中俄黑瞎子島問題解決研究

Abstract

中俄關係始於十六世紀中俄邊界接觸開始，中俄邊境問題始於1652年清朝與俄羅斯帝國開始有共同邊界。\r\n中俄邊境是由清朝與俄羅斯帝國之間許多條約所產生，在璦琿條約與北京條約之中，俄羅斯取得了滿洲超過一百萬平方公里的土地，並透過之後的條約取得了中國西部超過50萬平方公里的土地，中國把這些條約認定為不平等條約，這樣的問題更在中俄關係破裂之後更形嚴重，如此的緊張關係終於在1969年導致烏蘇里江上的珍寶島軍事衝突。\r\n在2004年，中國與俄羅斯簽訂條約和平解決黑瞎子島領土紛爭，本研究主要在於探討此次條約中俄兩國和平解決領土紛爭的成因。

Sino-Russian relations began in the 16th century when the Russian Empire expanded its territory toward Far East. Border disputes between China and Russia began specifically in 1652 when the Qing Empire and Russian Empire started to share a common border. \r\nSino-Russian border was a legacy of various treaties between the Qing Dynasty and Russian Empire. By Treaty of Aigun and Treaty of Beijing, Russia gained over one million square km (400,000 square mile) of territory in Manchuria at China`s expense, and Russia took another 500,000 square km in the western regions of China from several other treaties. These treaties have long been regarded by Chinese as unequal treaties, and the issue partially arose again with the Sino-Soviet split, with tensions eventually leading to division-scale military clashes along the border in 1969. Damansky, or Zhenbao Island along the Ussuri River, was the site of the 1969 Damansky Island incident.\r\nIn 2004, China and Russia signed a treaty about islands of Bol’shoy Ussuriyskiy and Tarabarov Island near Khabarovsk, along the junction of the Amur and Ussurii rivers. The two islands are referred to collectively in Chinese as Heixiazi, although the smaller Tarabarov is sometimes called Yinlong. According to the treaty, Russia returns Tarabarov and approximately 50% of Bolshoi Ussuriiskii to China. This study explores why Russia and China solve this dispute peacefully.