兩岸宗教與政治態度之比較

Abstract

本文以World Values Survey(2005-2006)在中國與台灣的問卷調查為根據，比較兩岸人民的宗教信仰對於政治態度的影響。針對「基督教與民主相容」的理論，在研究設計中以基督徒為對照團體，以檢驗該理論在兩岸的適用性。主要的研究結論有三：「基督教與民主相容論」應用在不同的時空環境裡，需要適當的修正：也就是說，基督徒不一定比其他宗教信徒更民主。其次，在華人社會，佛教徒對於民主的認同可能不低於基督徒。最後，大部分的中國穆斯林比中國的基督徒，對政治更感興趣、更肯定社會的民主與人權狀況，並且以身為中國人自豪。然而相對於台灣信徒，中國宗教信徒的政治態度是否會轉換成民主化的動力，則需進一步檢視兩岸宗教信徒對於民主內涵定義的差異。\r\nBased on the World Values Survey (2005-2006), this paper makes a comparison between the impacts of religions on political attitudes in China and Taiwan. Responding to the theory of the compatibility between Christianity and Democracy, this article examines the theory`s applicability to China and Taiwan by using Christians as the reference group. The major findings of this paper are: firstly, considering different temporal and spatial contexts, the compatibility theory needs modification, that is, Christians are not necessarily more democratic than other religious believers. Secondly, in Chinese societies, Buddhists` commitment to democracy is no lower than Christians`. Lastly, as compared to Chinese Christians, most Muslims are more interested in politics, more positive about the society`s democratic level and human rights condition. Also, they take more pride in their identity as Chinese. Yet, unlike Taiwanese religious believers, whether Chinese believers may turn these political attitudes into an engine of democratization depends on the different definitions that cross strait religious believers have hold toward democracy.