戲劇作為情緒教育中介：從幼兒觀點出發的共創

Abstract

本研究旨在透過教育戲劇的歷程，了解幼兒情緒表現樣態、教師角色以及園所中的權力關係對幼兒情緒的影響，進一步探討教育戲劇對幼兒情緒素養的影響。教育戲劇是一種可以靈活運用的教學方法。不受制於形式，也無人數的限制。教育戲劇可以將學習的內容加入其中，透過教師的引導，循序漸進，就某一議題進行互動發展性的學習。這種模式的學習主體為學生。在研究方法上，此研究針對5位年齡介於2至3歲的幼兒，以及4位教師，透過深度訪談、焦點團體以及田野觀察的方法。\n研究歷程以劇本1.0至3.0的方式呈現──研究者創作劇本1.0，結合教師的教學經驗以及操作建議使之變得更加切合教育現場的教學實踐，產生劇本2.0，接著結合幼兒言說、互動反應、教師的延伸教學，使之變得更具生命力，最終產生劇本3.0。從1.0至3.0的歷程中，發現成人會對幼兒的表現存在既定的想像，但有時幼兒的表現和這種想像卻存在著一定的落差。幼兒所表現出來的並不一定是大人所建構起來的純真景象，而可能是非常生活化的務實派，幼兒在成人建構的純真童年中仍然存在一個真實童年的樣態。教師在整個過程中起著關鍵性的作用，教師這一角色的技術與觀念很重要，影響著如何引導教學並激發幼兒的積極性。

The research aims to understand the influence of the children’s performance, teachers’ role and power relations in kindergarten on children’s emotion through drama in education, and further discuss its effect on children’s emotion.Drama in education is a flexible teaching method, which is not limited by the form and number of people.Drama in education can add the content of learning into it. Through the guidance of teachers, the interactive and developmental learning on a certain topic can be carried out step by step. The learning subject of this mode is students.It terms of research methods, this study focuses on 5 children aged 2 to 3 and 4 teachers through in-depth interviews, focus groups and field observation.\nThe research process was presented in the form of script 1.0 to 3.0—the researcher created script 1.0, combined with teachers` teaching experience and operation suggestions to make it more practical, and produced script 2.0, and then combined with children`s speech, interactive response and teachers` extended pedagogy to make it more vitality, and finally produces script 3.0.From the process of 1.0 to 3.0, The research found adults will have a fixed imagination of children`s performance, but sometimes there is a deviation between children`s view of "authentic childhood" and adult`s presupposition. Children`s performance is not necessarily the innocent as adults think, but may be very life-oriented. Children still have real behaviors in the innocent childhood constructed by adults.Teachers play a key role in the whole process, and their skills and ideas are very important, which affect how to guide teaching and mobilize children`s enthusiasm.