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題名 DNA指紋於刑事鑑識的統計方法探討
作者 黃崑明
HUANG, KUN-MING
貢獻者 戴政
黃崑明
HUANG, KUN-MING
日期 1992
1991
上傳時間 2-五月-2016 15:17:17 (UTC+8)
摘要 DNA 指紋學或稱DNA 模樣學在刑事科學上之應用已引起當程度的重視。在重大刑案，如凶殺案或強暴案之犯罪現場所蒐集到的生物跡證，若能粹取出質和量皆適宜的DNA ，則以Southern 墨漬技術做DNA 的RFLP 分析，可用來確認VNTR 基因座的重複單位之次數 (即片段長度) ，進而以其模樣做為判定嫌犯的DNA 樣品和罪犯的DNA 樣品來源是否相同，這將會是法庭上的一個強而有力證據。由於片段長度相當多，然長度差異又不太大且有測量誤差，使得條紋尺寸之分布是類似連續的，不能很清楚地把不同的片段長度區別出來，因此如何選定一個準則以將尺寸相近的條紋歸為一類，有其重要性。本文就以上問題，提出一些可能的解決方法，並以一個實例來解釋。
參考文獻 [1 ]黃女恩，「三段高變異性基因(a-globin-3` - HVR , insulin-5`-HVR，C-Ha-ras-3`- HV R) 在中國人中之分布及其應用於刑事鑑識之研究」，中央警官學校警政研究所碩士論文，民國七十九年六月。
     [2] 李成章和張武男主編，「遺傳學詞彙」，國立中興大學遺傳學詞彙編輯委員會編著，民國七十八年十一月，四版，東華書局。
     [3] Baird,M., Balazs,I., Giusti,A., Miyazaki,L., Nicholas,L., Wexler,K., Kanter,E., Glassberg,J., Allen,F., Rubinstein,P. and Sussman,L., 1986. "Allele frequency distribution of two highly polymorphic DNA sequences in three ethnic groups and its application to the determination of paternity." Am. J. Hum. Genet. 39: 489-501.
     [4] Balazs,I., Baird,M., Clyne, M. and: Meade, E., 1989. "Human population genetic studiws of five hypervariable DNA loci." Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44:182-1989.
     [5] Berry,D.A., 1991. "Inferences using DNA profiling in forensic identification and paternity cases." Statistical Science Vo1.6, No 2:175-205.
     [6] Budowle,B., Giusti,A.M., \\Vaye,J.W., Baechtel,F.S., Fourney,R.M., Adams,D.E., Presley,L.A., Deadman,H.A. and Monson,K.L., 1991. "Fixed-bin analysis for statistical evaluation of continuous distrubutions of allelic data from VNTR loci, for use in forensic comparisons. " Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48:841-855.
     [7] Chakraborty,R. and Kidd,K .K., 1991. "The utility of DNA typing in forensic work. " Science Vo1.254 :1735-1739.
     [8] Cohen, J.E., 1990. "DNA fingerprinting for forensic identification: potential effects on data interpretation of subpopulation heterogeneity and band number variability." Am. J. Hum. Genet. 46:358-368.
     [9] Cotton,R.W., Anderson, M.B., Herrin,G., JR., Corey,A.M., Sheridan,K.T., Topelli,L.A.,\\Vasko\\\\`ski,C.A. and Garner,D.D., 1989. "Current case experience with single-locus hypervariable probes."
     In: DNA Technology and Forensic Science: pp191-206. Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.
     [10] Debenham,P.G., 1992. :`Probing identity: the changing face of DNA fingerprinting." Tibtech vol.10 : 96-102.
     [11] Devlin, B., Risch, N .,and Roeder, K., 1991. "Estimation of allele frequencies for VNTR loci. " Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48:662-676.
     [12] Elder,J .K. and Southern,E.M. "Conputer-aided analysis of one-dimensional restriction fragment gels." In: Nucleic acid and protein sequence analysis: a practical approach (eds Bishop, M.J. and Rawlings, C.J. - Oxford: IRL, C 1987.
     [13] Evett, I. W., Gill, P., 1991. "A discussion of the robustness of methods for assessing the evidential value of DN A single locus profiles in crime investigations." Electrophoresis 12:226-230.
     [14] Gill, P. and Werrett, J.D., 1990a. "Interpretation of DNA profiles using a computerised database. "Electrophoresis 11 :444-448.
     [15] Gill, P., Sullivan, K., and Werrett, J.1990b. "The analysis of hypervariable DNA profiles: Problems associated with the objective determination of the probability of a match." Hum. Genet. 85:75-79.
     [16] Gill,P., Evett,I.W., Woodroffe,S., Lygo, J.E., Iv1illican,E. and Webster , M. ,1991. "Databases, quality control and interpretation of DNA profiling in the Home Office Forensic Science Service. " Electrophoresis 12:204-209.
     [17] Jeffreys,A.J., Wilson,V. and Thein,S.L., 1985. "Individual-specific `fingerprints` of human DNA." Nature Vol. 316:76-79.
