1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. 學術產出
  3. College of Science
  4. Theses
  5. Item

學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 大學生對話的記憶與社會判斷:言語行為果斷性與性別訊息之效果探討
作者 吳士宏
WU, SHIH-HUNG
貢獻者 陳皎眉
CHEN, JIAO-MEI
吳士宏
WU, SHIH-HUNG
關鍵詞 言語行為
性別訊息
果斷性
客氣理論
THEORY-OF-SPEECH-ACTS
ASSERTIVENESS
POLITENESS-THEORY
日期 1992
1991
上傳時間 2-May-2016 15:21:01 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究主要依據語言行為理論(theory of speech acts) 及語言使用的客氣理論(politeness theory) ，探討一段以要求為主題的對話中，要求者不同果斷性
參考文獻 一、中文部份
     尤育士o (民77) 0 「自我肯定訓練對增進高中僑生自我觀念及自我肯定
     輔導效果之研究」0 國立台灣師範大學心理與輔導研究所未發表之碩士論文o
     朱瑞玲o (民78) 0 中國人的社會互動:論面子的問題O 見楊國樞(編)
     「中國人的心理」頁239-288 0 台北:桂冠圖書公司o
     李美枝。(民79) 0 「社會心理學」(第5版) 0 台北:大洋出版社。
     呂勝瑛o (民78) 0 「諮商理論與技術」。台北:五南圖書公司。
     吳美慧。(民75) 0 「自我肯定訓練對教育學院女生自我肯定|生及自我概
     念輔導效果之研究」0 國立彰化師範六學輔導研究所未發表之碩士論文。
     屈承熹o (民75) 0 「語言學論集:理論、應用及漢語法」0 台北:文鶴出版公司o
     金耀基o (民77) 0 「面」、「恥」與中國人行為之分析O 見楊國樞(編
     ) , 「中國人的心理」頁319-345 。台北:桂冠圖書公司O
     陳之昭o (民71) 0 「面子心理的理論分析與實際研究」0 國立台灣大學
     心理研究所未發表之碩士論文O
     陳百池、吳英璋o (民70 )。自我肯定量表修訂報告o 「測驗與輔導雙月
     刊」， 47期， 743 -744 。
     黃光國。(民74) 0 人情與面子:中國人的權力遊戲O 見李亦園、楊國樞
     、文崇(合編) , 「現代化與中國化論文集」頁125 -153 0 台北:桂冠圖書公司。
     黃光國、楊國樞o (民60) 0 個人現代性與社會取向的關係o 「中央研究
     院民族學研究集刊」， 32期. 245 2 0
     Best. J. B. (民80) 0「認知心理學」(黃秀瑄、林瑞欽合譯)。台北
     :鄧大書苑o (原著出版於民78 )。
     黃宣範。(民72) 0 「語言哲學--意義與指涉理論的研究」0 台北:文鶴出版公司。
     L i , C. N., &Thompso, S. A. (民72) 0 「漢語語法」(黃宣範譯)。
     台北:文鶴出版公司。(原著出版於民70 )。
     曾漢榮。(民78)。自我肯定訓練對大學院校學生社團人自我肯定性、社會焦慮及自我接納輔導效果之研究。「輔導學報」，12期，171-201。
     葉宗文。(民78) 。「自我肯定訓練對育幼院院童、單親兒童自我觀念、 人際關係之研究」。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所未發表之碩士論文。
     費孝通。(民37)。「鄉土中國」。台北：綠洲出版社。(重印)。
     楊基銓。(民74) 。「自我肯定訓練蘭雅國中女生輔導效果之研」。國立彰化師範大學教育研究所未發表之碩士論文。
     楊國樞。(民70)。中國人的性格與行為：形成及蛻變。「中華心理學刊」，卷23，39-55。
     蔡順良。(民72)。「師大學生家庭環境因素、教育背景與自我肯定性之關係暨自我肯定訓練效果研究」。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所未發表之碩士論文。
     劉麗容。(民80)。「如何克服溝通障礙」。台北：遠流出版公司。
     
