國際學生流動的決定因子分析— 引力模型之應用

Abstract

全球化時代下，國際學生流動情形日益頻繁，各國也紛紛透過高等教育政策的擬定吸引國際學生，而臺灣的「新南向政策」即為一例。掌握國際學生流動的決定因子是政策有效的關鍵，然而，決定因子相關量化研究仍付之闕如，且多著重於單一國家。本研究結合引力模型與推拉理論，採用2016年國際資料庫數據，針對全球74個主要國家進行多層次分析，並檢視全球層次、區域間層次、區域內層次與新南向政策層次學生流動之主要決定因子。分析結果反映隨著教育樞紐的出現，國際學生流動已演變出新的模式。學生流動方向的多元化使得基本變項與過往研究中顯著的進階變項解釋力大幅降低，而科技創新與教育品質因素則對國際學生流動具有關鍵效果，人類發展指數較高的國家則能吸引較多國際人才，特別是在全球及區域間流動上。綜而言之，國家應當追求在全球社會下的卓越表現，展現科技、學術上的競爭性，才能有效提升對國際學生的拉力，並是國家高等教育政策成功的關鍵策略。

International student mobility (ISM) has become more frequent in the era of globalization. Countries are committed to recruiting international students through higher education policies, and identifying the determinants of international student mobility is the key to effective policies. This paper aims to examine the determinants of student mobility on the global level, inter-continental level, intra-continental level, and Taiwan`s New Southbound Policy level, applying the gravity equation and illustrating in the context of Push-Pull theory. Based on data from international datasets, regression analysis is conducted with national-level data of 74 countries worldwide in 2016. The result reveals that international student flow has evolved into new patterns currently with the emergence of regional education hubs, and the diverse directions of mobility have weakened the effect of basic and advanced variables significant in previous research. This paper also shed light on the crucial role of technological innovation and education quality factors, and countries with a higher Human Development Index attract more international talents, especially for global and inter-continental mobility. Generally, the empirical study encourages countries for the pursuit of excellence in a global society, to effectively enhance the pull effect of international talents, and leads to the success of higher education policies.