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題名 電腦整合製造資訊流程的探討
The Study of Information Flow in CIM作者 李淑英
Lee, Shwu-Ying貢獻者 林我聰
Lin Woo-Tsong
李淑英
Lee Shwu-Ying關鍵詞 電腦整合製造
資訊流程
參考模式
物件導向方法
Computer Integrated Manufacturing(CIM)
Information Flow
Reference Model
Object-Oriented日期 1994 上傳時間 29-Apr-2016 16:30:53 (UTC+8) 摘要 在電腦整合製造(Computer Integrated Manufacturing)的系統中 參考文獻 1.鐘英明,”系統分析與設計”松崗,66年. 2.雷邵辰,”電腦整合製造-CAD/CAM應用”,松崗,80年. 3.蔡明志,”物件導向程式設計”松崗,80年 4.謝清佳、吳琮璠,”資訊管理理論與實務” ,81年. 5.劉基全,”CIM下的整合環境” ,CAD與自動化,81年10月 6.王立志,”製造規劃與控制系統之發展”,資料庫服務與電腦網路應用計劃研討會,82年5月. 7.王立志,”台灣產業界對電腦整合製造之需求分析及系統發展之研究工業技術研究院委託學術機構研究報告,82年8月 8.萬象,”CIM的規劃導入” 9.賴志炤, ”管理資訊系統之個體導向系統分析模型研究(一)”,資訊與電腦雜誌,82年9月. 10.賴志炤, ”管理資訊系統之個體導向系統分析模型研究(二),資訊與電腦雜誌,82年11月. ” 1. Adiga “Object-Oriented software for Manufacturing System”, Champman & Hall 1993. 2. Alexander, G.D.”Integrating and Improving in-plant systems”Manufacturing Systems August 1988, p65-66. 3. Alexander, M.”Lenders maintains information flow”, ComputerWorld December 12 , 1988, p87, 92. 4. Allen, L.G. “Information Flow Speeds Cost”, December 1987 Automation, p72-77. 5. Ashworth , C.M. “Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) “, information and Software Technology, Vol. 30 No.3 1988. 6. Badiru,A.B. “Analysis of data Requirements for FMS Implementation is crucial to Success “ Industrial Engineering, Octorber, p29-32(1990). 7. Banerjee, S. “Go with the flow”, Network World. October 9 , 1989, p43-54. 8. Blum,D.”Crossing the enterprise with LAN E-mail messages” Network World Vol. 9, No.9 1992. 9. Bowman, R. “ Computers improve information flow”, Distribution , May 1989, p40-44. 10. Briner, R.F. and Ewer, S.R. “Financial Information Flow and Transborder Restrictions”, Journal of Systems Management August 1987, p32-35. 11. Browne, J. Harhen, J. and Shivanan, J. “Production Management System”, A CIM Perspective, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 1988. 12. CAM-I, “Architects manufal:ICAM definition method IDEF0”, CAM-I Doc. No.DR-80-ATPC-01, April 1980. 13. Carnifill, S.M. “Sevent –Task Manufacturing Improvement Program” , January 1991 Manufacturing Systems , p48-52 14. Coad, P. & Yourdon, E. “Object-Oriented Analysis”, 2th edition , Prentice-Hall 1991. 15. Cowan, L. “Reorganizing Organization and Information : How Knowledge Technologies Squash Hierarch and Alter the Role of Informational : How Knowledge Technologies Squash Hierarchy and Alter the Role of information “ , Document Image Automation/September-October 1991, p287-294. 16. Davis,G.B. and Olsen , M.H., “Management Information Systems: Conceptual foundations, structure, and development”, 2ndedtion, 1975. 17. Dileva, A. and Vernadat, F. “Information system analysis and conceptual database design in production environments with M*” comput.Ind. 9. 193-217(1987). 18. Doumeingts, G.,et al. “Design methodology for Advanced Manufacturing Systems” Computers in Industry , Vol. 9 No. 4, December 1987. 19. Doumeingts, G., Chen, D. and Marcotte, F. “Concepts, models and methods for the design of production management systems”, Computers in Industry 19(1992)89-111. 20. Duimering, P.R. et al. “Integrated Manufacturing:Redesign the Organization before Implementing Flexible Technology”,Slaon Management Review, Summer 1993, p47-55. 21. Eliason,A.L., Systems Development Analysis, Design,andImplementation”, Harper Collins Publishers. 1990. 22. Erkes, K.F. and Clark, M.”Open CAM system, ESPRIT project418”, Public Domain Report, April 1987. Roboam, M. “GRAI” 1987. 23. ESPRIT project 932” KB real time reference model” 24. Ewer, S.R. “Financial Information Flow and Transborder Restrictions”, Journal of systems management, August 1987, p32-35. 25. Gane, C. and Sarson, T. “Structured System Analysis: Tools and Techniques”, IST Databooks, New York, 1997. 26. Gottieb, J. and Banerjee, S. “ Go with the flow”, Network world, October 9, 1989 p43-54. 27. Groover, M.P., “Automation, Production Systems, and Computer Integrated Manufacturing “, Prentice Hall, 1988. 