我國外離島地區查緝兩岸海上犯罪之研究以馬祖為例

Abstract

我國外離島地區主要包含金門群島、馬祖列島以及澎湖群島等地區，其中馬祖列島由南竿、北竿、東莒、西莒、東引、西引、高登、亮島、大坵及小坵等數十座島嶼所構成，分布在長度約54 海里的範圍內。為目前臺灣最北端之領土，總面積約29.6平方公里，人口約1.3萬人，以相對位置而言，地理位置位於臺灣海峽西北西方，距離基隆約114海浬（南竿至基隆），臨近中國大陸閩江口、連江口、羅源灣，東距基隆114海里，西南距金門152海里，南距澎湖180 海里，又以高登島距離大陸北茭半島最為接近，僅隔約5海里（9.25公里），與中國大陸僅呎水之隔，在反共復國的年代，這裡曾與金門共同擔綱保衛臺灣本島的前哨，島內隨處可見標語、坑道及國軍等，形塑出極具風格的戰地風貌。\n馬祖具區域與本土特性，本身島嶼眾多且四面環海，使得由海上犯罪本身所衍生的問題層出不窮，政府遂於2000年時成立海岸巡防署，並設有海上、岸際巡邏及港口安檢等實施查緝機制，然而，各項海上犯罪卻仍未能全面滅絕，反而導致其手法、模式不斷推陳出新，其中諸如走私、偷渡、大陸船舶越界、毒品與當地組織犯罪等，近年更面臨大陸違法抽砂等嚴重影響臺灣主權生態等問題，儼然已對馬祖地區安定發展及國家安全產生相當大的影響。\n本文透過歸納外離島各類型海上犯罪相關文獻，探討馬祖地區海上犯罪之相關理論，並從馬祖歷史發展、文化特徵及地理位置等面向，分析探討馬祖海上犯罪對馬祖周邊海域治安狀況所造成的影響及我國政府對馬祖海上犯罪查緝的政策、機制與成效，最後針對近年馬祖實際發生之海上犯罪型態實施個案分析。

China`s foreign outlying islands mainly include the Kinmen Islands, Matsu Islands and Penghu Islands, among which the Matsu Islands are composed of dozens of islands such as Nangan, Beigan, Dongguan, Xiju, Dongyin, Xiyin, Gordon, Liangdao, Dakan and Xiaokuan, distributed within a length of about 54 nautical miles. It is currently the northernmost territory of Taiwan, with a total area of about 29.6 square kilometers and a population of about 13,000, in terms of relative location, the geographical location is located in the northwest and west of the Taiwan Strait, about 114 nautical miles from Keelung,(Nangan to Keelung), close to the Chinese mainland Minjiang estuary, Lianjiangkou, Luoyuan Bay, 114 nautical miles from Keelung in the east, 152 nautical miles from Kinmen in the southwest, 180 nautical miles from Penghu in the south, and Gordon Island is closest to the Beizhu Peninsula on the mainland. Only about 5 nautical miles (9.25 kilometers) away, just a foot of water from Chinese mainland, during the anti-communist era, it served as an outpost with Kinmen to defend Taiwan`s main island, and slogans, tunnels, and Taiwanese troops can be seen everywhere on the island, creating a very stylish battlefield style.\nMatsu has regional and local characteristics, its own islands are numerous and surrounded by the sea, so that the problems caused by maritime crime itself are endless, so the government established the Coast Guard in 2000, and has set up maritime and shore patrols and port security checks to implement investigation mechanisms, but various maritime crimes have not been completely eradicated, but have led to its methods and models continue to innovate, such as smuggling, smuggling, mainland ship crossing, drugs and local organized crime, etc. In recent years, it has also faced problems such as illegal sand pumping by the mainland that seriously affect Taiwan`s sovereignty and ecology, which seems to have had a considerable impact on the stable development and national security of the Matsu area.\nBy summarizing the relevant literature on various types of maritime crimes on the outer islands, this paper discusses the relevant theories of maritime crimes in Matsu area, analyzes and discusses the impact of Matsu maritime crimes on the public security situation around Matsu and the policies, mechanisms and effects of the Chinese government in the investigation and seizure of Matsu maritime crimes from the aspects of Matsu`s historical development, cultural characteristics and geographical location, and finally analyzes the actual maritime crime patterns in Matsu in recent years.