我國與美國石化產業地下管線管理法制之比較研究— 從高雄氣爆事件出發

Abstract

2014年7月31日深夜至同年8月1日發生的高雄氣爆事件，造成嚴重的傷亡和破壞。本文即從該事件出發，整理其所衍伸之問題爭議，檢視我國相關法制之現況、彙整與此相關之各項立法委員提案，並參考美國之立法例，比較我國與美國石化管線管理法制之異同，最後提出對於我國管線安全管理之立法建議。\n 依美國聯邦法律規定，關於氣體、危險液體之管線安全管理均透過運輸部底下之專責機關PHMSA管理。美國聯邦法律49 USC Subtitle Ⅷ—Pipeline，對於管線之管理有相當完整之一系列規範。無論是最前端的管線材料、設計施工，或是管線啟用後，運送人員的操作資格訓練、管線檢測、維護、資訊提供和損害預防，或是發生事故後的應變計畫等，均有相當詳細的法律規範及明確的授權規定。於管理方法上，行政機關具有多種之監督手段；於損害預防上，建置了國家管線地理圖資系統供民眾查詢，並設置單一電話通知系統，降低挖掘作業進行時造成管線設施損壞之可能性。除此之外，美國法對於違反管線安全相關規定者，更訂有民事及刑事之處罰規定。\n 本文於比較我國與美國之法制後，發現二者之間有諸多差異，且我國現行法對於石化產業管線之管理尚有許多不足之處。因此本文於最後提出三點立法建議，分別為：一、以單一專法規範廠區外石化管線及其他工業管線。二、各種管理方法應立法明定。三、訂定適當處罰規定。

Kaohsiung Gas Explosion Accident, occurred on Jul. 31, 2014, caused serious damages. In this thesis, the author investigated the related issues, examined the related legal systems and summarized the related proposal of bills in the Legislative Yuan. In addition, the author introduced United States Code and furthermore compared the underground pipeline regulatory legal systems between R.O.C. and U.S.A. Finally, the author provided legislative suggestions to pipeline safety management.\n\n According to United States Code, the safety of gas and hazardous liquid pipelines are managed by PHMSA—an administration under the Department of Transportation. There is a series of fairly complete regulatory laws and authorities in 49 USC SubtitleⅧ—Pipeline, including the materials, designs and constructions, qualification of operation of pipeline, training of operation personnel, inspection of pipelines, maintenance, disclosure of operation information and damage prevention, and the response plans when accident happens. There are various ways for administration to manage pipeline safety. National pipelines mapping system is built up such that people can inquire for more detailed information so as to prevent the damage. One-call notification systems are built up so as to prevent the probability of pipeline damages during excavation. Moreover, there are Civil and Criminal penalties in 49 USC SubtitleⅧ.\n\n This thesis indicated that there are many differences between the regulations in R.O.C and U.S.A.. It is found the regulations to the management of petroleum industry in R.O.C. are deficient. Therefore, three legislative suggestions were provided: (a)To stipulate a particular regulation for the petrochemical and similar pipelines outside the factories; (b)To establish substantial management measurements explicitly; and (c)To apply penalty policy when it is appropriate.