關於“他動詞＋自動詞”類型的複合動詞之－考察－以“引き-”“打ち-”“押し-”為考察對象

Abstract

本稿以生產性高的前項動詞「引き-」「打ち-」「押し-」的造語為對象，針對「他動詞＋自動詞」類型的複合動詞做一考察。藉由本稿的觀察得知「他動詞＋自動詞」類型的複合動詞有經由「他動詞＋他動詞」的複合動詞自動詞化後產生的造語及經由類推由其他的「他動詞＋自動詞」的複合動詞產生的造語。會不會產生「他動詞＋自動詞」類型的造語與前項動詞有多少實質的意思相關。前項動詞表示後項動詞的「様態・附帶狀況」或是前項動詞接頭詞化的複合動詞有可能產生「他動詞＋自動詞」類型的造語，但是前項動詞表示後項動詞的「手段」的複合動詞則不會產生「他動詞＋自動詞」類型的造語。 另一方，形式上與「他動詞＋他動詞」的複合動詞對應的「他動詞＋自動詞」的造語在意思上不相對應，相反的，某種「他動詞＋他動詞」的造語或是某種「他動詞＋自動詞」的造語卻有類似的意思。這些造語是透過類推這個過程而形成的，而這樣的現象只會在前項動詞已經接頭詞化的複合動詞上看到。

This paper focus on the \"transitive+intransitive\" type compound verbs of \"hiki-\" \"uti-\" \"osi-\" which are all productive. Through some discussions, it is clarified that in the \"transitive+intransitive\" type compound verbs, there are verbs that intransitivized from \"transitive+transitive\" compound verbs and verbs that are formed by the process of analogy. Whether the \"transitive+transitive\" compound verbs intransitivized or not is related to how much practical meaning the first component of the compound verb has. On the other hand, \"transitive+intransitive\" compound verbs that formally correspond to \"transitive+transitive\" compound verbs do not correspond to it on the meaning. Conversely, some kinds of \"transitive+transitive\" or \"transitive+intransitive\" compound verbs have the similar meaning. Those compound verbs are formed by the process of the analogy, and occur only in the prefixalized compound verbs.