企業經營模式與專利授權策略之探究─以矽智財供應商為例

Abstract

近年來，智慧財產議題在西方國家受到極大的重視，然而現在亞洲國家，如日本、韓國以及台灣也開始關注智慧財產權。智慧財產權對於創作人或發明人而言，能夠給予他們一段時間的壟斷或保護，使其取得一定的報酬；對於企業而言，智慧財產權訴訟能夠讓企業擁有持續性的競爭優勢，並保障其在某個市場區段的獲利。因此，小至個人、大至企業、國家，都會因為智慧財產權制度的發達而受益。\n除此之外，智慧財產也開始以交易標之姿展現其價值，企業或是獨立專利權人授權其專利或是各項智慧財產以獲取利潤。即使智慧財產之交易日益興盛，但公開透明的交易市場卻遲遲未出現。顯然在智慧財產之商業環境的建構上我們依舊有所闕漏。為了活化無形資產之交易市場，我們必須要發展出一套關於授權策略之理論，才能更有效率地管理各式無形資產。\n然而，在多數的文獻當中都將授權行為視為法律議題，而非商業考量。但事實上契約雖然是以法律形式存在，但背後之動機卻是出於企業之商業考量。若單純就法律觀點來探討此議題，恐會造成對於企業授權策略之研究之不足，因此本研究將從管理的觀點出發探討授權策略並釐清其與企業經營模式間之關係。\n植基於此，本研究選擇了IC產業中11家績效良好的矽智財供應商作為研究標的，在該領域中授權交易已經行之有年且市場建構完備。並透過訪談相關實務界人士以及蒐集研究標的公司之年報、報章雜誌以及網站資訊等次級資料進行分析，得出目前矽智財供應商主要的經營模式共可分為四類，並逐一解析各種經營模式有何異同。除此之外，更擷取出授權策略之組成亦可分為四個元素，以及分析企業之經營考量如何影響到在各項元素上選擇。

In decades, intellectual property has got a lot of attention in the Western world. Now Asian countries such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan start to pay attention to this issue. Intellectual property rights grant patentee the exclusive rights for a period to perform his innovations, which can reward himself. For enterprises, intellectual property litigation has become a tool to sustain competitive advantages, and protect the profitability. In this case, the whole society will gain benefit from the intellectual property.\nIn addition, intellectual property has proved itself as an exchange object , firms or individual patentees licensed their patents or other intellectual property to get revenue. Although the transactions has been carries out more and more frequently, the open , transparent exchange market of intangible asset is still not rising. Obviously , we still have to make much effort on improving business environment. In order to active the intangible property market, we must develop the theory of licensing strategy to manage the intangible assets orderly. \nHowever, in most of literature, license has been considered as a legal issue, instead of a business one. Contract itself is legal terms, but in fact, licensing strategy origin from firm’s business consideration. So we need to research this issue form managerial perspective to gain more understanding about licensing strategy. On the basis, this study will discuss the issue from managerial perspective, and clarify the between patent licensing strategy and business model. \nThis study selects 11 leading SIP providers as research object, which had built a well-developed licensing market. By interviewing practisers and collecting, analyzing targeted firm’s annual reports, newspapers, website information etc. , the consequence reveals that the business model of SIP providers can be divided into four categories, and figure out the difference between the four ones. In addition, this study extracts four elements that comprise licensing strategy, analyzing how business model affects licensing strategy.