28. Hohner, G.J. “Manufacturing Cell design of factory floor local area networks:focus on connectivity “, Production and Inventory management journal-third QUARTER, 1989p18-24. 29. IMPACS Project Consortium, ESPRIT project IMPACS, Technical Annex, January 1989. 30. Joseph, J.V. et al. “Object-Oriented Database:Design and Implementation” Proc. Of the IEEE, 79(1) , Jan 1991, p42-64. 31. JR,A.G.”Information Superhighway”, January-February, 1991 p21-23. 32. Kalashian,M.A.”EDI:A Critical Link in Customer Responsiveness”, December 1990, Manufacturing Systems, p20-26. 33. Karten.N. “Putting Information back in the ceneter”, computerworld Feb.15 1988,p19,p23. 34. Kheshafian,S. “Insight Into Object-Oriented Database “ Information & Software Technology, 32(4), May 1990, p274-289. 35. Kim, C., Kim, K . and Choi,I.”An Objected-Oriented information Modeling methodology for manufacturing information systems”, Computers Industrial Engineering Vol 24 No 3, pp 337-353, 1993. 36. Kim, W. “Object-Oriented Database: Definition and Research Direnctions” IEEE Trans. On-Knowledge and Data Engineering 2(3), Sept 1990, p327-344. 37. Kosanke, K. “CIMOSA-A European Development for Enterprise Integration PART-1:An Overview”, Enterprise Integration Modeling Proceedings of the first international conference1992. 38. Lesso, C.H. “Information Systems Architectures”, ARMA Quarterly, July 1989 p24-28. 39. Martin, J. “Information Engineering, Book 2”, Prentice-Hall, 1972 40. Martin, J. “Principles of Object-Oriented Analysis and Design”Prentice-Hall 1993. 41. Martin,J.M.”Making Information Flow”,Manufacturing Engineering, may 1989. 42. Menzel, C., Mayer, R.J and Sanders, L.K. “Represenation information flow, and Model Integration”, Enterprise Integration Modeling Proceedings of the first international conference 1992. 43. Mills, M.C.”Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Handbook”, by Eric Teicholiz & Joel N. Orr 1987, p1.25-1.36. 44. Miller, R.”Europe 1992: The Impact on the information industry “, March 1990 ONLINE, P51-55. 45. Mitchell, F.H.”An Introduction to Computer-Integrated Manufacturing”, Prentice-Hall, 1991. 46. NBS”National Bureau of Standard” 47. Newell, A. and Simno,H.A., “Human Problem Salving”, Prentice-Hall 1972. 48. Noaker, P.M.” Automate Data Collection” , Production/APRIL 1989,P42-46. 49. Noaker,P.M. “This Software Accelerates Information Flow” Production/JUNE 1989,P62-64. 50. Orr, J.N. “Where is the Computer-Aided Engineer?”,March 1992 Computer-Aided Engineering,p76. 51. Oxborrow, E. et al.”Object-Oriented Data Management in Specialized Environments” Information & Software Technology 33(1) Jan/Feb 1991. 52. Peterson, J.L.”Petri Net Theory and the Modelling of systems”Prentice Hall 1981. 53. Radding, A. and Tuck, L.”Tying It All Together”, Computer Publishing Magazine January 1991, p26-31. 54. Rhodes, D. “Enterprise Computing for World Class Manufacturing”, October 1990 Manufacturing Systems, p76-78. 55. Ross, D.T. “Applications and Extensions of SADT “,IEEE Computer ,Aprial pp25-34 1990. 56. Rumbaugh, J.,Blaha,M.,Premerlani, W., Eddy,F. and Lorensen, W.”Object-Oriented Modeling And Design” Prentice-Hall 1991. 57. Sherman Blumanthal,S.C. “ Management Information System:A Framework for Planning and Development, Englewood cliffs:Prentice Hall 1969. 58. Softech, “Integrated Computer-aided Manufacturing (ICAM) architecture, Part 2: Composite Function Model of ‘Manufacture Product’(MFG0)”, Softech Inc.,June 1981. 59. Somogyi,L.F. “What Are LANs And Do You Really Need One?”Journal of systems management February 1989, p18-23. 60. Stevens,L. “The CIM connection : Reaching out to the shop floor “ Computerworld MAY 30, 1988,P45-50. 61. Tardieu,H. “MERISE”, Paris, 1983. 62. Teresko,J.”CIM:not technology, but the management of technology”, Industry Week FEB 19, 1990. 63. Vail, P.S. “Computer Integrated Manufacturing “PWS-KENT 1988,P4. 64. Waples, E. and Norris, D.M. “Information Systems and Transborder Data Flow” ,Journal of Systems Management, January 1992, p28-30. 65. Warneche “Putting Integration to Work “ CAD/CAM Planning 1991,p34-39. 66. Weatherall, A., “Computer Integrated Manufacturing – From Fundamentals to Implementation”, Bytterworths. 1988. 67. Wild, R. ,”Production and Operations Management”, (4nd edn) 1989 cassell Education. 68. Wu,B.”Manufacturing Systems Design and Analysis”, Chapman Hall 1992. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊管理學系
