陸生來台就讀大學院校之拉力因素分析

Abstract

本研究旨在探討影響國際學生流動的拉力因素構面，並找出台灣大學院校對大陸學生的主要拉力因素為何，以做為未來政策制定和大學院校招生之參考。經過文獻探討之後發現國際學生流動的拉力因素有八個構面，分別是學校機構、留學政策、國際競爭力、地理環境、經濟、社會文化、家庭與體制因素。研究方法的部分，利用專家問卷進行問卷試題的適切性評估，再使用因素分析與信度分析法，確立問卷各因素構面試題並取得良好的信度，並利用網路問卷調查法進行正式問卷施測，共計386位填答者，有效填答有286位。研究分析使用描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗和單因子變異數分析，來探討我國大學院校對於大陸學生的拉力因素排序情形與不同背景變項間的差異程度。根據分析結果，歸納出本研究之結論如下：\r\n一、留學政策的制定是台灣吸引陸生的最主要拉力。\r\n二、台灣的文化與大學特色是吸引陸生的重要拉力。\r\n三、男性在留學政策因素上認同度高。\r\n四、商業管理的學生在留學政策因素上的認同度較農業及醫藥學的學生高。\r\n五、有來台經驗的學生在學校機構與體制因素上的認同度較高。\r\n六、經濟因素會因學生是本科生或研究生而有所差異。\r\n最後，根據本研究之結論，對於台灣大學院校、教育行政主管機關和未來研究提出建議，以制定相關招生策略、政策規定或是未來研究方向。

The purpose of this study is to explore the dimension of the pull factors of international student mobility, and discover the main pull factors of Taiwan higher educational institutes, in order to make proper future policies and strategies for recruiting students from mainland China. Through literature review, this study finds that there are eight dimensions of pull factors which are dimension of educational institutes, dimension of study-abroad policy, dimension of international competitiveness, dimension of environment, dimension of economics, dimension of socio-culture, dimension of family, and dimension of national system. As for research methods, using expert questionnaire, factor analysis and reliability analysis to ensure all questions are well-stated and get good degree of reliability, and then using web-based questionnaire to do the survey. In this study, there are 386 respondents, and 286 of them are valid. By means of descriptive statistics, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, the order of the pull factor and the differences between every background variables are found. According to the results, the main conclusions are as follows:\r\n1.The making of study-abroad policy is the main pull factor of Taiwan for students from mainland China.\r\n2.The characteristics of Taiwanese culture and universities are important pull factors.\r\n3.Male shows higher degree of agreement in the dimension of study-abroad policy factors.\r\n4.Students of business and management show higher degree of agreement in the dimension of study-abroad policy factors than students of agriculture and medical science.\r\n5.Students who have experiences in Taiwan show higher degree of agreement in the dimension of educational institutes and national system factors.\r\n6.Undergraduate students and graduate students show different degree of agreement in the dimension of economics factors.\r\nIn the end, based on the conclusion of this study, some suggestions had been proposed to Taiwan educational institutes, educational administration authority and future research, in order to make appropriate policies, strategies, or research direction.