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題名 DNA指紋於刑事鑑識的統計方法探討
作者 黃崑明
HUANG, KUN-MING
貢獻者 戴政
黃崑明
HUANG, KUN-MING
日期 1992
1991
上傳時間 2-May-2016 15:17:17 (UTC+8)
摘要 DNA 指紋學或稱DNA 模樣學在刑事科學上之應用已引起當程度的重視。在重大刑案，如凶殺案或強暴案之犯罪現場所蒐集到的生物跡證，若能粹取出質和量皆適宜的DNA ，則以Southern 墨漬技術做DNA 的RFLP 分析，可用來確認VNTR 基因座的重複單位之次數 (即片段長度) ，進而以其模樣做為判定嫌犯的DNA 樣品和罪犯的DNA 樣品來源是否相同，這將會是法庭上的一個強而有力證據。由於片段長度相當多，然長度差異又不太大且有測量誤差，使得條紋尺寸之分布是類似連續的，不能很清楚地把不同的片段長度區別出來，因此如何選定一個準則以將尺寸相近的條紋歸為一類，有其重要性。本文就以上問題，提出一些可能的解決方法，並以一個實例來解釋。
參考文獻 [1 ]黃女恩，「三段高變異性基因(a-globin-3` - HVR , insulin-5`-HVR，C-Ha-ras-3`- HV R) 在中國人中之分布及其應用於刑事鑑識之研究」，中央警官學校警政研究所碩士論文，民國七十九年六月。\r\n[2] 李成章和張武男主編，「遺傳學詞彙」，國立中興大學遺傳學詞彙編輯委員會編著，民國七十八年十一月，四版，東華書局。\r\n[3] Baird,M., Balazs,I., Giusti,A., Miyazaki,L., Nicholas,L., Wexler,K., Kanter,E., Glassberg,J., Allen,F., Rubinstein,P. and Sussman,L., 1986. \"Allele frequency distribution of two highly polymorphic DNA sequences in three ethnic groups and its application to the determination of paternity.\" Am. J. Hum. Genet. 39: 489-501.\r\n[4] Balazs,I., Baird,M., Clyne, M. and: Meade, E., 1989. \"Human population genetic studiws of five hypervariable DNA loci.\" Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44:182-1989.\r\n[5] Berry,D.A., 1991. \"Inferences using DNA profiling in forensic identification and paternity cases.\" Statistical Science Vo1.6, No 2:175-205.\r\n[6] Budowle,B., Giusti,A.M., \\Vaye,J.W., Baechtel,F.S., Fourney,R.M., Adams,D.E., Presley,L.A., Deadman,H.A. and Monson,K.L., 1991. \"Fixed-bin analysis for statistical evaluation of continuous distrubutions of allelic data from VNTR loci, for use in forensic comparisons. \" Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48:841-855.\r\n[7] Chakraborty,R. and Kidd,K .K., 1991. \"The utility of DNA typing in forensic work. \" Science Vo1.254 :1735-1739.\r\n[8] Cohen, J.E., 1990. \"DNA fingerprinting for forensic identification: potential effects on data interpretation of subpopulation heterogeneity and band number variability.\" Am. J. Hum. Genet. 46:358-368.\r\n[9] Cotton,R.W., Anderson, M.B., Herrin,G., JR., Corey,A.M., Sheridan,K.T., Topelli,L.A.,\\Vasko\\\\`ski,C.A. and Garner,D.D., 1989. \"Current case experience with single-locus hypervariable probes.\"\r\nIn: DNA Technology and Forensic Science: pp191-206. Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.\r\n[10] Debenham,P.G., 1992. :`Probing identity: the changing face of DNA fingerprinting.\" Tibtech vol.10 : 96-102.\r\n[11] Devlin, B., Risch, N .,and Roeder, K., 1991. \"Estimation of allele frequencies for VNTR loci. \" Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48:662-676.\r\n[12] Elder,J .K. and Southern,E.M. \"Conputer-aided analysis of one-dimensional restriction fragment gels.\" In: Nucleic acid and protein sequence analysis: a practical approach (eds Bishop, M.J. and Rawlings, C.J. - Oxford: IRL, C 1987.\r\n[13] Evett, I. W., Gill, P., 1991. \"A discussion of the robustness of methods for assessing the evidential value of DN A single locus profiles in crime investigations.\" Electrophoresis 12:226-230.