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題名 獨立後印尼外交政策之研究
Study on Indonesia`s foreign policy since independence
作者 林文俊
Lin, Wen-Chiun
貢獻者 陳鴻瑜<br>李登科<br>區鉅龍
Chen, Hurng-Yu<br>Lee, Deng-Ker<br>David Auw
林文俊
Lin, Wen-Chiun
關鍵詞 印尼
外交政策
獨立與積極
東協
蘇哈托
國際關係
Indonesia
Foreign policy
Independent and active
ASEAN
Soeharto
International relations
日期 1997
上傳時間 27-四月-2016 15:17:20 (UTC+8)
摘要 印尼位處於歐亞大陸東南側島鍊,其國土是由一連串的島嶼所構成,總面積達一百九十二萬平方公里,人口約有一億九千六百六十多萬人o長久以來印尼在國際上的重要性與地位似乎與其眾多人口不成比例,這是因印尼自從一九四五年從荷蘭殖民統治獨立以來,便是堅持第三世界不結盟政策的態度有關o但是不可否認的是,印尼在東南亞地區的重要性是極為顯著的,從政治面來看,印尼是東南亞最重要的區域性國際組織[東南亞國家協會]的一員,從東協的成立與發展的進程,印尼都扮演了積極的角色o從經濟面來看,人口將近二億的印尼是東南亞地區不可忽視的潛在重要市場,儘管印尼現階段的經濟發展水準仍遠落後新加坡,馬來西亞和泰國等鄰近國家,但就其潛力而言,印尼顯然擁有更豐富的資源o近年來我國政府推行[南向政策],積極加強與東南亞國家的聯繫,國人對於東南亞國家漸有所認知,然大部分僅限於經濟層面的介紹,相關政治,外交的介紹則是缺少,這對於積極發展國際空間的我國而言,更需要進一步地了解東南亞林鄰近國家o 一般而言,東南亞地區在國人的認知中除了是熱帶國家,旅遊勝地之外,另一方面仍殘存過去的印象以為東南亞地區大多是戰亂頻仍的國家,這實在是資訊欠缺所致o此外國內的國際關係研究大多偏向西歐,美國等已開發國家,或者是彼岸的大陸研究,相對之下第三世界開發中國家的研究則略嫌單薄,而東南亞地區多為開發中國家o今日在亞太世紀來臨之際,亞太地區的政治,經濟,社會都會成為研究焦點,而我國倡導成立[亞太營運中心],更需要對週邊國家進行深入研究,印尼作為東南亞地區大國,其重要性可見一斑o 本文嘗試對於印尼的外交政策做一番回顧,提供 進一步的認識,而最重要的研究目的在試圖解釋印尼此一人口眾多,土地廣邈的國家為何在獨立後採行獨立與積極的外交政策? 蘇卡諾時期與蘇哈托時期外交政策的轉折原因何在?印尼本身具有許多優勢條件,可以成為東南亞大國,但又為何在蘇哈托執政初期不願介入區域事務,其轉變因素為何?一九九零年代初期,印尼在外交政策上又做了一些修正,開始積極參與國際組織的活動,尤其是不結盟運組織與聯合國,促成的原因為何?這些都是筆者在本文中嘗試解釋的重要議題o
Republic of Indonesia is situated to the south-east side of the Euro-Asia Continent. The whole territory consists of a series of islands and small islets which is about 1,919,443 square kilometers. Its total population isabout 196,600,000. For a long time, the international status of Indonesia isnot consistent with its large population. This is because Indonesia has laidemphasis on Third World Non-Aligement approach in its foreign policy since it declared independ ence off Netherlands in 1945. However, there is no denying that the importance of Indonesia in the South-East region is obvious. In the political arena, In donesia has been the largest country in the Association of South-East Asian Nations(ASEAN) and played a constructive and active role since its inauguration in 1967. In the economic arena, with it`s approximately 2 billion people, Indonesia is the potential market for international trade. Although the economic development of Indonesia is still far behind Singapore, Malaysia and Thiland, its neighboring countries, its abudant natural resources are of no rivalry. In these years, our government has embarked on a "Southward Policy" and actively enhanced the relations with southeast Asian nations. Therefore, we have furtherknowledge of these nations. However, these knowledge are limited to economicaffairs without mentioning the political and diplomatic affairs. For our country, who is striving for developing our international status, we need moreinfromation about these countries. Besides, the international studies in Taiwanplace more emphasis on West Europe, America ,the developed countries, and Chinses Mainland. By contrary, studies on the Third World developing countriesare few and lacking. Today, the Asia-Pacific century is coming and the political, economic and social affairs in the region will be the focus ofresearching. Taiwan plans to lead the "Asian Pacific Operational Center", whichplan needs more studies on our neighboring countries. Indonesia is the largestcountry in the southeast Asia, and its importance is clear. This thesis is trying retrospect the history of Indonesia`s foreign policy and providing furthur knowledge. What is most is to explain why indonesia, such a populousand large country, chose to act independently and actively right after itsindependence off Netherlands? What is the reason that causes the change offoreing policy between Sukarno and So eharto regime? Indonesia itself hasfull reason to be the leader in the southeast Asia. why did it choose to lessinvolved in the regional affairs in the beginning of Soeharto regime? The Author is trying to explain these issues in this thesis.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
84253017
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002001757
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳鴻瑜<br>李登科<br>區鉅龍zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Hurng-Yu<br>Lee, Deng-Ker<br>David Auwen_US
