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題名 人際親疏與目標設定對團體中個人工作及團體工作努力分配的影響
The effects of interpersonal relationship and goal setting on effort distribution between individual tasks and group tasks.
作者 王榮春
貢獻者 陳彰儀
王榮春
關鍵詞 動機
目標設定
人際親疏
團體
個人
努力分配
motivation
goal setting
interpersonal relationship
group
individual
effort distribution
日期 1994
1993
上傳時間 29-Apr-2016 15:57:24 (UTC+8)
摘要 在本研究中，研究者選擇讓個體在有限的時間中，處理兩件工作。其中一
第一章 緒 論──────────────────────────　 1
     
     第一節 研究動機與目的────────────────────　 1
     第二節 文獻探討───────────────────────　 5
     第三節研究問題與假設─────────────────────　25
     
     第二章 研究方法───────────────────────── 26
     
     第一節 受試者───────────────────────── 26
     第二節 實驗設計──────────────────────── 27
     第三節 實驗工具──────────────────────── 30
     第四節 實驗程序──────────────────────── 32
     
     第三章 研究結果───────────────────────── 60
     
     第一節 操弄變項的檢驗─────────────────────40
     第二節 研究假設的驗證─────────────────────49
     第三節 其他研究結果分析────────────────────55
     
     第四章 討論與建議──────────────────────── 68
     
     第一節 結果摘要──────────────────────── 68
     第二節 討論────────────────────────── 72
     第三節 本研究貢獻、檢討及建議──────────────────81
     
     參考文獻───────────────────────────── 88
     
     附錄一 各實驗情境的指導語──────────────────── 97
     
     附錄二 電腦模擬作業示範內容───────────────────102
     
     附錄三 實驗問卷─────────────────────────104
參考文獻 李美枝.(1980). 社會心理學 : 理論研究與應用。台北:大洋出版社。
     李美枝.(1993). 從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人之人己關係的界限。本土心理學研究，1，267-300。
     汪孝慈.(1989) .目標設定方式與目街預期差異對認知與工作表現之影響。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
     費孝通(1974). 差序格局。見費孝通著 : 鄉土中國。頁22-30上海:觀察社。
     黃光國.(1985). 人情與面子 : 中國人的權力遊戲。見楊國樞主編:中國人的心理，頁289-318。台北:桂冠圖書公司。
     
     Clark, M. S.(1981). noncomparability of benefits given and received: A cue to the existence of friendship. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 375-381.
     
     Clark, M. S.(1984). Record keeping in two types of relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 549-557.
     
     Clark, M, S., & Mills, J. (1979) Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1),12-24.
     
     Clark, M. S., Ouellette, R., Powell, M. C., & Milberg, S. (1987). Recipient`s mood, reation-ship type, and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 94-103.
     
     Dossett, d. L., Latham, G. P., & Mitchell, T. R. (1979). Effects of assigned versus participatively set goals, knowledge of results, and individual differences on employee behavior when goal difficulty is held constant. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64(3), 291-298.
     
     Earley, P. C. (1985). Influence of information, choice and task complexity upon goal acceptance, performance, and personal goals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(3), 481-491.
     
     Earley, P. C. ,& Kanfer, R. (1985) The influence of component participation and role models on goal acceptance, goal satisfaction, and perfor-mance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36(3) 378-390.
     
     Erez, M. (1986). The congruence of goal-setting strategies with sociocultural values and its effect on performance. Journal of management, 12(4), 585-592.
     Erez, M., & Arad, R. (1986) participative goal-setting: Social, motivational, and cognitive factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(4) 591-597.
     
     Erez, M., Earley, P. C., & hulin, C. L. 1985). The impact of participation on goal acceptance and performance: A two-step model. Academy of management Journal , 28(1), 50-66.
     
     Erez, M., Gopher, D., & Arzi, . (1990) .
     Effects of self-set goal and motetar rewards on the eprformance of complex tasks under time-sharing conditions. Organization and decision daking process, 47 (2), 247-269.
     
     Erez, M. & Kanfer, F. . (1983). The role of goal acceptance in goal setting and task performance. Academy of Management Review, 8(3), 454-463.
     
     Erez, M., & Zidon, I. (1984). Effects of goal acceptance in goal setting and task performance. Academy of Management Review, 8, 454-463.
     Hackman, J. R. & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279.
     
     Ishida, H. (1980). The effects of varied clarity of group goal and substeps upon group problem solving. Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19(2), 119-125.
     Kerr, n. L.(1983). Motivation losses in small groups : A social dilemma analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 819-828.
     
     Kerr, N. L., & Bruun, S. E. (1983). Dispensability of member effort and group motivation losses: Free-rider effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 78-94.
     