\r\n[14] Gill, P. and Werrett, J.D., 1990a. \"Interpretation of DNA profiles using a computerised database. \"Electrophoresis 11 :444-448.\r\n[15] Gill, P., Sullivan, K., and Werrett, J.1990b. \"The analysis of hypervariable DNA profiles: Problems associated with the objective determination of the probability of a match.\" Hum. Genet. 85:75-79.\r\n[16] Gill,P., Evett,I.W., Woodroffe,S., Lygo, J.E., Iv1illican,E. and Webster , M. ,1991. \"Databases, quality control and interpretation of DNA profiling in the Home Office Forensic Science Service. \" Electrophoresis 12:204-209.\r\n[17] Jeffreys,A.J., Wilson,V. and Thein,S.L., 1985. \"Individual-specific `fingerprints` of human DNA.\" Nature Vol. 316:76-79.\r\n[18) Jeffreys,A.J., Royle,N.J., Patel,I., Armour,J.A.L., MacLeod,A., Collick,A., Gray,LC., Neumann,R., Gibbs,M., Crosierr,M., Hill,M., Signer,E. and Monckton D., 1991. \"Principles and recent advances in human DNA fingerprinting. \" In: DNA fingerprinting:\r\nApproaches and Applicstions (Eds Burke.T., Dolf,G., Jeffreys,A.J. and Wolff,R.) : pp1-19 (Birkhauser,Base).\r\n[19] Lander,E.S., 1989a. \"DNA fingerprinting on trial\" Nature Vol. 339: 501-505.\r\n[20] Lander ,E.S., 1989b. \"Population genetic considerations in the forensic use of DNA typing.\" In: DNA Technology and Forensic Science: ppI43-156., Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.\r\n[21] Lewontin, R.C. and Hartl D.L., 1991. \"Population genetics in forensic DNA typing. \" Science Vo1.254:1745-1750.\r\n[22] Li,C.C., Weeks,D.E., Ferrell,R.E., Chakravarti,A. 1991. \"A new measure of similarity of DN A fingerprints. \" In: Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Human Genetics Vo1.49, No.4, p14:64.\r\n[23] Odelberg,S.J. and White,R., 1989. \"Tandemly repeated DNA and its application in forensic biology.\" In: DN A Techno logy and Forensic Science: pp257 - 263. Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.\r\n[24] Risch,N.J. and Devlin,B. 1992. \"On the probability of matching DNA fingerprints. \" Science Vo1.255: 717-720.\r\n[25] Ross,A.M. and Harding H.\\V.J. 1989. ) \"DNA Typing and Forensic Science. \" Forensic Science International 41:197-203.\r\n[26] Roberts, L., 1991. \"Fight erupts over DNA fingerprinting.\" Science Vol.254:1721-1723.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
統計學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004647
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 戴政zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃崑明zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) HUANG, KUN-MINGen_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃崑明zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) HUANG, KUN-MINGen_US
dc.date (日期) 1992en_US
