增強權能策略與方法：台灣本土經驗之探索

Abstract

增強權能觀點自1990年我起已成爲社會工作普遍重視的處遇觀點，西方對於如何增強案主權能之策略和方法已有發展，台灣則未有系統性的實務經驗蒐集與整理。因此，本研究邀請於精神醫療、婚姻暴力與綜合社會福利服務領域之社工員，分享其成功增強案主權能之實務經驗，萃取本土策略與方法，並探討華人文化所具特色。透過質化深度訪談25位社工員，並進行開放登錄與分析，探索個人、人際、與社會政治三層面共八個領域之增強權能策略的內涵。經萃取16項策略與38個方法，其中於個人層次呈現多元與豐富的實務內涵，亦展現善用華人文化智慧的策略運用，至社會政治層次則較爲薄弱。筆者根據文獻與研究發現建構台灣本土之增強權能策略架構，強調以優勢觀點與夥伴關係爲基礎，以團體爲媒介，並探討未來相關實務之發展與運用。

Empowerment perspective has been one of the major social work treatment models since 1990. In the West, there have been some developments on the strategies and tactics of empowerment; whereas, there is a lack of systematic inquiry and analysis on empowerment practices in Taiwan. Thus, the investigator focused on the social workers in the areas of psychiatric service, partner abuse, and general welfare service to collect the narratives on how they successfully empowered their clients. Moreover, this study explored the special features of empowerment strategies under the context of Chinese culture. Totaled 25 social workers were interviewed, and the open coding was conducted in accord with the three levels of ecological system: individual, interpersonal, and social political. As a result, 16 strategies and 38 tactics of empowerment were extracted. These social workers presented bountiful and plural strategies and tactics on the individual level and have developed some practice wisdom to fit in the Chinese culture. Nevertheless, only few extended their empowerment practice to the social political level. Based on these findings, the investigator constructed a conceptual framework of empowerment practice, which is based on strengths perspective and emphasizes on group work. Future development and utilization on empowerment practice were discussed.