dc.contributor.author (作者) 林文俊zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) Lin, Wen-Chiunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林文俊zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Wen-Chiunen_US
dc.date (日期) 1997en_US
dc.date.accessioned 27-四月-2016 15:17:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 27-四月-2016 15:17:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 27-四月-2016 15:17:20 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) B2002001757en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/86622-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 84253017zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 印尼位處於歐亞大陸東南側島鍊,其國土是由一連串的島嶼所構成,總面積達一百九十二萬平方公里,人口約有一億九千六百六十多萬人o長久以來印尼在國際上的重要性與地位似乎與其眾多人口不成比例,這是因印尼自從一九四五年從荷蘭殖民統治獨立以來,便是堅持第三世界不結盟政策的態度有關o但是不可否認的是,印尼在東南亞地區的重要性是極為顯著的,從政治面來看,印尼是東南亞最重要的區域性國際組織[東南亞國家協會]的一員,從東協的成立與發展的進程,印尼都扮演了積極的角色o從經濟面來看,人口將近二億的印尼是東南亞地區不可忽視的潛在重要市場,儘管印尼現階段的經濟發展水準仍遠落後新加坡,馬來西亞和泰國等鄰近國家,但就其潛力而言,印尼顯然擁有更豐富的資源o近年來我國政府推行[南向政策],積極加強與東南亞國家的聯繫,國人對於東南亞國家漸有所認知,然大部分僅限於經濟層面的介紹,相關政治,外交的介紹則是缺少,這對於積極發展國際空間的我國而言,更需要進一步地了解東南亞林鄰近國家o 一般而言,東南亞地區在國人的認知中除了是熱帶國家,旅遊勝地之外,另一方面仍殘存過去的印象以為東南亞地區大多是戰亂頻仍的國家,這實在是資訊欠缺所致o此外國內的國際關係研究大多偏向西歐,美國等已開發國家,或者是彼岸的大陸研究,相對之下第三世界開發中國家的研究則略嫌單薄,而東南亞地區多為開發中國家o今日在亞太世紀來臨之際,亞太地區的政治,經濟,社會都會成為研究焦點,而我國倡導成立[亞太營運中心],更需要對週邊國家進行深入研究,印尼作為東南亞地區大國,其重要性可見一斑o 本文嘗試對於印尼的外交政策做一番回顧,提供 進一步的認識,而最重要的研究目的在試圖解釋印尼此一人口眾多,土地廣邈的國家為何在獨立後採行獨立與積極的外交政策? 蘇卡諾時期與蘇哈托時期外交政策的轉折原因何在?印尼本身具有許多優勢條件,可以成為東南亞大國,但又為何在蘇哈托執政初期不願介入區域事務,其轉變因素為何?一九九零年代初期,印尼在外交政策上又做了一些修正,開始積極參與國際組織的活動,尤其是不結盟運組織與聯合國,促成的原因為何?這些都是筆者在本文中嘗試解釋的重要議題ozh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Republic of Indonesia is situated to the south-east side of the Euro-Asia Continent. The whole territory consists of a series of islands and small islets which is about 1,919,443 square kilometers. Its total population isabout 196,600,000. For a long time, the international status of Indonesia isnot consistent with its large population. This is because Indonesia has laidemphasis on Third World Non-Aligement approach in its foreign policy since it declared independ ence off Netherlands in 1945. However, there is no denying that the importance of Indonesia in the South-East region is obvious. In the political arena, In donesia has been the largest country in the Association of South-East Asian Nations(ASEAN) and played a constructive and active role since its inauguration in 1967. In the economic arena, with it`s approximately 2 billion people, Indonesia is the potential market for international trade. Although the economic development of Indonesia is still far behind Singapore, Malaysia and Thiland, its neighboring countries, its abudant natural resources are of no rivalry. In these years, our government has embarked on a "Southward Policy" and actively enhanced the relations with southeast Asian nations. Therefore, we have furtherknowledge of these nations. However, these knowledge are limited to economicaffairs without mentioning the political and diplomatic affairs. For our country, who is striving for developing our international status, we need moreinfromation about these countries. Besides, the international studies in Taiwanplace more emphasis on West Europe, America ,the developed countries, and Chinses Mainland. By contrary, studies on the Third World developing countriesare few and lacking. Today, the Asia-Pacific century is coming and the political, economic and social affairs in the region will be the focus ofresearching. Taiwan plans to lead the "Asian Pacific Operational Center", whichplan needs more studies on our neighboring countries. Indonesia is the largestcountry in the southeast Asia, and its importance is clear. This thesis is trying retrospect the history of Indonesia`s foreign policy and providing furthur knowledge. What is most is to explain why indonesia, such a populousand large country, chose to act independently and actively right after itsindependence off Netherlands? What is the reason that causes the change offoreing policy between Sukarno and So eharto regime? Indonesia itself hasfull reason to be the leader in the southeast Asia. why did it choose to lessinvolved in the regional affairs in the beginning of Soeharto regime? The Author is trying to explain these issues in this thesis.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
     第一章 緒論 1
     第一節 研究動機與目的 2
     第二節 研究方法與研究架構 3
     第三節 研究範圍 8
     第四節 研究限制與資料來源 8
     
