人地關係的斷裂與修復：烏來部落泰雅族人在都市計畫水源特定區遭遇之產業困境與未來發展

Abstract

原住民族的土地空間與國家資源保育地空間多有重疊，本研究區域烏來部落土地全被劃入新店溪青潭水質水量保護區，且空間管理以都市計畫法劃設水源特定區，對於部落內土地的控制更是透過嚴格的土地使用分區管制工具，長達40年限制族人土地使用，人地關係斷裂。\n原基法20條，政府承認原住民族土地權，這不應僅侷限在土地財產權的取得，更應兼顧族人土地使用合法的權利。原住民族的文化脈絡因著長期與土地的互動而孕育，在互動的過程中也不斷的累積了原住民族的知識與智慧，這在地知識是細微的、也是會隨社會變遷過程而與其他外部知識融合後再度由族人依著文化脈絡詮釋與實踐，這樣細微的土地維護與原住民族在地知識的實踐，是需要被細緻的觀察與理解。\n都市計畫規劃的結果會限制一定地區的土地使用，在計畫形成自由的過程中自應以利益衡量為界線，2007年聯合國大會通過的原住民族權利宣言即揭示原住民族文化應受到保障，而原住民族文化鑲嵌在土地的使用，故都市計畫規劃者應將原住民族文化權納為不失比重的利益衡量元素，平衡出適當的土地使用分區。\n從本研究的田野調查中發現，烏來部落族人的小型土地經濟利用活動，具有一定之原住民生態知識實踐的意義，因此新北市都市計畫應考量利益衡量原則，使族人保有持續和土地相互調適，藉以實踐甚至創新在地知識的場域，以期修復人地關係，促進民族發展，而劃設原住民族產業專用區則是最佳的做法。

The living space of indigenous peoples overlaps with that of the national resource conservation area. In the field site of this study, all the land of the Wulai community has been designated as the Xindian River Qingtan Water Quality and Quantity Protection Area, and the spatial management of the area is based on the Urban Planning Act, which designates a specific area for water sources; the control of community land is even more stringent through strict land-use zoning control, which has been restricting tribal people`s use of the land for as long as 40 years, thus breaking the relationship between people and land.\nArticle 20 of the Indigenous Basic Law recognizes the land rights of indigenous peoples, which should not be limited to the acquisition of land property rights, but should also take into account the legal rights of indigenous people to use the land. The cultural context of the indigenous peoples is nurtured by their long-term interaction with the land, and in the process of interaction, the knowledge and wisdom of the indigenous peoples are accumulated continuously. This local knowledge is subtle, and will be fused with other external knowledge in the process of social change, and then interpreted and practiced by the indigenous peoples again according to their cultural context, so such a subtle maintenance of the land and the practice of the local knowledge of the indigenous peoples need to be observed and understood in detail.\nThe results of urban planning will restrict land use in certain areas, and in the process of forming a plan, the interests of different subjects should be weighed. The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2007 reveals that the culture of indigenous peoples should be safeguarded, and that the culture of indigenous peoples is embedded in the use of land, so the urban planners should consider the cultural rights of the indigenous peoples as an element of the interests to be measured without loss of weight, and balance the appropriate land-use zoning. Therefore, urban planners should include the cultural rights of indigenous peoples as an important element of interest in order to balance the appropriate land use zoning.\nFrom the fieldwork of this study, it was found that the small-scale land economic utilization activities of the Wulai community members have a certain significance in the practice of indigenous ecological knowledge. Therefore, the New Taipei City Urban Plan should consider the principle of balance of the interests, so that the community members can maintain the continuity of their land use and adapt to each other to practice or even innovate the local knowledge, in order to restore the human-land relationship and promote the development of the ethnic groups, and the designation of the indigenous ethnic industry zones is the best practice. The designation of special zones for indigenous peoples` industries is recommended.