「病人」、「犯人」或「個人」？男性家暴「加害人」之再認識

Abstract

本文的目的是對現今家庭暴力防治體制對家暴事件去脈絡化地將加害人獨立出來承擔起家暴責任的理解視框進行反思。加害人的暴力行爲被視爲因個人身心病理因素或認知上的父權心態所致，需接受專業人員輔導與教育的「協助」，導正偏差的暴力認知與行爲。在這種個人歸因的理解架構下，加害人的聲音在現行家暴防治體制中是不被聽見與理解的。本研究從加害人主觀經驗出發，以解釋性互動論分析六位已完成加害人處遇計畫的男性個案。研究結果有三：一、家暴防治體制單一化和簡化的視角，將加害人經驗邊緣化，漠視加害人極力澄清自己是「壞人」的烙印、表達自己也是受害者、是需要幫忙的心聲：二、相對於加害人是家庭破壞者的刻板印象，加害人也努力想維繫完整的家，但認爲家庭暴力防治體制所想像的協助方式，不但無助鈴家庭關係的維繫，反而破壞家庭：三、加害人是父權制度與勞動市場雙重壓迫下的受害者，特別是，當中下階層的加害人遭受勞動市場壓迫時，更無力遊刃於現代與傳統男性角色之間。本研究建議，加害人處遇計畫的專業者，應反思由家暴防治體制所複製的個人化矯治和輔導視框，以李重和接納的態度來理解加害人的生命經驗，開顯加害人「多元」主體性與輔導策略。

The current domestic violence prevention mechanism puts domestic violence into a de-contextualization framework, which singles out the offenders as solely responsible for the domestic violence. The violent behavior of the offenders is deemed originated from psycho-physiological disorder or patriarchal attitude, and so the offenders need assistance and education from the professionals to correct their perception and violent behavior. This study focused on the offenders` subjective experience and, in the context of interpretive interactionism, analysed six cases of male offenders who already completed offender`s treatment programs. There were three major results: 1. the domestic violence prevention mechanism`s approach was over simplified. It marginalized the offenders` experience, and the offenders` own wishes and needs were neglected, such as wishing to remove the label of `villain`, or the feeling that they were also victims and needed help. 2. The offenders made effort in the hope of maintaining their family, however they felt that the assistance imposed by the domestic violence prevention mechanism was not only unhelpful, but destructive to the preservation of the family. 3. The offenders fell victim under the two-fold pressure from traditional patriarchal value and the labor market. In particular, when the middle-lower class male offenders suffered from the suppress from the labor market, it became immensely difficult for them to find a standpoint between the traditional and the modern role. This study proposes that the professionals who work in the offender`s treatment programs shall reflect upon their framework of correction and assistance developed by the domestic violence prevention mechanism. It is also suggested that the professionals shall understand the offenders` life experience with respect and acceptance.