蒙特梭利幼兒教育中「物理科學教具」之研發

Abstract

本研究參照蒙特梭利感官教具，研發四套新的蒙氏物理科學教具，透過參與式觀察，進行研發之蒙氏物理科學教具的實驗教學，計畫將觀察之內容錄製影像，透過解析與詮釋幼兒工作影片，探討在蒙特梭利3~6歲環境中，設置「物理知識」之科學教育工作的可能面貌，並理解科學領域工作存在於幼兒園的教育意涵。具體而言，以幼兒透過自由工作，操作研究者設計之物理力學教具之經驗，提供幼兒身體覺知與物件探索等面向的學習作為本研究的探討核心。\n計畫將採行動研究的取向，在幼兒的蒙特梭利工作時間中，增設關於「物理知識」之科學工作，目的在於理解幼兒對「物理知識」之科學工作的反應，與對「物理知識」概念吸收的表現。透過拍攝幼兒操作物理力學教具影片，每組教具選取1部影片來加以分析及詮釋其教育意涵。\n最後研究建議幼兒園課程之設計規劃，以蒙氏幼兒園為例，奠基在感官以及數學的基礎上，增加包含物理力學原理且具身體知覺、挑戰性、創造性科學內涵之教具，以符合現代幼童的需要。

The research takes Montessori sensorial material for reference and develops four sets of new Montessori Physical science education material. Through participatory observations, experimental teaching of the Montessori Physical science education material is carried out. By analyzing and interpreting children`s working video, exploring the possibilities of physical science education work in the Montessori environment of 3 to 6 years old, and understand the educational implications of scientific education in kindergartens. The core of this research is to provide children with the experience of free work, operating the physical science education material designed by the researcher, and to provide children with physical awareness and object exploration.\nThe project will adopt the orientation of action research, adding physical science education work during children’s Montessori working period, with the purpose of understanding children’s reactions to the scientific work of "physics knowledge" and the performance of concept absorption. By shooting videos of children operating the physical science education material, selects one video to analyze and interpret their educational implications for each group.\nThe final research suggests the design and planning of the kindergarten curriculum, taking Montessori kindergarten as an example, based on the sensorial and mathematics, adding Physical science education that include the principles of physics and materials that are physically aware, challenging, and creating scientific connotations to meet the needs of the modern children.