高雄市國中教師工作壓力、工作投入與組織承諾關係之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解高雄市國中教師工作壓力、工作投入與組織承諾關係之現況，並分析教師背景變項在工作壓力、工作投入、組織承諾的差異情形，最後探討工作壓力、工作投入、組織承諾三者之關係。\r\n 本研究以問卷調查法，以探討所欲研究之問題。問卷調查法以自編「高雄市國中教師工作壓力、工作投入與組織承諾關係調查問卷」（內含基本資料、教師工作壓力量表、教師工作投入量表、教師組織承諾量表）為工具。以高雄市之公立國民中學教師為研究對象，分層抽取44所學校，共發出問卷683份，回收626份，有效問卷602份，有效回收率為88.1%。所得資料以描述性統計、ｔ考驗、單因子變異數分析與Scheffé事後比較、Pearson’s積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析。\r\n其研究結論如下：\r\n一、高雄市國中教師工作壓力之現況，呈現中低程度；工作投入與組織承諾之現況，整體表現良好。\r\n二、在教師背景變項中，教師不同性別、教學年資、擔任職務、學校規模、任教地區對工作壓力的感受，並無顯著不同；教師年齡在30歲（含）以下於「學生行為」的壓力知覺上為最高。\r\n三、在教師背景變項中，教師不同任教地區對工作投入的感受，並無顯著不同；男性教師、年齡較大、教學年資較深、兼任處室主任組長、學校規模12班（含）以下的教師在工投入程度較佳。\r\n四、在教師背景變項中，教師不同學校規模、任教地區對組織承諾的感受，並無顯著不同；男性教師、年齡較大、教學年資較深、兼任處室主任組長的教師在組織承諾的表現較佳。\r\n五、高雄市國中教師整體工作壓力及各層面對整體工作投入、組織承諾及各層面均具有顯著負相關；整體工作投入及各層面對整體組織承諾及各層面均具有顯著正相關。\r\n六、高雄市國中教師工作壓力、工作投入等各層面對整體組織承諾之預測情形，以「工作認同」具有正向的預測力、「人際關係」具有負向的預測力。\r\n最後依據研究結果與結論，提出具體建議，以作為教育行政機關、學校單位、教師本身以及未來研究的參考。

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of job stress, job involvement, and organizational commitment for junior high school teachers in Kaohsiung City. By comparing the differences of demographic variables on job stress, job involvement, and organizational commitment, the relationships among them were discovered.\r\n\r\nQuestionnaire survey was conducted, and the “Questionnaires of relationships among job stress, job involvement, and organizational commitment for junior high school teachers in Kaohsiung City” were used. A total of 44 junior high schools were stratified sampled. 626 of 683 questionnaires were returned with an 88.1% efficient rate. Descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, multiple stepwise regression were used to analyze data.\r\n The conclusions were as follows: \r\n1. The junior high school teachers in Kaohsiung City showed high degree of job involvement and organizational commitment and a low-medium degree of job stress.\r\n2. There were significant differences in job stress in terms of demographic variables such age. Teachers who were under 30 years old had the highest perceptions of job stress.\r\n3. There were significant difference in job involvement in terms of demographic variables such gender(male), age(elder), working years(Junior), executive position, and school scales(under 12 classes).\r\n4. There were significant difference in organizational commitment in terms of demographic variables such gender(male), age(elder), working years(Junior), executive position.\r\n5. There were significant positive correlations between job involvement and organizational commitment; there were significant negative correlations between job stress and job involvement, organizational commitment.\r\n6. The organizational commitment of teachers in Kaohsiung City could be predicted significantly (positive) by job identification and personal correlations (negative).\r\n\r\nThe study is finalized at purpose practical suggestions based on the findings and conclusions to educational administration authorities, junior high schools, teachers, for further study and reference.