供應商績效評估研究－結合ANP及DEMATEL之應用

Abstract

供應商績效評估一直都是供應鏈管理重要的課題，企業中的採購部門必須定期的評估供應商的績效，以期望供應商能達到企業的需求。在進行供應商評估時，必須同時考慮多個指標及決定指標的權重，由於指標間具有相依及回饋的情形，因此權重的決定也較為複雜，此外，由於績效指標有互相影響的情形，指標間的關連度也是評估供應商時必須考慮的問題。本研究提出一個新的供應商績效評估方法，結合分析網路程序法(Analytic Network Process, ANP)及決策實驗室法(Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory, DEMATEL)建構評估模式，以達到正確的評估供應商績效，及可回溯績效表現找出關鍵改善原因之目的。\n 在進行供應商績效評估時，利用分析網路程序法求出各指標的權重，量化指標並求得供應商的總分；另外利用決策實驗室法得知各指標的因果關係及關連度大小，當檢視供應商績效時，可從權重大或關連度大但表現差的指標回溯，以提供供應商改善的方向。最後以模擬的方式進行驗證，結果顯示本研究對指標之排序符合模擬之結果，因此可供企業參考使用。

Supplier performance evaluation for some time now has been receiving increasing importance as a supply chain management component. Purchasing managers need to periodically evaluate supplier performance in order to retain those suppliers who meet their requirements. Buyers usually consider multi-criteria and must determine the relative weights of the criteria when evaluating suppliers. Because of these performance criteria usually exist interdependence and feedback, the weights of the criteria are hard to obtain. In addition, performance criteria usually affect each other, so the direct and indirect effects are also a crucial problem when evaluating suppliers. This paper proposes a model which combines the methods of the analytic network process (ANP) and the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to evaluate supplier performance accurately and can find out which criterion is the key factor to improve performance. \n When evaluating a supplier, ANP are used to determine the weights of performance criteria and can get the total performance of the supplier. DEMATEL are used to compute the effects between criteria. The model can propose the criterion which is the most important or affects other criteria the most, so buyers will know which criterion can improve the performance the most and can ask suppliers to modify it. Finally, a simulation is employed to verify our model. The result through the simulation is complied with our model, so it can provide the information for making decision concerning suppliers performance.