     Latane,B., Williams, K.,& Harkins, S.(1979). many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 822-832.
     
     Latham, G. P., Erez, M., & Locke, E. A. (1988) Resolving scientific disputes by the joint design of crucial experiments by the antagonists: Application to the Erez-Latham dispute regarding participation in goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(4), 753-772.
     
     latham, G. P., & Kinne, S. B. (1974). Improving job performance through training in goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(2), 187-191.
     
     Latham, G. P., & Marshall, H. A. (1982). The effects of self set, participatively set and assigned goals on the performance of government employees. Personnel Psychology 35(2), 399-404.
     
     Latham, G. P., Mitchell, T. R., & Dossett, D. L. (1978.) Importance of participative goal setting and anticipated rewards on goal difficulty and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(2), 163-171.
     
     Latham, G. P., & Saari, L. M.(1979) The effects of holding goal difficulty constant on assigned and participatively set goals. Academy of Management Journal22(1), 163-168.
     
     Latham, G. P., & Steele, T. P. (1983). The motiva-tional effects of participation versus goal setting on performance. Academy of Management Journal, 26(3);, 406-417.
     
     Latham, G. P., Steele, T. P., & Sarri, L. M. (1982). The effects of participation and goal difficulty on performance. Personnel Psychology, 35(3), 677-686.
     
     Latham, G. P., & Yukl, G. A. (1975). Assigned versus participative goal setting with educated and uneducated woods workers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(3), 299-302.
     
     Latham, G. P., & Yukl, G. A. (1976). Effects of assigned and participative goal setting on performance and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(2), 166-171.
     
     Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a theory of task performance and incentives. Orgnizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3, 157-189.
     
     Locke, E. A. (1981). Comments on Neider: The issue of interpretation of experiments. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 28(3), 425-430.
     
     Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). work motiva-tion and satisfaction: Light at the end of the tunnel. Psychological Science, 1(4),240-246.
     
     Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A Theory of Gola Setting & Task Performance. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
     
     Locke, E. A., Latham, G. P., & Erez, M. (1988). The determinants of goal commitment. Academy of Management Review, 13(1), 23-39.
     
     Locke, E. A., & Schweiger, D. W. (1979). Partici-pation in decision-making: one more look. In B. M. Shaw (Ed.) Research in Organizational Behavior, l, 265-339. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
     
     Locke, E. A., Schweiger, D. M. & Lathame, G. P. (1986). Participation in decision making: When should it be used ? Organization Dynamics, 14 (3), 65-79.
     
     Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90(1), 125-152.
     
     Matsui, T., Kakuyama, T., & Onglatco, M. U. (1987). Effects of goals and feedback on performance in groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(3), 407-415.
     
     Mills, J., & Clark, M. S. (1986). Communications that should lead to perceived explotation in communal and exchange relationships. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4(2), 225-234.
     
     Mitchell, T. R., & Silver, W. S. (1990). Individual and group goals when worker are independent: Effects on task strategies and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(2), 185-193.
     
     Schmidt, K. H., Kleinbeck, U., & Brockman, W. (1984). Motivational control of motor perfor-mance by goal setting in dual-task situation. Psychological Research, 46(1-2), 129-141.
     
     Sholar, W. A., & Clark, M. S. (1982). Deciding in communal and exchange relationships: By consensus or should majority rule ? Paper presented in a symposium on "Communal and Exchange Relationships," M.S.Clark(Chair), Meetings of the Eastern Psychological Associ-ation, Baltimore,MD.
     
     Steers, R. M., & Poter, L. W. (1974). The role of task-goal attributes in employee performance. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 434-452.
     
     Strang, H. R., Lawrence, E. C., & Fowler, P. C. (1978). Effects of assigned goal level and knowledge of results on arithemtic computation: A laboratory study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(3), 446-450.
     
     Tubbs M. E. (1986). Goal setting: A meta-analytic examination of the empirical evidence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 474-483.
     
     Waddell, B. A., & Clark, M. S. (1982). Feelings of exploitation communal and exchange relationships. Paper presented in a symposium on "Communal and Exchange Relationships," M.S.Clark(Chair). Meetings of the Eastern Psychological Association, Baltimore, MD.
     
     Watson, C. (1983). Motivational effects of feedback and goal-setting on group performance. Presented at American Psychological Association meeting.
     
     Weingart, L. R. (1992). Impact of group goals, task component complexity, effort, and planning on group performance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(5), 682-693.
     
     Wicker, A. W. (1969). Size of church membership and members` support and of church behavior setting. Journal of personality ans Social Psychology, 1969, 13, 278-288
     
     Williamson, G, M., & Clark, M. S> (1989). Providing help and desired relationship type as determinants of changes in moods and self-evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(5), 722-734.
     