     [18) Jeffreys,A.J., Royle,N.J., Patel,I., Armour,J.A.L., MacLeod,A., Collick,A., Gray,LC., Neumann,R., Gibbs,M., Crosierr,M., Hill,M., Signer,E. and Monckton D., 1991. "Principles and recent advances in human DNA fingerprinting. " In: DNA fingerprinting:
     Approaches and Applicstions (Eds Burke.T., Dolf,G., Jeffreys,A.J. and Wolff,R.) : pp1-19 (Birkhauser,Base).
     [19] Lander,E.S., 1989a. "DNA fingerprinting on trial" Nature Vol. 339: 501-505.
     [20] Lander ,E.S., 1989b. "Population genetic considerations in the forensic use of DNA typing." In: DNA Technology and Forensic Science: ppI43-156., Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.
     [21] Lewontin, R.C. and Hartl D.L., 1991. "Population genetics in forensic DNA typing. " Science Vo1.254:1745-1750.
     [22] Li,C.C., Weeks,D.E., Ferrell,R.E., Chakravarti,A. 1991. "A new measure of similarity of DN A fingerprints. " In: Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Human Genetics Vo1.49, No.4, p14:64.
     [23] Odelberg,S.J. and White,R., 1989. "Tandemly repeated DNA and its application in forensic biology." In: DN A Techno logy and Forensic Science: pp257 - 263. Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.
     [24] Risch,N.J. and Devlin,B. 1992. "On the probability of matching DNA fingerprints. " Science Vo1.255: 717-720.
     [25] Ross,A.M. and Harding H.\\V.J. 1989. ) "DNA Typing and Forensic Science. " Forensic Science International 41:197-203.
     [26] Roberts, L., 1991. "Fight erupts over DNA fingerprinting." Science Vol.254:1721-1723.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
統計學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004647
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 戴政zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 黃崑明zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) HUANG, KUN-MINGen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃崑明zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) HUANG, KUN-MINGen_US
dc.date (日期) 1992en_US
dc.date (日期) 1991en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-五月-2016 15:17:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-五月-2016 15:17:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-五月-2016 15:17:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) B2002004647en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/89236-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 統計學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) DNA 指紋學或稱DNA 模樣學在刑事科學上之應用已引起當程度的重視。在重大刑案，如凶殺案或強暴案之犯罪現場所蒐集到的生物跡證，若能粹取出質和量皆適宜的DNA ，則以Southern 墨漬技術做DNA 的RFLP 分析，可用來確認VNTR 基因座的重複單位之次數 (即片段長度) ，進而以其模樣做為判定嫌犯的DNA 樣品和罪犯的DNA 樣品來源是否相同，這將會是法庭上的一個強而有力證據。由於片段長度相當多，然長度差異又不太大且有測量誤差，使得條紋尺寸之分布是類似連續的，不能很清楚地把不同的片段長度區別出來，因此如何選定一個準則以將尺寸相近的條紋歸為一類，有其重要性。本文就以上問題，提出一些可能的解決方法，並以一個實例來解釋。en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1、 緒論...................... 1
     1.2 DNA 指紋學...................... 2
     1.3 名詞定義和說明....................... 7
     1.4 刑事鑑識之目的及分析方法.......................8
     1.5 本文之目的....................... 10
     2、 現今統計方法之使用.12
     2.1 前言.......................12
     2.2 等位基因分子量之推估....................... 12
     2.3 等位基因測度的誤差....................... 15
     2.4 等位基因頻度之推估.......................18
     2.5 符合準則....................... 21
     2.6 符合機率之推估....................... 24
     2.7 相似指標....................... 27
     3、 問題討論.......................29
     3.1 DNA 指紋應用於刑事鑑識之問題....................... 29
     3.2 參考族群的選擇....................... 30
     3.3 參考族群中條紋尺寸之分類....................... 33
     3.3.1 組內變異最小組間變異最大準則....................... 33
     3.3.2 變異係數準則....................... 35
     3.3.3 綜合法....................... 36
     3.4 結果分析....................... 37
     4、 結論....................... 44
     參考文獻.......................46		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004647en_US
dc.title (題名) DNA指紋於刑事鑑識的統計方法探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1 ]黃女恩，「三段高變異性基因(a-globin-3` - HVR , insulin-5`-HVR，C-Ha-ras-3`- HV R) 在中國人中之分布及其應用於刑事鑑識之研究」，中央警官學校警政研究所碩士論文，民國七十九年六月。
     [2] 李成章和張武男主編，「遺傳學詞彙」，國立中興大學遺傳學詞彙編輯委員會編著，民國七十八年十一月，四版，東華書局。
     [3] Baird,M., Balazs,I., Giusti,A., Miyazaki,L., Nicholas,L., Wexler,K., Kanter,E., Glassberg,J., Allen,F., Rubinstein,P. and Sussman,L., 1986. "Allele frequency distribution of two highly polymorphic DNA sequences in three ethnic groups and its application to the determination of paternity." Am. J. Hum. Genet. 39: 489-501.
