日本語母語話者の「聞き返し」の様相―「日本語話し言葉コーパス（CSJ）」の「自由対話」の事例分析から―

Abstract

在本研究當中是以「日語談話資料庫」中「自由対話」的疑問―應答連鎖當中來探討日語母語話者間的「反問」現象。以量和質的方式去探討母語話者間的方法,頻率以及性差。資料的數量是母語場面10個會話,發話者都是介於20~40歲,初次見面的會話。在本研究是觀察在CSJ中「自由対談」裏出現的反問形式和機能的特徵,另外從反問的表現方式和機能來探討溝通中的禮貌策略。結果如下:在此次的談話資料中,可以觀察出有「迴響＋ą型」,「迴響型」,「非迴響型」三種表現形式。以機能的角度則發現有「理解確認要求」,「說明要求」,「反復要求」, 「聽取要求」四種策略。頻率上則是「理解確認要求」的策略和「非迴響型」的形式出現比率較高。再者,在反問的情況下,「理解確認要求」的策略在主張保留的部分則是顧及到給對方消極的面子，意即和禮貌性理論有所相關。

This research was conducted to analyze the Japanese native speakers’ 『Clarification Questions』 with the data of 「Free dialogue」in corpus of「Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese」.The method, frequency and gender of 『Clarification Questions』 will be observed quantitatively and qualitatively through the way of 「ask-answer」. The data consists of ten dialogues by native speakers, every dialogue goes to 10 minutes and speakers don’t know each other. They are all Japanese native speakers and between the year from 20 to 40. This research focus on the form and function of 「Free dialogue」, we can get well known of the politeness •strategy between conversation from the actual situation. The result is as follows.We can find three types in 「repeat」strategy through this corpus. Thesethree types are 「Non-echo type」、「echo type」、and 「echo+ą type」.About the function of 「Clarification Questions」, the strategy of 「comprehension-confirm request」「explanation request」「repetition request」「hearing request」can be found. The strategy of 「comprehension-confirm request」and 「Non-echo type」are used frequently. As to the strategyof 「comprehension-confirm request」, due to the characteristic of「reservethe insistence」, we can say it is kind of negative・politeness. From the point of 「negative・politeness」, it shows the strategy of 「understand- confirm request」has relationship to politeness theory.