81356010資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002003879 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林我聰 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin Woo-Tsong en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 李淑英 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lee Shwu-Ying en_US dc.creator (作者) 李淑英 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lee, Shwu-Ying en_US dc.date (日期) 1994 en_US dc.date.accessioned 29-Apr-2016 16:30:53 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 29-Apr-2016 16:30:53 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Apr-2016 16:30:53 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002003879 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/88699 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 資訊管理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 81356010 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在電腦整合製造(Computer Integrated Manufacturing)的系統中 zh_TW dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1.1 研究背景與動機................................................................................................1 1.2 研究目的與範圍................................................................................................3 1.3 研究方法............................................................................................................4 1.4 研究報告之內容架構........................................................................................7 第二章 文獻探討 2.1 電腦整合製造....................................................................................................9 2.1.1 電腦整合製造的定義.........................................................................9 2.1.2 電腦整合製造的架構.....................................................................11 2.1.3 電腦整合製造資訊處理的特性.....................................................15 2.2 資訊流程的探討............................................................................................16 2.2.1 資訊的概念.....................................................................................16 2.2.2 資訊流程的概念.............................................................................17 2.2.2.1 資訊流程的定義..............................................................17 2.2.2.2 電腦整合製造之資訊流程的定義..................................18 2.3 傳統資訊流程分析方法之探討....................................................................19 2.4 資訊流程參考模式之探討............................................................................22 2.5 物件導向方法................................................................................................23 2.5.1 物件導向之典範.............................................................................23 2.5.2 物件導向分析方法之探討.............................................................27 第三章 資訊流程分析方法 3.1 資訊流程分析方法之概述............................................................................29 3.1.1 資訊流程分析方法之特性.............................................................29 3.1.2 資訊流程影響因素探討.................................................................33 3.1.3 資訊流程分析方法之架構.............................................................37 3.2 前置作業分析................................................................................................40 3.2.1 分析小組成立.................................................................................41 3.2.2 訂立分析目標、範圍、觀點..........................................................43 3.3 企業經營情境分析........................................................................................45 