近代日本的「周邊地域」北海道之自我認識：從拓殖務省成立問題來探討

Abstract

雖然北海道在明治時期才正式被編入日本版圖內，但在明治憲法所規定的諸制度的實施方面，有別於日本「內地」其他府縣，如眾議院議員選舉等。本文旨從拓殖務省成立問題，來探討北海道是如何看待自身所處的「周邊地域」之地位。北海道視臺灣為競爭對手，採用貶低他人、抬高自己的論調，以利宣傳當地的拓殖。在此情況下，針對拓殖務省成立，道內出現兩種主張，第一由不知名的道民所提出的「殖民省」設置論，第二由北海道廳長官北垣國道與一般道民（如對馬嘉三郎等）所提出的「北海道總督府」設置論，兩者皆採取擴大北海道主政者的權限以利拓殖事業發展的角度。「殖民省」設置論，肯定由專責拓殖事務的省以監督道廳事務的體制。而北垣的「北海道總督府」主張雖然內容不明，但對馬等道民則表示成立超越現行體制、甚至直屬天皇的「北海道總督府」。上述的主張雖然看似皆為脫「內地」化路線，但實為道民為了達成「內地」期盼的拓殖目標，進而主張擴大北海道主政者權力之「內地」化的論述。

Although Hokkaido was formally incorporated into and became part of the Japanese territory during the Meiji period, it differed from other prefectures of ‘mainland` Japan in implementing many institutions laid down by the Meiji Constitution, such as the election of members of the House of Representatives. Through the question of the Takushokumush□ (Ministry of Colonial Affairs), this paper aims at investigating how Hokkaido perceived itself from its status of a `peripheral region`.Regarding Taiwan as its competitor, the Hokkaido Agency adopted a propaganda strategy of attacking others so as to build up itself for promoting colonization in the locale. Under this circumstance, especially on the establishment of Takushokumush□, two opinions emerged in Hokkaido. Firstly, some unknown local residents called for the establishment of the `Ministry of Colonization`. Secondly, the Chief Executive of the Hokkaido Agency, Kitagaki Kunimiti, and some other local residents (such as Tsusima Kasabur□ and others), called for the formation of the `Governor- General`s Office of Hokkaido`. Both shared the common view of enhancing the power of the administrator of Hokkaido for the development and promotion of the colonization project. Those proposing the establishment of the `Ministry of Colonization` affirmed that a new ministry should be set up particularly for supervising Hokkaido`s colonization project. Although it is not clear about Kitagaki`s advocacy of the `Governor-General`s Office of Hokkaido`, Tsusima Kasabur□ and others rather suggested an establishment outside the existing one s, even as a `Governor-General`s Office of Hokkaido` directly under the Emperor`s commandAlthough the above-mentioned proposals seem to be advocating de- `maninlandization`, they were in fact the local residents` exposition for `mainlandization` through enhancing the power of the administrator in Hokkaido , aiming at fulfilling the colonization goal expected by the `mainland’.