從繪畫團體到展覽行動：精神障礙者的主體經驗

Abstract

精神障礙者的服務深受現代精神醫學的影響，「診斷」會先於「人」作為看待精神障礙者的框架。隨著對精神疾病的詮釋更加多元，開始出現一些以重視精神障礙者主體性、社會結構取向、優勢正向思考為特點的另類工作方法。本研究所探討的繪畫團體和展覽行動也是基於以上理念的工作方法。\n本研究透過與五位精神障礙者的深度訪談，以及對他們繪畫作品的視覺評估，來瞭解他們參與繪畫團體和展覽行動中的轉化歷程。本研究以精神障礙者的生命故事和作品作為開啟，去走進每一個人的生命經驗，去瞭解每一個人的個性、想法，藉此放下視他們為精神障礙者的視框，逐漸展現每一個獨特的個體。基於對每一個個體的深入理解，從而瞭解到他們如何在繪畫團體中感受當下的平靜專注、運用創作練習自我表達、透過自我覺察促成改變的契機、彼此被看見、被傾聽，並獲得人對人之影響力的過程。繪畫也成為了一種非結構化的工作方式，去幫助工作者更貼近每個精神障礙者的內心世界。隨著繪畫團體的「自我探索」面向不斷加深，個人生命背後共有的社會處境被看見，該團體開始有意識地以展覽行動來朝向「社會參與」的面向發展。該團體運用展覽為精神障礙者建立一個真實社會互動的空間、獲得新的身份以及人際磨合和情緒控制的學習，並透過情感共鳴的方式達到去污名的效果。

The service for people with psychosocial disability is deeply influenced by the modern psychiatry, which tends to see the person as a diagnosis rather than a man / women. As the interpretation of mental illness is becoming more diverse, there comes some alternative treatment methods, which emphasize the individuality of people with psychosocial disability, using social structure orientation and strength-based thinking. The art group and art exhibition studied in this paper are also based on above philosophy. \n\nThrough in-depth interviews with five people with psychosocial disability and visual assessment on their artworks, this study aims to understand their changing experience in the art group and art exhibition. This study starts with the life stories and artworks of the five interviewees, stressing them as unique individuals with own personality then thoughts rather than those imposed stereotypes of people with psychosocial disability. Based on the depth understanding of every interviewees, the study described their experience in the art group allowing them to feel peaceful and focused, and through art making they were able to express and develop awareness of self, hence promoting changes in self and relationships. The art group described in this study used nonstructural working method, which allowed the group leader and social workers to become closer to the inner world of people with psychosocial disability. With time, shared self-experiences emerged among the art group members, and the group started to evolve towards more social participation in ways of art exhibition. The art exhibition provided them a platform for real interaction with the society, for formulation of new identity, for opportunities to learn interpersonal skills and emotion control, and for diminishing stigmatization through emotional empathy.\n\nKeywords: people with psychosocial disability, personal stories, art group, art exhibition