3.3.1 企業背景分析.....................................................................................46 3.3.2 企業經營環境分析.............................................................................49 3.3.3 企業組織分析.....................................................................................52 3.4 企業經營操作分析........................................................................................56 3.4.1 企業活動分析.....................................................................................57 3.4.2 區分功能區塊.....................................................................................60 3.4.3 尋找功能區塊之關聯性.....................................................................64 3.5 功能區塊物件分析........................................................................................67 3.5.1 文字性的功能區塊描述.................................................................68 3.5.2 靜態模式之建構.............................................................................70 3.5.2.1 物件類別的辨識..............................................................70 3.5.2.2 尋找物件類別之屬性......................................................73 3.5.2.3 物件類別關係的建構......................................................75 3.5.2.4 靜態模式之反覆修正......................................................79 3.5.3 動態模式的建構.............................................................................79 3.5.3.1 物件的狀態描述..............................................................81 3.5.3.2 事件的找尋......................................................................82 3.5.3.3 物件操作行為的建立......................................................85 3.6 資訊流程分析方法之彙總............................................................................87 第四章 資訊流程參考模式 4.1 資訊流程參考模式的應用方式....................................................................90 4.2 資訊流程參考模式建構方法與呈現方式....................................................94 4.3 資訊流程參考模式之建立............................................................................95 4.3.1 資訊流程參考模式之企業整體模式.................................................96 4.3.1.1 電腦整合製造系統內之活動項目..................................96 4.3.1.2 電腦整合製造系統內之功能區塊..................................97 4.3.1.3 電腦整合製造系統內之功能區塊關聯性.......................99 資訊流程參考模式之功能區塊物件導向模式.................................................101 4.3.2.1 功能區塊之文字性的描述..........................................101 4.3.2.2 功能區塊物件導向靜態模式之建構...........................102 4.3.2.3 功能區塊物件導向動態模式之建構...........................110 第五章 結論與未來發展方向 5.1 結論............................................................................................................118 5.2 未來發展方向............................................................................................119 參考文獻.............................................................................................................121 附錄一:參考模式...............................................................................................126 附錄二:物件類別屬性.......................................................................................134 附錄三:物件類別操作.......................................................................................139 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002003879 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 電腦整合製造 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 資訊流程 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 參考模式 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 物件導向方法 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Computer Integrated Manufacturing(CIM) en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Information Flow en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Reference Model en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Object-Oriented en_US dc.title (題名) 電腦整合製造資訊流程的探討 zh_TW dc.title (題名) The Study of Information Flow in CIM en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1.鐘英明,”系統分析與設計”松崗,66年. 2.雷邵辰,”電腦整合製造-CAD/CAM應用”,松崗,80年. 3.蔡明志,”物件導向程式設計”松崗,80年 4.