§çãé³ä¿¡æ¨ï¼èè¡ç¤¾æå¸ï¼å°åï¼å·¨æµï¼1993ã åèå°¼ï¼é è®-ç¶ä»£æ¿æ²»ãç¶æ¿çèµ·æºï¼é»æ¨¹æ°ãç³ä½³é³ãå»ç«æè¯ï¼å°åï¼æ°æ©è¯å¢ï¼1989ã é»ä¸é«ï¼èå¹´å®å ¨å¶åº¦èæ¿åºè²¡æ¿ï¼ç¼è¡¨æ¼æ¿å¤§æ³å¸é¢ååæ³è社ææ³ç 究ä¸å¿æéãå¹´éå¶åº¦åå ¶æ³å¾è¦ç¯å¸è¡ç è¨æãï¼1998ã é»è¶æ¬½ï¼ç§æ³è«æéï¼å°åï¼ä¸ç´æ¸å±ï¼1980ã åæ士â¢æ¯å¡ï¼ç念ç人ï¼å°åï¼æ¡å ï¼1992ã å¾·å°¼æ¯â¢äºæ¯æ¼ï¼ç¾å¸ï¼æ¬æ£ãé寶è±è¯ï¼å°åï¼é æµï¼1997ã éé²ç¼ï¼å¾·åçãèè¡å®¶ä¿éªãèãè·æ¥èè¡å®¶è¯çã-å¾è¯å±±ç¹åè«èµ·ï¼æ¶éæ¼ç¶ä»£éèªç¬¬ä¸äºä¹æï¼1998å¹´5æã èæ°ç ï¼ãå°ç£æ°è社æéåçåææ¶æ§ãï¼æ¶éæ¼å¾å æ£ãå®æéåç·¨å°ç£æ°è社æéåä¸æ¸ï¼å°åï¼å·¨æµï¼1990ã è¬å¾µåï¼ç¤¾æåé¡å社ææ¿çï¼å°åï¼æ£ä¸ï¼1984ã 描述 碩士
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85254009資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002001420 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor éææ¿ zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Kuo, Min-Cheng en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) é®æç zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Juan, Hsiao-Mei en_US dc.creator (作者) é®æç zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Juan, Hsiao-Mei en_US dc.date (日期) 1998 en_US dc.date.accessioned 22-Apr-2016 16:49:57 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 22-Apr-2016 16:49:57 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 22-Apr-2016 16:49:57 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002001420 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/86089 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) åç«æ¿æ²»å¤§å¸ zh_TW dc.description (描述) 社æå¸ç³» zh_TW dc.description (描述) 85254009 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) ããå ¨æ°å¥åº·ä¿éªèªä¸ä¹ä¹äºå¹´èµ·é辦ï¼å³å°ææå°ç£çå ¬æ°ç´å ¥ä¿éªä¹åï¼èæ¤åæï¼èæå·¥ä½è 該åæ¸çºåªä¸é¡è¢«ä¿éªäººç¯ç亦çè«ä¸ä¼ãæ¬æå³æ¯å試å¾ç¤¾æä¿éªçè§åº¦ä¾æ¢è¨èæå·¥ä½è ç社æåç¶æ¿èå¢ã zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) ãIn 1995, every citizen in Taiwan is recruited into National Health Insurance, but the problem of which category of artists should be has at the same time raised. I investigate social and economic conditions of artists and find that artist security is not enough in Taiwan, even National