數位人文視野下的知識分類觀察：兩部官修類書的比較分析

Abstract

本文是運用數位人文方法，分析和比較觀察中國古代大型知識文本的一次嘗試。筆者團隊以唐宋兩部官修大型類書《藝文類聚》和《太平御覽》為例，透過建置的「藝文類聚／太平御覽」全文資料庫及「類書對應查詢系統」提供的檢索、分析和觀察功能，具體分析了研究者依靠人力所無法完成的整體分類結構、比重和條目內容的差異，以及兩部類書引用書籍分布時代的分布，嘗試勾勒在中國古代知識結構總體穩定的情況下，唐宋士人知識結構中漸進而深刻的變化軌跡。我們認為，新工具和方法的應用，目的不是要取代人文學者詮釋性的研究，而是可以為這一研究提供更為堅實的實證基礎。

This paper presents an approach of digital humanities to analyze and compare leishu, a unique genre of reference books in ancient China. We have studied and analyzed Yiwenleju and Taipinyulan, two large scale leishu from early Tang (624CE) and early Song (984CE) respectively, and have built two systems to compare the knowledge structures and to provide full-text search. The systems allow us to analyze the sources that each leishu selected, under what categories and subjects were they used, the differences of citations and weighting of each category and subject, and the differences of the overall knowledge structures of the two tomes. To illustrate how the systems are utilized, we provide several examples that show how, through the comparison of the two leishu, one might observe the change of the world view among the Chinese elites during those 350 years.