謝清佳、吳琮璠,”資訊管理理論與實務” ,81年. 5.劉基全,”CIM下的整合環境” ,CAD與自動化,81年10月 6.王立志,”製造規劃與控制系統之發展”,資料庫服務與電腦網路應用計劃研討會,82年5月. 7.王立志,”台灣產業界對電腦整合製造之需求分析及系統發展之研究工業技術研究院委託學術機構研究報告,82年8月 8.萬象,”CIM的規劃導入” 9.賴志炤, ”管理資訊系統之個體導向系統分析模型研究(一)”,資訊與電腦雜誌,82年9月. 10.賴志炤, ”管理資訊系統之個體導向系統分析模型研究(二),資訊與電腦雜誌,82年11月. ” 1. Adiga “Object-Oriented software for Manufacturing System”, Champman & Hall 1993. 2. Alexander, G.D.”Integrating and Improving in-plant systems”Manufacturing Systems August 1988, p65-66. 3. Alexander, M.”Lenders maintains information flow”, ComputerWorld December 12 , 1988, p87, 92. 4. Allen, L.G. “Information Flow Speeds Cost”, December 1987 Automation, p72-77. 5. Ashworth , C.M. “Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) “, information and Software Technology, Vol. 30 No.3 1988. 6. Badiru,A.B. “Analysis of data Requirements for FMS Implementation is crucial to Success “ Industrial Engineering, Octorber, p29-32(1990). 7. Banerjee, S. “Go with the flow”, Network World. October 9 , 1989, p43-54. 8. Blum,D.”Crossing the enterprise with LAN E-mail messages” Network World Vol. 9, No.9 1992. 9. Bowman, R. “ Computers improve information flow”, Distribution , May 1989, p40-44. 10. Briner, R.F. and Ewer, S.R. “Financial Information Flow and Transborder Restrictions”, Journal of Systems Management August 1987, p32-35. 11. Browne, J. Harhen, J. and Shivanan, J. “Production Management System”, A CIM Perspective, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. 1988. 12. CAM-I, “Architects manufal:ICAM definition method IDEF0”, CAM-I Doc. No.DR-80-ATPC-01, April 1980. 13. Carnifill, S.M. “Sevent –Task Manufacturing Improvement Program” , January 1991 Manufacturing Systems , p48-52 14. Coad, P. & Yourdon, E. “Object-Oriented Analysis”, 2th edition , Prentice-Hall 1991. 15. Cowan, L. “Reorganizing Organization and Information : How Knowledge Technologies Squash Hierarch and Alter the Role of Informational : How Knowledge Technologies Squash Hierarchy and Alter the Role of information “ , Document Image Automation/September-October 1991, p287-294. 16. Davis,G.B. and Olsen , M.H., “Management Information Systems: Conceptual foundations, structure, and development”, 2ndedtion, 1975. 17. Dileva, A. and Vernadat, F. “Information system analysis and conceptual database design in production environments with M*” comput.Ind. 9. 193-217(1987). 18. Doumeingts, G.,et al. “Design methodology for Advanced Manufacturing Systems” Computers in Industry , Vol. 9 No. 4, December 1987. 19. Doumeingts, G., Chen, D. and Marcotte, F. “Concepts, models and methods for the design of production management systems”, Computers in Industry 19(1992)89-111. 20. Duimering, P.R. et al. “Integrated Manufacturing:Redesign the Organization before Implementing Flexible Technology”,Slaon Management Review, Summer 1993, p47-55. 21. Eliason,A.L., Systems Development Analysis, Design,andImplementation”, Harper Collins Publishers. 1990. 22. Erkes, K.F. and Clark, M.”Open CAM system, ESPRIT project418”, Public Domain Report, April 1987. Roboam, M. “GRAI” 1987. 23. ESPRIT project 932” KB real time reference model” 24. Ewer, S.R. “Financial Information Flow and Transborder Restrictions”, Journal of systems management, August 1987, p32-35. 25. Gane, C. and Sarson, T. “Structured System Analysis: Tools and Techniques”, IST Databooks, New York, 1997. 26. Gottieb, J. and Banerjee, S. “ Go with the flow”, Network world, October 9, 1989 p43-54. 27. Groover, M.P., “Automation, Production Systems, and Computer Integrated Manufacturing “, Prentice Hall, 1988. 28. Hohner, G.J. “Manufacturing Cell design of factory floor local area networks:focus on connectivity “, Production and Inventory management journal-third QUARTER, 1989p18-24. 29. IMPACS Project Consortium, ESPRIT project IMPACS, Technical Annex, January 1989. 30. Joseph, J.V. et al. “Object-Oriented Database:Design and Implementation” Proc. Of the IEEE, 79(1) , Jan 1991, p42-64. 