dc.date (日期) 1991en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-May-2016 15:17:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-May-2016 15:17:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-May-2016 15:17:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002004647en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=101153-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 統計學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) DNA 指紋學或稱DNA 模樣學在刑事科學上之應用已引起當程度的重視。在重大刑案，如凶殺案或強暴案之犯罪現場所蒐集到的生物跡證，若能粹取出質和量皆適宜的DNA ，則以Southern 墨漬技術做DNA 的RFLP 分析，可用來確認VNTR 基因座的重複單位之次數 (即片段長度) ，進而以其模樣做為判定嫌犯的DNA 樣品和罪犯的DNA 樣品來源是否相同，這將會是法庭上的一個強而有力證據。由於片段長度相當多，然長度差異又不太大且有測量誤差，使得條紋尺寸之分布是類似連續的，不能很清楚地把不同的片段長度區別出來，因此如何選定一個準則以將尺寸相近的條紋歸為一類，有其重要性。本文就以上問題，提出一些可能的解決方法，並以一個實例來解釋。en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 1、 緒論...................... 1\r\n1.2 DNA 指紋學...................... 2\r\n1.3 名詞定義和說明....................... 7\r\n1.4 刑事鑑識之目的及分析方法.......................8\r\n1.5 本文之目的....................... 10\r\n2、 現今統計方法之使用.12\r\n2.1 前言.......................12\r\n2.2 等位基因分子量之推估....................... 12\r\n2.3 等位基因測度的誤差....................... 15\r\n2.4 等位基因頻度之推估.......................18\r\n2.5 符合準則....................... 21\r\n2.6 符合機率之推估....................... 24\r\n2.7 相似指標....................... 27\r\n3、 問題討論.......................29\r\n3.1 DNA 指紋應用於刑事鑑識之問題....................... 29\r\n3.2 參考族群的選擇....................... 30\r\n3.3 參考族群中條紋尺寸之分類....................... 33\r\n3.3.1 組內變異最小組間變異最大準則....................... 33\r\n3.3.2 變異係數準則....................... 35\r\n3.3.3 綜合法....................... 36\r\n3.4 結果分析....................... 37\r\n4、 結論....................... 44\r\n參考文獻.......................46zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004647en_US
dc.title (題名) DNA指紋於刑事鑑識的統計方法探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1 ]黃女恩，「三段高變異性基因(a-globin-3` - HVR , insulin-5`-HVR，C-Ha-ras-3`- HV R) 在中國人中之分布及其應用於刑事鑑識之研究」，中央警官學校警政研究所碩士論文，民國七十九年六月。\r\n[2] 李成章和張武男主編，「遺傳學詞彙」，國立中興大學遺傳學詞彙編輯委員會編著，民國七十八年十一月，四版，東華書局。\r\n[3] Baird,M., Balazs,I., Giusti,A., Miyazaki,L., Nicholas,L., Wexler,K., Kanter,E., Glassberg,J., Allen,F., Rubinstein,P. and Sussman,L., 1986. \"Allele frequency distribution of two highly polymorphic DNA sequences in three ethnic groups and its application to the determination of paternity.\" Am. J. Hum. Genet. 39: 489-501.\r\n[4] Balazs,I., Baird,M., Clyne, M. and: Meade, E., 1989. \"Human population genetic studiws of five hypervariable DNA loci.\" Am. J. Hum. Genet. 44:182-1989.\r\n[5] Berry,D.A., 1991. \"Inferences using DNA profiling in forensic identification and paternity cases.\" Statistical Science Vo1.6, No 2:175-205.\r\n[6] Budowle,B., Giusti,A.M., \\Vaye,J.W., Baechtel,F.S., Fourney,R.M., Adams,D.E., Presley,L.A., Deadman,H.A. and Monson,K.L., 1991. \"Fixed-bin analysis for statistical evaluation of continuous distrubutions of allelic data from VNTR loci, for use in forensic comparisons. \" Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48:841-855.\r\n[7] Chakraborty,R. and Kidd,K .K., 1991. \"The utility of DNA typing in forensic work. \" Science Vo1.254 :1735-1739.\r\n[8] Cohen, J.E., 1990. \"DNA fingerprinting for forensic identification: potential effects on data interpretation of subpopulation heterogeneity and band number variability.\" Am. J. Hum. Genet. 46:358-368.\r\n[9] Cotton,R.W., Anderson, M.B., Herrin,G., JR., Corey,A.M., Sheridan,K.T., Topelli,L.A.,\\Vasko\\\\`ski,C.A. and Garner,D.D., 1989. \"Current case experience with single-locus hypervariable probes.