Health Insurance taking into effect. I demonstrate that the inadequateness of artist security in Taiwan is not only because of policy failure, but also the consequence of social modernization and professionalization of artists. en_US dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002001420 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) èè¡å®¶ zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) èè¡å®¶ç¤¾æä¿é zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社æå®å ¨ zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社æä¿éª zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) å°ç£ zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) å¾·å zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) artist en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) artist security en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) social security en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) social insurance en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Germany en_US dc.title (題名) èæå·¥ä½è ç社æä¿é--以å°ç£ç¾è¡å¶åº¦åå¾·åèè¡å®¶ç¤¾æä¿éªæ³çºä¾ä¹ç 究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Artist Security--Taiwan and Germany en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Allen Rubin & Earl Babbie, ç 究æ¹æ³-社æå·¥ä½æ¨äººæ社æç§å¸é åçéç¨ï¼è¶ç¢§è¯ãæ±ç¾çç·¨è¯ï¼å°åï¼éèæ¸å»ï¼1995ã Artist Employment in America-1997, National Endowment for the art, Reasearch Division Note #6, March 25,1998. Bernd Baron von Mazdell(Hrsg.), Kunstlersozialversicherung,:Lexikon des Rechts:Sozialrecht,Neuwied; Darmstadt:Luchterhand,1986,é 190-193. Bernd Schulte, Kunstlersozialversicherungsgesetz-ein zweiter Anlauf, aus ZRP,Munchen, 1980, Heft 1, é 11-14. Bernd Schulte, "Das Gesetz zur Anderung des Kunstlersozialversicherungsgesetz",in Neue jueistische Wochenschrift (NJW) 42,Munchen, 1989, Heft 16, é 1021-1022. Detlev Zollner, "Germany" in The Evolution of Social Insurance 1881-1981-Studies of Germany, France, Great Britain, Austria and Switzerland,Peter A.Kohler and Hans F,Zacher(ed), Munich:Max Planck Institut fur auslandisches und internationales Sozialrecht,1982. Dick Netzer, The Subsidized Museï¼Public Support for the Arts in the United States, New York:Cambridge university press,1978. C.E.