蔣中正對印尼內戰的另一個構想──「南海計劃」

Abstract

「南海計劃」是1958年6月初中華民國國防部在蔣中正指示下提出的計劃，內容為一系列針對「印尼革命軍」的援助計劃，目標在於協助「革命軍」持續對印尼蘇卡諾政府作戰，進而推翻其統治，建立反共的印尼政府。裡頭包含了對「革命軍」的軍火援助、對假想敵中共的攔截作戰、以及對印尼登陸作戰三大部分。此一大膽的計劃早在五月下旬的發想階段即遭美國勸阻，日後發展也證明在缺乏美國幫助下，「南海計劃」僅能得到有限度之執行。然而我們依舊可以追問，究竟是什麼考量，讓蔣中正在完成反攻大業前，還願意耗費如此心神，給予印尼內戰如此高的關注、甚至在美國反應冷淡時仍堅持不懈？本研究將從蔣中正的角度，解析其對印尼內戰和東亞局勢的理解，進而解釋支持印尼內戰在蔣中正心中與反攻大陸的潛在連結，以及冷戰下蔣中正和美國之間想法的分歧。

“South China Sea Plan” was drew by Ministry of National Defense of ROC in the beginning of June of 1958 under Chiang’s instruction. The plan was designed for assisting the “revolutionaries” in Indonesia, who called themselves “Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI)”, in order to keep fighting against Sukarno administration till building a new anti-communist government in Indonesia. To achieve the goal, arms assistance, blocking operation against Communist China in South China Sea and sending forces to Indonesia were all included in this plan. Even though the ideas of this adventurous plan of Taipei had been dissuaded by Washington since the end of May, Chiang was still decidedly to carry on it. While it proved that implementation of the plan was beyond the capacity of ROC without assistance from US, Chiang’s unusual enthusiasm for helping PRRI rasied some questions for us. Why did Chiang pay attention to Indonesia before he struck back to Mainland China, and insisted on intervention whatever discouraged by US? This thesis will try to analyze Chiang’s perceptions on civil war in Indonesia and the political situations of Far East which arose the plan, to explain the connections between Chiang’s support democratic revolution in Indonesia and his “Strike Back” Policy, and what made his perspective different from US policy towards Indonesia during the Cold War.