     第二章 影響印尼外交政策的因素 11
     第一節 國內環境層面 15
     壹、歷史背景 15
     貳、地理環境 26
     參、人口及社會結構 30
     肆、政府因素 33
     伍、經濟困素 38
     陸、一九四五年憲法 43
     第二節 國際環境層面 48
     壹、第二次世界大戰後東南亞國際情勢 48
     貳、東南亞國家協會的成立與合作 49
     參、冷戰結束後東南亞國際情勢 52
     第三節 決策者因素 54
     
     第三章 印尼外交政策取向、國家角色與政策目標 67
     第一節 外交政策取向 70
     第二節 國家角色 74
     第三節 外交政策目標 78
     
     第四章 印尼與列強關係 85
     第一節 印尼與美國 88
     第二節 印尼與中共 100
     第三節 印尼與蘇聯(俄羅斯) 112
     第四節 印尼與日本 122
     
     第五章 印尼與區域國家關係 139
     第一節 印尼與馬來西亞 140
     第二節 印尼與新加坡 151
     第三節 印尼與印支半島 158
     壹、印尼對越戰的態度 158
     貳、印尼對柬埔寨問題的態度 162
     
     第六章 印尼在國際組域的活動 175
     第一節 印尼與東南亞國家協會 176
     第二節 印尼與聯合國 192
     第三節 印尼與不結盟運動組織 201
     第四節 印尼與回教國家組織 210
     第五節 印尼與石油輸出國家組織 220
     
     第七章 結論 233
     
     附錄
     附錄1--印度尼西亞共和國憲法(一九四五年八月) 240
     
     
     附表
     表1--印尼外交政策產出與解釋 7
     表2--歷年印尼國會大選主要政黨得票率表 34
     表3--印尼主要礦產產量(1976-88) 40
     表4--亞太各主要國家近幾年軍事預算趨勢 82
     表5--印尼外交政策的取向、角色與目標整理表 82
     表6--美日透過「政府問援助印尼團」提供印尼的援助 92
     表7--日本與印尼貿易、投資與援助關係 127
     表8--日本「官方發展援助」的接受國 128
     表9--印尼與馬來西亞的聯合軍事演習 144
     表10--印尼與新加坡海空軍聯合演習 154
     表11--東協區域論壇整理 184
     表12--聯合國大會有關東帝汶問題的投票記錄 195
     表13--印尼與中東國家的外貿(一九八八年) 217
     表14--石油輸出國家原油與天然氣蘊藏量(一九八○年) 222
     表15--石油輸出國家經濟實力比較表 223
     表16--印尼歷年的石油產量與收益 225
     
     參考書目 244
zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002001757en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 印尼zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 外交政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 獨立與積極zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 東協zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 蘇哈托zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 國際關係zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Indonesiaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Foreign policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Independent and activeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ASEANen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Soehartoen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International relationsen_US
dc.title (題名) 獨立後印尼外交政策之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Study on Indonesia`s foreign policy since independenceen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US