å¸èå ï¼ç¾ä»£åçååï¼æ®µå°å è¯ï¼åå·äººæ°åºç社ï¼1988ã Esping-Andersen, Gosta, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, NJ:Princetion University Press,1990. FranzKnieps,"Krankenversicherung",Sozialrechtshandbuch(SRH),Maydell/Ruland(Hrsg.),Berlin:Luchterhand,1996,é 703-820. FranzRuland,"Rentenversicherung" ,Sozialrechtshandbuch(SRH),vonMaydell/Ruland(Hrsg.),Berlin:Luchterhand,1996,é 877-1002. Gerhard A.Ritter, Social Welfare in Germany and Britain:Origins and Development, New York: Gamelot Press,Southampton,1986. Gerhard Brandmuller, Kunstlersozialversicherungsgesetz(KSVG) Kommentar, Verlag R, S, Schulz, 1990. Heiny Stroer und Christine Karuga, Sozialversicherung der Kunstler und Publiyisten,Munchen:Verlag C.H.Beck,1992. Heinz Lampert,Lehrbuch der Sozialpolitik,Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1985. Hugo Fink, "Sondersysteme der Sozialversicherung-Kunstlersozialversicherung",Sozialrechtshandbuch(SRH),Maydell/Ruland(Hrsg.),Berlin:Luchterhand,1996,é 1109-1118. Michel Albertï¼å ©ç¨®è³æ¬ä¸»ç¾©ä¹æ°ï¼èè±æ¦è¯ï¼å°åï¼è¯ç¶ï¼1995ã Lewis Coserï¼ç念ç人ï¼éæ¹çè¯ï¼å°åï¼æ¡å ï¼1992ã Reinhard Hendler,"Organisation und Selbstverwaltung der Sozialversicgerung",Sozialrechtshandbuch(SRH),Maydell/Ruland(Hrsg.),Berlin:Luchterhand,1996,é 207-226. Siegfried Ansey und Wolfgang Koberski, Tarifvertragsgesetz : Kommentar,Frankfurt am Main:Kommentator Verlag,1989. Storey.J, "What is popular culture?" An Introductory Guide to Cultural Theory and Popular Culture,New York: Harvester & Wheatsheaf, 1993. Ursel, Jane, "The State and the Maintenance of Patriarchy:A Case Study of Family, Labour and Welfare Legislation in Canada", from Family, Economic & State, in Dickinson, James and Russell, Bob(ed),Croom Helm London & Sydney. åæ©ï¼ç§å¸é©å½ççµæ§ï¼ç¨æ¨¹å¾·ãå 大çºãçééãé¢æ°¸ç¥¥è¯ï¼å°åï¼é æµï¼1999äºçã æè¨éèªç¤¾ï¼èæç°å¢ï¼å°ç£å縣å¸èæç°å¢èª¿æ¥å¯¦éï¼å°åï¼è¯ç¶ç¸½é·åï¼1994ã ç¢å §åå¿ éï¼æ¥æ¬å¸å主義ä¸ä¹å°ç£ï¼å¨æ²æç¿»è¯ï¼å°åï¼å¸ç±³ç¾æ¸åºï¼1987ã å²æï¼å°ç£äººåç¾å¹´å²ï¼å°åï¼è¬å³¶æåå ¬å¸ï¼1980ã å°é©å°ååå·¥ä¿éªå±ï¼ç¤¾æå®å ¨å°è«ï¼1984ã å®å¾·çâ¢å¡å¯å¤«æ¯åºï¼éå»æå ï¼å°åï¼è¬è±¡åæ¸ï¼1998ã è¡æ¿é¢æå建è¨å§å¡æï¼ååçå©æåäºæ¥æªæ½æè¦ï¼1990ã è¡æ¿é¢ç¶å»ºæï¼æå社æç¦å©ç¾æ³ãåé¡èå°çï¼1998ã è¡æ¿é¢ç¶å»ºæï¼åæ°å¹´éå¶åº¦è¦åå ±åç°¡å ±ï¼1999ã è¡æ¿é¢è¡çç½²ï¼å ¨æ°å¥åº·ä¿éªæ³åä¿®æ£èæ¡ç¸½èªªæã æ榮æ¥ï¼çç³å¸å½±ï¼å°åï¼æ¨æï¼1998ã æ榮æ¥ï¼æ·æ¯ï¼å®èç¸£ç¾ æ±é®ï¼æ榮æ¥çå©æï¼1994ã å¨éºè³ï¼å¹´éå¶åº¦ä¹è²¡æºç±æªï¼ç¼è¡¨æ¼æ¿å¤§æ³å¸é¢ååæ³è社ææ³ç 究ä¸å¿æéãå¹´éå¶åº¦åå ¶æ³å¾è¦ç¯å¸è¡ç è¨æãï¼1998ã æå¿é´»ï¼ç¤¾æè®é·å°å¹´éå¶åº¦ä¹è¡æèå½±é¿ï¼ç¼è¡¨æ¼æ¿å¤§æ³å¸é¢ååæ³è社ææ³ç 究ä¸å¿æéãå¹´éå¶åº¦åå ¶æ³å¾è¦ç¯å¸è¡ç è¨æãï¼1998ã æè³ç«ï¼è§£æ§çç¤ææ çåï¼å°åï¼æå ±ï¼1994ã ææ±æ¢ ï¼èè¡èªç±ä¹ç 究-è«èè¡èªç±ä¹ä¿éãéå¶èèè¡ä¹æ¶å©ï¼å°åï¼è¼ä»å¤§å¸æ³å¾ç 究æ碩士è«æï¼1993ã æè¬åï¼ç¦å©å家-æ·å²æ¯è¼çåæï¼å°åï¼å·¨æµï¼1994ã éèåºï¼å¾å³çµ±å°ç¾ä»£ï¼å°åï¼æå ±ï¼1992ã æ¯æ¨èï¼ç¤¾æä¿éªï¼å°åï¼ä¸å社æä¿éªå¸æï¼1989ã åªåæ²ï¼å°ç£ç¾è¡ç人æè§å¯ï¼å°åï¼é師ç¾è¡ï¼1995ã æ©æ ¼æ¯ï¼é¦¬å æ¯æ©æ ¼æ¯å ¨é第åå·ï¼å°äº¬ï¼æ°è¯æ¸å±ï¼1977ã ç¿å²³çï¼è¡æ¿æ³ï¼å°åï¼ç¿°èï¼1998ã å家æèåºéæï¼å家æèåºéæå «åå 年度æ¥åç 究調æ¥å ±åï¼1998ã å¼µç§é¦ï¼æ³å第äºå ±åçæåæªæ½ï¼å°åï¼æ·¡æ±å¤§å¸ææ´²ç 究æ碩士è«æï¼1985ã å¼µè¯èï¼æ·å²ç¤¾æå¸ï¼å°åï¼ä¸æ°ï¼1993ã èè³æ¦®ï¼ç¾åè¯é¦æåè¡æ¿ï¼è¡æ¿é¢æå建è¨å§å¡æå°è¡ï¼1990ã éææ¿ï¼ãæåèå¹´å®å ¨å¶åº¦ä¹æ´ååå ¶èåæ°å¹´éä¹éä¿ã* éææ¿ï¼ç¤¾æå®å ¨å¶åº¦è社ææ³ï¼å°åï¼ç¿°èï¼1997ã éææ¿ï¼ç¤¾æå¸å ´ç¶æ¿è社æä¿éª-å¾·åç¶é©åå ¶å°æ¼å°ç£ä¹å示ï¼ã* éææ¿ï¼å¾·å1999å¹´å¹´éæ¹é©æ³åå ¶å°æ¼å°ç£ä¹å示ï¼ä¸å社æä¿éªå¸æï¼ç¤¾æä¿éªå¹´å第21æï¼1999ã éææ¿ï¼æ¬£è¦å¤§æ³å®çºç¦å©å家èæ¸ï¼ä¸åæå ±æè«å»£å ´ï¼1999å¹´2æ21æ¥ã é³å°ç´ ï¼æå社æç¦å©é«ç³»ä¹å¯¦æ½èè©ä¼°ï¼è¡æ¿é¢ç¶å»ºæå§è¨ç 究è¨ç«ï¼1996å¹´6æã é³ç§çãé³ä¿¡æ¨ï¼èè¡ç¤¾æå¸ï¼å°åï¼å·¨æµï¼1993ã åèå°¼ï¼é è®-ç¶ä»£æ¿æ²»ãç¶æ¿çèµ·æºï¼é»æ¨¹æ°ãç³ä½³é³ãå»ç«æè¯ï¼å°åï¼æ°æ©è¯å¢ï¼1989ã é»ä¸é«ï¼èå¹´å®å ¨å¶åº¦èæ¿åºè²¡æ¿ï¼ç¼è¡¨æ¼æ¿å¤§æ³å¸é¢ååæ³è社ææ³ç 究ä¸å¿æéãå¹´éå¶åº¦åå ¶æ³å¾è¦ç¯å¸è¡ç è¨æãï¼1998ã é»è¶æ¬½ï¼ç§æ³è«æéï¼å°åï¼ä¸ç´æ¸å±ï¼1980ã åæ士â¢æ¯å¡ï¼ç念ç人ï¼å°åï¼æ¡å ï¼1992ã å¾·å°¼æ¯â¢äºæ¯æ¼ï¼ç¾å¸ï¼æ¬æ£ãé寶è±è¯ï¼å°åï¼é æµï¼1997ã éé²ç¼ï¼å¾·åçãèè¡å®¶ä¿éªãèãè·æ¥èè¡å®¶è¯çã-å¾è¯å±±ç¹åè«èµ·ï¼æ¶éæ¼ç¶ä»£éèªç¬¬ä¸äºä¹æï¼1998å¹´5æã èæ°ç ï¼ãå°ç£æ°è社æéåçåææ¶æ§ãï¼æ¶éæ¼å¾å æ£ãå®æéåç·¨å°ç£æ°è社æéåä¸æ¸ï¼å°åï¼å·¨æµï¼1990ã è¬å¾µåï¼ç¤¾æåé¡å社ææ¿çï¼å°åï¼æ£ä¸ï¼1984ã zh_TW