\"\r\nIn: DNA Technology and Forensic Science: pp191-206. Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.\r\n[10] Debenham,P.G., 1992. :`Probing identity: the changing face of DNA fingerprinting.\" Tibtech vol.10 : 96-102.\r\n[11] Devlin, B., Risch, N .,and Roeder, K., 1991. \"Estimation of allele frequencies for VNTR loci. \" Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48:662-676.\r\n[12] Elder,J .K. and Southern,E.M. \"Conputer-aided analysis of one-dimensional restriction fragment gels.\" In: Nucleic acid and protein sequence analysis: a practical approach (eds Bishop, M.J. and Rawlings, C.J. - Oxford: IRL, C 1987.\r\n[13] Evett, I. W., Gill, P., 1991. \"A discussion of the robustness of methods for assessing the evidential value of DN A single locus profiles in crime investigations.\" Electrophoresis 12:226-230.\r\n[14] Gill, P. and Werrett, J.D., 1990a. \"Interpretation of DNA profiles using a computerised database. \"Electrophoresis 11 :444-448.\r\n[15] Gill, P., Sullivan, K., and Werrett, J.1990b. \"The analysis of hypervariable DNA profiles: Problems associated with the objective determination of the probability of a match.\" Hum. Genet. 85:75-79.\r\n[16] Gill,P., Evett,I.W., Woodroffe,S., Lygo, J.E., Iv1illican,E. and Webster , M. ,1991. \"Databases, quality control and interpretation of DNA profiling in the Home Office Forensic Science Service. \" Electrophoresis 12:204-209.\r\n[17] Jeffreys,A.J., Wilson,V. and Thein,S.L., 1985. \"Individual-specific `fingerprints` of human DNA.\" Nature Vol. 316:76-79.\r\n[18) Jeffreys,A.J., Royle,N.J., Patel,I., Armour,J.A.L., MacLeod,A., Collick,A., Gray,LC., Neumann,R., Gibbs,M., Crosierr,M., Hill,M., Signer,E. and Monckton D., 1991. \"Principles and recent advances in human DNA fingerprinting. \" In: DNA fingerprinting:\r\nApproaches and Applicstions (Eds Burke.T., Dolf,G., Jeffreys,A.J. and Wolff,R.) : pp1-19 (Birkhauser,Base).\r\n[19] Lander,E.S., 1989a. \"DNA fingerprinting on trial\" Nature Vol. 339: 501-505.\r\n[20] Lander ,E.S., 1989b. \"Population genetic considerations in the forensic use of DNA typing.\" In: DNA Technology and Forensic Science: ppI43-156., Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.\r\n[21] Lewontin, R.C. and Hartl D.L., 1991. \"Population genetics in forensic DNA typing. \" Science Vo1.254:1745-1750.\r\n[22] Li,C.C., Weeks,D.E., Ferrell,R.E., Chakravarti,A. 1991. \"A new measure of similarity of DN A fingerprints. \" In: Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Human Genetics Vo1.49, No.4, p14:64.\r\n[23] Odelberg,S.J. and White,R., 1989. \"Tandemly repeated DNA and its application in forensic biology.\" In: DN A Techno logy and Forensic Science: pp257 - 263. Jack Ballantyne (Ed.) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. New York.\r\n[24] Risch,N.J. and Devlin,B. 1992. \"On the probability of matching DNA fingerprints. \" Science Vo1.255: 717-720.\r\n[25] Ross,A.M. and Harding H.\\V.J. 1989. ) \"DNA Typing and Forensic Science. \" Forensic Science International 41:197-203.\r\n[26] Roberts, L., 1991. \"Fight erupts over DNA fingerprinting.\" Science Vol.254:1721-1723.zh_TW