「貼」了更靠近？ 從技術哲學初探 LINE 貼圖與身體

Abstract

LINE貼圖作為一種溝通工具，官方廣告宣稱使用者能夠因為貼圖「貼」了更靠近彼此。回顧貼圖的發展脈絡，從表情符號到貼圖的出現，以及貼圖種種設計與取材，顯示貼圖與「身體」的關聯性。又以貼圖增添許多媒介元素企圖強化貼圖角色在場的效果，再次凸顯貼圖圖像的「身體」存在。而在貼圖的技術實踐過程中，其所牽涉到的不僅是貼圖圖像的身體，還包括使用者的身體涉入，以及乘載貼圖的手機的身體。貼圖作為一項技術，與使用者的身體、手機的身體、貼圖圖像的身體將建立起什麼關係以及如何結構，相當值得探究。\n本研究以「貼圖作為身體技術」為研究取徑，採納現象學與技術哲學的分析觀點，從Heidegger「及手性」與技術作為「解蔽」的本質，以及Ihde從「體現關係」、「詮釋關係」、「它異關係」對技術與身體之觀點作為切入視角，從此打開對於貼圖技術與身體的詮釋空間。本研究針對手機的身體、使用者的身體、貼圖圖像，以現象學式的厚描，考察貼圖與身體並且呈現貼圖技術的本質。\n研究結果發現，貼圖這項技術物的本體仍然是身體，而使用者的身體則在經過漫長時間熟悉技術、與技術互動之下，也將自身構造為技術的實存。因此，以貼圖這項技術而言，身體總是在貼圖裡，貼圖也總是在身體中，我們都是在技術裡的身體(bodies in technology)。貼圖與使用者建立起的「人—技術」結構，是一種具流動性且混雜的自我的呈現。因為身體早已允許技術參與至身體構造裡，技術也將身體納入設計與規劃。使用者一方面能夠透過貼圖揭露自己，一方面卻也可以同時藏身於圖像／技術的身體之後，而以遮蔽的方式來揭露自己。因為如此，使用者很有可能在無意間使得數位環境上的對話同時產生「貼了更靠近」與「距離疏遠」兩種情況，而非官方廣告或實證研究中所宣稱貼圖必定正向影響溝通。

LINE stickers, as a communication tool, are officially advertised to bring users closer to each other through the use of stickers. Reviewing the development of stickers, from emoticons to the emergence of stickers, and the various designs and sources of stickers, it demonstrates the connection between stickers and the "body." Stickers add various media elements in an attempt to enhance the presence of stickers, highlighting the "bodily" existence of sticker images once again. In the process of sticker technological practice, it involves not only the body of sticker images but also the involvement of users` bodies and the body of the mobile devices carrying the stickers. The relationship and structure that stickers, as a technology, establish with the user`s body, the mobile device`s body, and the body of sticker images are worth exploring.\nThis research adopts the perspective of "Stickers as Body Technology" and incorporates phenomenological and philosophical perspectives on technology from Heidegger`s "readiness-to-hand" and the essence of technology as "unconcealment," as well as Ihde`s perspectives on technology and the body from "embodiment relations," "hermeneutic relations," and "alterity relations" as entry points, opening up interpretive space for sticker and the body. This research examines the essence of sticker by conducting a thick description, focusing on the body of the mobile device, the user`s body, and sticker images from a phenomenological perspective.\nThe research results reveal that the ontological essence of sticker technology remains the body, and over time, the user`s body, through familiarity with the technology and interaction with it, also constructs itself as an existence of technology. Therefore, in the context of sticker technology, the body is always within the sticker, and the sticker is always within the body; we are all "bodies in technology." The "human-technology" structure established by stickers and users is a fluid and hybrid presentation of the self. Because the body has already allowed technology to participate in its construction, and technology also incorporates the body into its design and planning. Users can reveal themselves through stickers while also hiding behind the image`s body, using concealment as a way to disclose themselves. As a result, users may unintentionally create both "getting closer" and "distancing" situations in digital conversations, rather than the official advertising or empirical research claims that stickers always have a positive impact on communication.