     Williamson, G, M., & Clark, M. S. (1992). Impact of desired relationship type on affective reactions to choosing and being required to help. Peersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(1), 10-18.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學系
81156005
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002003611
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳彰儀zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王榮春zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 王榮春zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1994en_US
dc.date (日期) 1993en_US
dc.date.accessioned 29-Apr-2016 15:57:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 29-Apr-2016 15:57:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Apr-2016 15:57:24 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002003611en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/88443-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 81156005zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在本研究中，研究者選擇讓個體在有限的時間中，處理兩件工作。其中一zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 第一章 緒 論──────────────────────────　 1
     
     第一節 研究動機與目的────────────────────　 1
     第二節 文獻探討───────────────────────　 5
     第三節研究問題與假設─────────────────────　25
     
     第二章 研究方法───────────────────────── 26
     
     第一節 受試者───────────────────────── 26
     第二節 實驗設計──────────────────────── 27
     第三節 實驗工具──────────────────────── 30
     第四節 實驗程序──────────────────────── 32
     
     第三章 研究結果───────────────────────── 60
     
     第一節 操弄變項的檢驗─────────────────────40
     第二節 研究假設的驗證─────────────────────49
     第三節 其他研究結果分析────────────────────55
     
     第四章 討論與建議──────────────────────── 68
     
     第一節 結果摘要──────────────────────── 68
     第二節 討論────────────────────────── 72
     第三節 本研究貢獻、檢討及建議──────────────────81
     
     參考文獻───────────────────────────── 88
     
     附錄一 各實驗情境的指導語──────────────────── 97
     
     附錄二 電腦模擬作業示範內容───────────────────102
     
     附錄三 實驗問卷─────────────────────────104		-
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒 論──────────────────────────　 1
     
      第一節 研究動機與目的────────────────────　 1
      第二節 文獻探討───────────────────────　 5
      第三節研究問題與假設─────────────────────　25
     
     第二章 研究方法───────────────────────── 26
     
      第一節 受試者───────────────────────── 26
      第二節 實驗設計──────────────────────── 27
      第三節 實驗工具──────────────────────── 30
      第四節 實驗程序──────────────────────── 32
     
     第三章 研究結果───────────────────────── 60
     
      第一節 操弄變項的檢驗─────────────────────40
      第二節 研究假設的驗證─────────────────────49
      第三節 其他研究結果分析────────────────────55
     
     第四章 討論與建議──────────────────────── 68
     
      第一節 結果摘要──────────────────────── 68
      第二節 討論────────────────────────── 72
      第三節 本研究貢獻、檢討及建議──────────────────81
     
     參考文獻───────────────────────────── 88
     
     附錄一 各實驗情境的指導語──────────────────── 97
     
     附錄二 電腦模擬作業示範內容───────────────────102
     
     附錄三 實驗問卷─────────────────────────104		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002003611en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 動機zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 目標設定zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人際親疏zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 團體zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 個人zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 努力分配zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) motivationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) goal settingen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) interpersonal relationshipen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) groupen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) individualen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) effort distributionen_US
dc.title (題名) 人際親疏與目標設定對團體中個人工作及團體工作努力分配的影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The effects of interpersonal relationship and goal setting on effort distribution between individual tasks and group tasks.en_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李美枝.(1980). 社會心理學 : 理論研究與應用。台北:大洋出版社。
     李美枝.(1993). 從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人之人己關係的界限。本土心理學研究，1，267-300。
     汪孝慈.(1989) .目標設定方式與目街預期差異對認知與工作表現之影響。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
     費孝通(1974). 差序格局。見費孝通著 : 鄉土中國。頁22-30上海:觀察社。
     黃光國.(1985). 人情與面子 : 中國人的權力遊戲。見楊國樞主編:中國人的心理，頁289-318。台北:桂冠圖書公司。
     
     Clark, M. S.(1981). noncomparability of benefits given and received: A cue to the existence of friendship. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 375-381.
     
     Clark, M. S.(1984). Record keeping in two types of relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 549-557.
     
     Clark, M, S., & Mills, J. (1979) Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(1),12-24.
     
     Clark, M. S., Ouellette, R., Powell, M. C., & Milberg, S. (1987). Recipient`s mood, reation-ship type, and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 94-103.
     
     Dossett, d. L., Latham, G. P., & Mitchell, T. R. (1979). Effects of assigned versus participatively set goals, knowledge of results, and individual differences on employee behavior when goal difficulty is held constant. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64(3), 291-298.
     
     Earley, P. C. (1985). Influence of information, choice and task complexity upon goal acceptance, performance, and personal goals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(3), 481-491.
     
