政府大陸政策之主導因素分析：「國家中心」與「社會中心」的論證研究

Abstract

兩岸關係迥異於世上其他分裂國家，自成一特殊格局，學界對兩岸關係及政府大陸政策之研究亦相當的多，本文的研究目的主要在探尋政府大陸政策之主導因素，是否隨著台灣的民主化進程及政黨輪替，而由「國家中心」轉為「社會中心」，亦即大陸政策反映何者的偏好與利益。依據本文的研究結果發現，民主進程初期的大陸政策，不論是高政治性議題或低政治性議題，其主導因素均屬「國家中心」；至民主進程後期，高政治性議題大陸政策之主導因素兼具「國家中心」與「社會中心」，而低政治性議題大陸政策之主導因素則屬「社會中心」。由此觀之，民主轉型改變了國家與社會的互動關係，也因為民主化的發展，致使國家逐漸開放與社會階層溝通，社會因素因此獲得參與政策決策過程的管道，使社會利益更易於轉化成國家政策。顯然，我政府大陸政策已非全由國家所主導，亦包含社會因素的介入。

The cross-Strait relations is completely different from those of other divided nations, numerous researches have been made focusing on the cross-Strait relations and Taiwan’s Mainland policies. According, the main object of this research is to explore if the leading factors of the Mainland polices should be transferred from “state-centered” to “society-centered” under the process of democratization and turnover of the political party, that is the Mainland policies reflect whose preference and interest afterall. According to the research results, we can find that in the initiate stage of democratic progress, no matter for Mainland policies of high politics or low politics, the leading factors are “state-centered”. However, in the later stage of democratic progress, the leading factors for the Mainland policies of high politics are both “state-centered” and “society-centered”, and the leading factors for the Mainland policies of low politics are “society-centered”. Therefore, it can be seen that democracy transformation has changed the interaction of state and society, and because of the development of democratization, the state gradually open up to communicate with social classes, so the social factors obtained the channels to participate in the process of policy-making. That is to say the social interests are easier to transfer to the national policies. Obviously, not all the Mainland polices are dominated by state; they also include social factors.