Uber經營模式與法律爭議之探究

Abstract

本研究著重於企業之「經營管理」與「法律」兩個重要領域之交集，探究企業於創意發想以及進一步創業開始營業後被熱烈討論之經營管理與法律爭議等相關議題。首先，本文藉由文獻回顧整理出相關理論隨著時間演進，在社會經濟發展、科學技術與創新的交織下產生出什麼樣的學術研究發展。隨後，在進入經營管理以及法律爭議分析前，本文先就本文擬研究之個案公司說明其發展沿革與其經營模式之基礎設計與功能闡述之。接下來本文選定適當之理論作為探究基礎，解構個案公司經營模式之細部架構，同時分析個案公司如何以雙邊平台的形式，運用哪些手段及方法來媒合雙邊市場的客層，進而創造價值。在此之後，本文以分析個案公司經營模式與價值創造為基礎，從法律制度的上位概念為出發點，深入探討個案公司目前於台灣所面臨的法律爭議究竟確有爭議之處，或僅是製造恐慌與對立的假議題。\n\n 結論上，本文認為個案公司的確存有司機篩選機制之漏洞，另就平台會員的隱私權保障以及稅務議題上的確存有爭議。然而，就司機於刑事及交通違規的篩選機制上，個案公司並未如政府及各界所稱之比計程車業更為寬鬆。另外，我國及部份國家政府在面臨新科技與新產業衝擊既有思維與產業內現存競爭者時，未能在對之有通盤了解並廣納各界意見之情況下，罔顧政府應當立於全民整體生活福祉之角色，似有偏於現有產業業者給予過多保護而不思檢討與改革之現象，亟需改進。因此，本文認為除了個案公司針對經營模式與策略須進行修正以外，政府缺乏網際網路與新科技專責機關來統合相關爭議研討之機制，以及考量修法等議題也是政府亟須檢討之處。本文期能藉由研究發現促使政府在面對未來更多新科技彌平現有產業的區隔與打破既有思維之狀況時，能夠更快速的因應並有更深入的研討，對於國內整體社會環境以及經濟成長之提升實有助益。

The study focuses on the intersection of two important areas, ‘management’ and ‘law’ which arouses enormous discussions due to the questions that lies in the business model and legal controversies when an entrepreneur is in the progress of coming up a business model and then starting a business. First, the study reviews previous studies that had been influenced by the society, world economics, technologies and innovations. After that, the study gives a brief introduction about the background of the target company in this study, along with studies on the key design of the business model and core functions. With the fundamental understanding about the target company, the study then accesses the details on the business model of the target company, also concentrating on how the target company uses the two-sided market structure to attract both side of customers and gain profits. Besides, the study uses previous studies on the business model and value creation of the target company as the base to have further discussions from the purpose of law in our society to every details of legal controversies. The study tries to give a clearer view of those legal controversies, aiming to know which one are reasonable opinions and which one are fake issues that make people to have dispensable panic.\n\n To sum up, the study first comes to a conclusion that the target company do have the lack of a strict mechanism on Uber drivers, private policy protection of Uber members, and the need to clarify issues on tax. However, the part of the criminal and traffic records of the Uber driver is not as loose as the government and people said. Instead, it is even stricter than the requirements of being a taxi drivers in nowadays. In addition, the governments of our and other countries do not seem to have well understandings on the new technologies and markets when they have conflicts on their existing knowledge before they make decisions on drafting new entries, taking actions to boycott and fining the target company. Therefore, the study suggests that the adjustments on the business model and strategies of the target company is as important as the government working on establishing an agency dealing with the internet and new technologies and the amendment of law. After all, the study hopes to let the government and people having attention on the impacts driven by the new technologies and the core meaning of the ongoing new age. Furthermore, the government could be able to learn from this case and respond to it timely in view of raising up the whole society and economic growth of our country in the future.