大陸農村基層金融組織的發展內涵：從山西蒲韓社區出發

Abstract

農村發展需要金融支援，大陸當局以往建立起的正規農村金融體系看似完備，但績效不彰。從宏觀上看，農村金融系統資金有反向城市非農部門外流的趨勢；在微觀層面，農民「貸款難」及「貸款貴」的情況未見紓解。面對長期政策績效不彰的困局，大陸當局改弦易轍，逐步推動非正規金融的試點，改由農村微型金融及合作金融機構的試點與發展，以期改善農村金融的供給。本文經由山西蒲韓社區金融組織發展之案例，從基層之村級金融組織的萌發，擴張至農村信用合作及小額貸款公司的制度誘發性過程，探索大陸農村金融組織的微觀發展邏輯，以及指出一些制度局限條件所產生的績效變遷。

It is generally believed that rural economic development requires financial support. According to China`s past experience, the rural formal financial system seemed firmly established, but its performance was not effective. Broadly speaking, the financial deposit from rural sectors flows into urban and non-agricultural sectors. More specifically, farmers have hard times obtaining loans and face high interest rates. To solve this problem, Chinese authorities have attempted to gradually develop an informal institution by means of micro-financial organizations and cooperatives to improve the supply of rural finance. This article adopts the institutional evolutionary experience of Puhan Community in Shanxi and explores the developmental logic of rural microfinance through some performance changes by institution constraints.