中國新統一戰線工作在香港：籠絡人心工程的觀察

Abstract

統一戰線工作是中國共產黨在香港實施的長期戰略，旨在贏得香港人心，而經歷了不同的歷史階段演變，尤其是在1997年前後。其意圖是籠絡更多香港人並擴大其在世界範圍內的影響。中國大陸的滲透性政治活動由親北京的不同群體組織進行。統一戰線的工作安排得井井有條，親北京的當局和官員一直在投入大量的人力、資本和資源，以加深其對社會各階層的影響，但是民間社會在教育和青年部門方面的統戰工作受到了強烈的抵抗。許多香港人是後物質主義者，堅持人權、法治和政治透明的核心價值，傾向於抵制強調只以物質利益的統一戰線工作。民主運動通過其在香港的社會動員仍在對抗中央政府的控制和統治。中國在香港開展新的統一戰線工作受到其國內轉向威權主義的影響，使香港的民主政治活動家和激進分子成為中國國家的敵人。隨著香港激烈的社會政治運動的興起，中國統一戰線的力量一直在波動，正如我們從1997年至2012年的最高點所看到的，然後是從2012年至2018年香港的專制主義階段，還有一個低點是在2019年許多香港人發起反對逃犯引渡運動的時候強大的抵抗。中國在香港開展的統戰工作是否能夠而且將更深入地滲透到社會中，還有待觀察，但香港人民的強大抵抗不能忽視，這將影響從現在到2047年的京港關係。

United front work is a long-term strategy implemented by the Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong to win the hearts and minds of the Hong Kong people. The evolution of united front work progressed in different historical phases, especially before and after July 1, 1997. Its intentions to co-opt more people of Hong Kong and to expand its worldwide contacts are prominent and obvious. The penetrative politics of mainland China are conducted by pro-Beijing organizations. United front work has been well-organized because the pro-Beijing authorities and officials have been investing lots of manpower, capital, and resources to deepen their influence on all sectors of the society. However, the united front work on educational and youth sectors in the civil society has encountered strong resistance. Many Hong Kong people are post-materialists who adhere to their human rights, the rule of law, and transparent core values that they tend to resist united front work that emphasizes materialistic gains and attractions. The pro-democracy movement of Hong Kong is still resisting the central government`s control and dominance through its united front work in the territory. China`s new united front work in Hong Kong has been affected by its domestic turn to authoritarianism, making Hong Kong`s pro-democracy political activists and radicals the enemies of the Chinese state. With the rise of Hong Kong`s fierce social and political movements, the strength of China`s united front work has been fluctuating, which can be illustrated by the high point from 1997 to 2012, then a phase of authoritarianism in Hong Kong from 2012 to 2018, and a low point with strong resistance in the year 2019 when the anti-extradition movement was launched by many Hong Kong people. It remains to be seen whether or not united front work conducted by China in Hong Kong will penetrate deeper into the society; however, due to the possibility of implications for Beijing-Hong Kong relations from now to 2047, the strong resistance from the people of Hong Kong cannot be ignored.