台灣生技型育成中心經營之研究

Abstract

生技產業的發展以及育成中心的經營一直是受到矚目的議題，台灣在生技產業的發展上，已投入相當多的資源，至今明確且優異的成果卻甚為稀少。而台灣的生技廠商以中小企業為主，中小企業正是育成中心主要的輔導對象，因此生技型育成中心的經營成功與否，對於生技產業的發展將造成一定程度的影響。\n透過文獻回顧的整理，本研究歸納出一般型育成中心之經營成功關鍵因素六項，分別為育成中心的經營者、各種網絡關係的建立、育成中心的企業化經營、進駐廠商的篩選與畢業過程、與大學保持密切的關係以及育成中心提供的服務內容。而藉由觀察國際上經營成功的生技型育成中心，發展出四項生技型育成中心之經營成功關鍵因素，分別為與醫院保持合作關係、配合園區的設立發展育成業務、具有多種技術平台的合作夥伴以及育成中心的國際化。綜合以上的分析，本研究以十項關鍵因素為基礎，透過個案訪談的方式，深入了解台灣生技型育成中心的現況，檢視以特定發展方向為主的育成中心，其發展狀況、營運方式以及成功之道，與一般育成中心的異同或特殊之處為何。\n研究結果顯示，「技術」是台灣生技型育成中心在經營上最重要的關鍵，而與母組織互動越密切的育成中心成效亦較好。在一般型育成中心的六項經營關鍵成功因素上，各種網絡關係的建立 (例如對外部網絡的發展較不活絡、建立名聲)、企業化經營 (例如持續經營之資金與模式)、進駐廠商的篩選與畢業過程 (例如招商不易) 與育成中心提供的服務內容 (例如欠缺市場行銷與資金方面的能量) 等四項，對於育成中心的經營影響較大。在生技型育成中心的四個經營關鍵成功因素方面，與醫院保持合作關係為非必要之條件; 配合園區的設立發展育成業務與育成中心的國際化上，皆未有明確的規劃或明顯的表現; 對於具有多種技術平台的合作夥伴，目前在育成領域內並無實質的合作與整合效益出現，而以非正式的聯結關係為主，多數也認為轉變成正式的聯盟平台在執行上尚有許多困難待克服。\n最後，本研究將生技型育成中心的發展程度，與該發展時期所需的關鍵成功因素做關聯，整體來說，台灣的生技型育成中心都還處於發展初期至中期。而參考國外發展歷程較久的生技型育成中心歸納得到的關鍵成功因素，對於台灣的生技型育成中心來說，是較遙遠的目標，就現階段而言，其經營成功因素大部分落在與一般型育成中心經營成功相同的關鍵上。

Recent years, there were lots of attentions on the development of biotech industry and the operation of incubation center. Many resources have been invested in the biotech industry in Taiwan. However, superior or successful outcomes were rare. Moreover, most Taiwan biotech-related companies are small-medium enterprises which are the main coaching targets of incubation center. Therefore, the successful operation of incubation center would relate to and affect the development of biotech industry in Taiwan.\nThrough reference review, six key success factors about general incubation center operation were identified as “the operator of incubation center”, “the establish of various relationship networks”, “operation by enterprise management”, “the selection of proper tenants and graduation exam for tenants”, “to keep close relationship with universities”, and “the incubation center’s service items”. In addition, by investigation of the successful foreign bio-incubation center, four key success factors which might influence the operation of bio-incubation center were concluded as “collaboration with hospitals”, “co-operation the development of bio-science parks and bio-incubation center”, “having partners with varieties of technologies”, and “the internationalization of incubation center”. Based on the ten factors above, this study would investigate the operation and development of bio-incubation center in Taiwan. In addition, the key success factors of general incubation centers would be compared with those of bio-incubation centers in order to give suggestions for success operation. \nAccording to the analysis, technology support is crucial and essential to the Taiwan bio-incubation center. In general, having better interaction with parent organization would result in better performance. Among the six key success factors of general incubation center, four of them influence the operation more deeply, which were “the establish of various relationship networks”, “operation by enterprise management”, “the selection of proper tenants and graduation exam for tenants”, “to keep close relationship with universities”, and “the incubation center’s service items”. For the four key success factors of bio-incubation center, “collaboration with hospitals” is not necessary; there were no obvious results or plan about the “co-operation the development of bio-science parks and bio-incubation center” and “the internationalization of incubation center”; “having partners with varieties of technologies” is focus on the informal collaboration. A formal technology platform based on alliance of incubation centers still faces many difficulties and most bio-incubation centers in Taiwan still considerate the possibility of this kind of collaborative platform. \nFinally, this study proposes a relation between bio-incubation center development stages and the key success factors. As a result, the developments of Taiwan bio-incubation centers are just in the beginning or middle stage. The four key success factors derived form foreign successful and well-developed bio-incubation centers might be a long-term goal to Taiwan bio-incubation centers.