     Earley, P. C. ,& Kanfer, R. (1985) The influence of component participation and role models on goal acceptance, goal satisfaction, and perfor-mance. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36(3) 378-390.
     
     Erez, M. (1986). The congruence of goal-setting strategies with sociocultural values and its effect on performance. Journal of management, 12(4), 585-592.
     Erez, M., & Arad, R. (1986) participative goal-setting: Social, motivational, and cognitive factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(4) 591-597.
     
     Erez, M., Earley, P. C., & hulin, C. L. 1985). The impact of participation on goal acceptance and performance: A two-step model. Academy of management Journal , 28(1), 50-66.
     
     Erez, M., Gopher, D., & Arzi, . (1990) .
     Effects of self-set goal and motetar rewards on the eprformance of complex tasks under time-sharing conditions. Organization and decision daking process, 47 (2), 247-269.
     
     Erez, M. & Kanfer, F. . (1983). The role of goal acceptance in goal setting and task performance. Academy of Management Review, 8(3), 454-463.
     
     Erez, M., & Zidon, I. (1984). Effects of goal acceptance in goal setting and task performance. Academy of Management Review, 8, 454-463.
     Hackman, J. R. & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250-279.
     
     Ishida, H. (1980). The effects of varied clarity of group goal and substeps upon group problem solving. Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 19(2), 119-125.
     Kerr, n. L.(1983). Motivation losses in small groups : A social dilemma analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 819-828.
     
     Kerr, N. L., & Bruun, S. E. (1983). Dispensability of member effort and group motivation losses: Free-rider effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 78-94.
     
     Latane,B., Williams, K.,& Harkins, S.(1979). many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 822-832.
     
     Latham, G. P., Erez, M., & Locke, E. A. (1988) Resolving scientific disputes by the joint design of crucial experiments by the antagonists: Application to the Erez-Latham dispute regarding participation in goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(4), 753-772.
     
     latham, G. P., & Kinne, S. B. (1974). Improving job performance through training in goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(2), 187-191.
     
     Latham, G. P., & Marshall, H. A. (1982). The effects of self set, participatively set and assigned goals on the performance of government employees. Personnel Psychology 35(2), 399-404.
     
     Latham, G. P., Mitchell, T. R., & Dossett, D. L. (1978.) Importance of participative goal setting and anticipated rewards on goal difficulty and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(2), 163-171.
     
     Latham, G. P., & Saari, L. M.(1979) The effects of holding goal difficulty constant on assigned and participatively set goals. Academy of Management Journal22(1), 163-168.
     
     Latham, G. P., & Steele, T. P. (1983). The motiva-tional effects of participation versus goal setting on performance. Academy of Management Journal, 26(3);, 406-417.
     
     Latham, G. P., Steele, T. P., & Sarri, L. M. (1982). The effects of participation and goal difficulty on performance. Personnel Psychology, 35(3), 677-686.
     
     Latham, G. P., & Yukl, G. A. (1975). Assigned versus participative goal setting with educated and uneducated woods workers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(3), 299-302.
     
     Latham, G. P., & Yukl, G. A. (1976). Effects of assigned and participative goal setting on performance and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(2), 166-171.
     
     Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a theory of task performance and incentives. Orgnizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3, 157-189.
     
     Locke, E. A. (1981). Comments on Neider: The issue of interpretation of experiments. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 28(3), 425-430.
     
     Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). work motiva-tion and satisfaction: Light at the end of the tunnel. Psychological Science, 1(4),240-246.
     
     Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A Theory of Gola Setting & Task Performance. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
     
     Locke, E. A., Latham, G. P., & Erez, M. (1988). The determinants of goal commitment. Academy of Management Review, 13(1), 23-39.
     
     Locke, E. A., & Schweiger, D. W. (1979). Partici-pation in decision-making: one more look. In B. M. Shaw (Ed.) Research in Organizational Behavior, l, 265-339. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
     
     Locke, E. A., Schweiger, D. M. & Lathame, G. P. (1986). Participation in decision making: When should it be used ? Organization Dynamics, 14 (3), 65-79.
     
     Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1969-1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90(1), 125-152.
     
     Matsui, T., Kakuyama, T., & Onglatco, M. U. (1987). Effects of goals and feedback on performance in groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72(3), 407-415.
     
     Mills, J., & Clark, M. S. (1986). Communications that should lead to perceived explotation in communal and exchange relationships. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4(2), 225-234.
     
     Mitchell, T. R., & Silver, W. S. (1990). Individual and group goals when worker are independent: Effects on task strategies and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(2), 185-193.
     
     Schmidt, K. H., Kleinbeck, U., & Brockman, W. (1984). Motivational control of motor perfor-mance by goal setting in dual-task situation. Psychological Research, 46(1-2), 129-141.
     
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