     [4] Balazs,I., Baird,M., Clyne, M. and: Meade, E., 1989. "Human population genetic studiws of five hypervariable DNA loci." Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44:182-1989.
     [5] Berry,D.A., 1991. "Inferences using DNA profiling in forensic identification and paternity cases." Statistical Science Vo1.6, No 2:175-205.
     [6] Budowle,B., Giusti,A.M., \\Vaye,J.W., Baechtel,F.S., Fourney,R.M., Adams,D.E., Presley,L.A., Deadman,H.A. and Monson,K.L., 1991. "Fixed-bin analysis for statistical evaluation of continuous distrubutions of allelic data from VNTR loci, for use in forensic comparisons. " Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48:841-855.
     [7] Chakraborty,R. and Kidd,K .K., 1991. "The utility of DNA typing in forensic work. " Science Vo1.254 :1735-1739.
     [8] Cohen, J.E., 1990. "DNA fingerprinting for forensic identification: potential effects on data interpretation of subpopulation heterogeneity and band number variability." Am. J. Hum. Genet. 46:358-368.
     [9] Cotton,R.W., Anderson, M.B., Herrin,G., JR., Corey,A.M., Sheridan,K.T., Topelli,L.A.,\\Vasko\\\\`ski,C.A. and Garner,D.D., 1989. "Current case experience with single-locus hypervariable probes."
     In: DNA Technology and Forensic Science: pp191-206. Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.
     [10] Debenham,P.G., 1992. :`Probing identity: the changing face of DNA fingerprinting." Tibtech vol.10 : 96-102.
     [11] Devlin, B., Risch, N .,and Roeder, K., 1991. "Estimation of allele frequencies for VNTR loci. " Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48:662-676.
     [12] Elder,J .K. and Southern,E.M. "Conputer-aided analysis of one-dimensional restriction fragment gels." In: Nucleic acid and protein sequence analysis: a practical approach (eds Bishop, M.J. and Rawlings, C.J. - Oxford: IRL, C 1987.
     [13] Evett, I. W., Gill, P., 1991. "A discussion of the robustness of methods for assessing the evidential value of DN A single locus profiles in crime investigations." Electrophoresis 12:226-230.
     [14] Gill, P. and Werrett, J.D., 1990a. "Interpretation of DNA profiles using a computerised database. "Electrophoresis 11 :444-448.
     [15] Gill, P., Sullivan, K., and Werrett, J.1990b. "The analysis of hypervariable DNA profiles: Problems associated with the objective determination of the probability of a match." Hum. Genet. 85:75-79.
     [16] Gill,P., Evett,I.W., Woodroffe,S., Lygo, J.E., Iv1illican,E. and Webster , M. ,1991. "Databases, quality control and interpretation of DNA profiling in the Home Office Forensic Science Service. " Electrophoresis 12:204-209.
     [17] Jeffreys,A.J., Wilson,V. and Thein,S.L., 1985. "Individual-specific `fingerprints` of human DNA." Nature Vol. 316:76-79.
     [18) Jeffreys,A.J., Royle,N.J., Patel,I., Armour,J.A.L., MacLeod,A., Collick,A., Gray,LC., Neumann,R., Gibbs,M., Crosierr,M., Hill,M., Signer,E. and Monckton D., 1991. "Principles and recent advances in human DNA fingerprinting. " In: DNA fingerprinting:
     Approaches and Applicstions (Eds Burke.T., Dolf,G., Jeffreys,A.J. and Wolff,R.) : pp1-19 (Birkhauser,Base).
     [19] Lander,E.S., 1989a. "DNA fingerprinting on trial" Nature Vol. 339: 501-505.
     [20] Lander ,E.S., 1989b. "Population genetic considerations in the forensic use of DNA typing." In: DNA Technology and Forensic Science: ppI43-156., Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.
     [21] Lewontin, R.C. and Hartl D.L., 1991. "Population genetics in forensic DNA typing. " Science Vo1.254:1745-1750.
     [22] Li,C.C., Weeks,D.E., Ferrell,R.E., Chakravarti,A. 1991. "A new measure of similarity of DN A fingerprints. " In: Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Human Genetics Vo1.49, No.4, p14:64.
     [23] Odelberg,S.J. and White,R., 1989. "Tandemly repeated DNA and its application in forensic biology." In: DN A Techno logy and Forensic Science: pp257 - 263. Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.
     [24] Risch,N.J. and Devlin,B. 1992. "On the probability of matching DNA fingerprints. " Science Vo1.255: 717-720.
     [25] Ross,A.M. and Harding H.\\V.J. 1989. ) "DNA Typing and Forensic Science. " Forensic Science International 41:197-203.
     [26] Roberts, L., 1991. "Fight erupts over DNA fingerprinting." Science Vol.254:1721-1723.		zh_TW