31. JR,A.G.”Information Superhighway”, January-February, 1991 p21-23. 32. Kalashian,M.A.”EDI:A Critical Link in Customer Responsiveness”, December 1990, Manufacturing Systems, p20-26. 33. Karten.N. “Putting Information back in the ceneter”, computerworld Feb.15 1988,p19,p23. 34. Kheshafian,S. “Insight Into Object-Oriented Database “ Information & Software Technology, 32(4), May 1990, p274-289. 35. Kim, C., Kim, K . and Choi,I.”An Objected-Oriented information Modeling methodology for manufacturing information systems”, Computers Industrial Engineering Vol 24 No 3, pp 337-353, 1993. 36. Kim, W. “Object-Oriented Database: Definition and Research Direnctions” IEEE Trans. On-Knowledge and Data Engineering 2(3), Sept 1990, p327-344. 37. Kosanke, K. “CIMOSA-A European Development for Enterprise Integration PART-1:An Overview”, Enterprise Integration Modeling Proceedings of the first international conference1992. 38. Lesso, C.H. “Information Systems Architectures”, ARMA Quarterly, July 1989 p24-28. 39. Martin, J. “Information Engineering, Book 2”, Prentice-Hall, 1972 40. Martin, J. “Principles of Object-Oriented Analysis and Design”Prentice-Hall 1993. 41. Martin,J.M.”Making Information Flow”,Manufacturing Engineering, may 1989. 42. Menzel, C., Mayer, R.J and Sanders, L.K. “Represenation information flow, and Model Integration”, Enterprise Integration Modeling Proceedings of the first international conference 1992. 43. Mills, M.C.”Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Handbook”, by Eric Teicholiz & Joel N. Orr 1987, p1.25-1.36. 44. Miller, R.”Europe 1992: The Impact on the information industry “, March 1990 ONLINE, P51-55. 45. Mitchell, F.H.”An Introduction to Computer-Integrated Manufacturing”, Prentice-Hall, 1991. 46. NBS”National Bureau of Standard” 47. Newell, A. and Simno,H.A., “Human Problem Salving”, Prentice-Hall 1972. 48. Noaker, P.M.” Automate Data Collection” , Production/APRIL 1989,P42-46. 49. Noaker,P.M. “This Software Accelerates Information Flow” Production/JUNE 1989,P62-64. 50. Orr, J.N. “Where is the Computer-Aided Engineer?”,March 1992 Computer-Aided Engineering,p76. 51. Oxborrow, E. et al.”Object-Oriented Data Management in Specialized Environments” Information & Software Technology 33(1) Jan/Feb 1991. 52. Peterson, J.L.”Petri Net Theory and the Modelling of systems”Prentice Hall 1981. 53. Radding, A. and Tuck, L.”Tying It All Together”, Computer Publishing Magazine January 1991, p26-31. 54. Rhodes, D. “Enterprise Computing for World Class Manufacturing”, October 1990 Manufacturing Systems, p76-78. 55. Ross, D.T. “Applications and Extensions of SADT “,IEEE Computer ,Aprial pp25-34 1990. 56. Rumbaugh, J.,Blaha,M.,Premerlani, W., Eddy,F. and Lorensen, W.”Object-Oriented Modeling And Design” Prentice-Hall 1991. 57. Sherman Blumanthal,S.C. “ Management Information System:A Framework for Planning and Development, Englewood cliffs:Prentice Hall 1969. 58. Softech, “Integrated Computer-aided Manufacturing (ICAM) architecture, Part 2: Composite Function Model of ‘Manufacture Product’(MFG0)”, Softech Inc.,June 1981. 59. Somogyi,L.F. “What Are LANs And Do You Really Need One?”Journal of systems management February 1989, p18-23. 60. Stevens,L. “The CIM connection : Reaching out to the shop floor “ Computerworld MAY 30, 1988,P45-50. 61. Tardieu,H. “MERISE”, Paris, 1983. 62. Teresko,J.”CIM:not technology, but the management of technology”, Industry Week FEB 19, 1990. 63. Vail, P.S. “Computer Integrated Manufacturing “PWS-KENT 1988,P4. 64. Waples, E. and Norris, D.M. “Information Systems and Transborder Data Flow” ,Journal of Systems Management, January 1992, p28-30. 65. Warneche “Putting Integration to Work “ CAD/CAM Planning 1991,p34-39. 66. Weatherall, A., “Computer Integrated Manufacturing – From Fundamentals to Implementation”, Bytterworths. 1988. 67. Wild, R. ,”Production and Operations Management”, (4nd edn) 1989 cassell Education. 68. Wu,B.”Manufacturing Systems Design and Analysis”, Chapman Hall 1992. zh_TW