     
     
     
     
     
     二、英文部份
     Alberti, R. E. (1977). Comments on "Differentiating assertion
     from agression: Some behavioral guidelines". Behavior Therapy,8, 353-354.
     Alberti, R. E., & Emmons, M. L.(1970). Your perfect right: A guide
     to assertive behavior. San Luis Obispo, CA: Impact.
     Alberti. R. E .. & Emmons, M. L.(1975). Stand up. speak out. talk
     back. New York: Pocket Books.
     Alberti, R. E., & Emmons, M. L.(1986). Your perfect right: A guide
     for assertive living (5th ed.). San Luis Obispo, CA: Impact.
     Austin. J. L.(1962). How to do things with words. New York: Oxford University Press.
     Bach, K., & Harnish, R. M.(1979). Linguistic communication and
     speech acts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
     Baer, J. (1976). How to be an assertive (not aggressive) woman in
     life. in love, and on the job. New York: Signet.
     Bates, E., Kintsch, W., Fletcher. C. R., & Giuliani. V. (1980).
     The role of pronominalization and ellipsis in texts: Some
     memory experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human
     Learning and Memory. 6,671-691.
     Berger. J., Rosenholtz, S.J., & Zelditch, M., Jr.(1980). Status
     organizing processes. In A. Inkeles, N.J. Smelser. & R. H.
     Turner (Eds.), Annual review of sociology (Vol.6, pp.479-508).
     Palo ALto, CA: Annual Reviews.
     Bloom, L.Z., Coburn, K., & Pearlman, J.(1975). The new assertive
     woman. New York: Dell.
     Bloom, L., & Lahey, M. (1978). Language development and language
     disorders. New York: Wiley.
     Boisvert, J. M., Beaudry, M., & Bittar, J. (1985). Assertiveness
     training and human communication processes. Journal of Contemporary
     Psychotherapy, 15, 58-73.
     Bower, S.A., & Bower, G. H.(1976). Asserting yourself: A practical
     guide for positive change. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
     Brewer, W., & Hay, A. (1984). Reconstructive recall of linguistic
     style. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23,
     237-249.
     Broverman, I. K., Vogel, S. R., Broverman, D. M., Clarkson, F. E.,
     & Rosenkrant P. S.(1972). Sex-role stereotypes: A current appraisal.
     Journal of Social Issues, 28,59-78.
     Brown, P.(1976). Women and politeness: a new perspespective on
     language and society. Reviews in Anthropology, 3,240-249.
     Brown, P.(1977). How and why are women more polite: Some evidence
     from a Mayan community. Mimeo, Cambridge University.
     Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1978). Universals in language use:
     Politeness phenomena. In E. Goody (Ed.), Question and
     politeness (PP. 56-310). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
     Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in
     language usage. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
     Cansler, D., & Stiles, W. (1981). Ralative status and interpersonal
     presumptousness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17,459-471.
     Carli, L. L. (990). Gender, language, and influence. Journal of
     Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 941-951.
     Carrol, D. W. (1986), Psychology of language. Belmont, CA:
     Wadsworth, Inc.
     Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. The Hague: Mouton.
     Christoff K, A., & Kelly, J. A. (1985). A behavioral approach to
     "social skills training. In L. L. L`Abate, & M. A. Milan
      (Eds.), Handbook of social skills trainging and research. New York: Wiley .
     Clark, H. H. (1979). Responding to indirect speech acts. Cognitive
     Psychology, 11, 430-477.
     Clark, H. H. (1985), Language use and language users. In G.
     Lindzey, & E. Aroason (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology
     (3rd ed., Vol.2. PP.179-232). Reading, MA: Addison-Westey.
     Clark, H. H., & Schunk, D. (1980). Polite responses to polite requess.
     Cognition, 8, 111-143.
     Cook, D. J., & St. Lawrence. J. S. (1990). Variations in presentational
     format: Effect on interpersonal elvations of assertive
     and unassertive behavior. Behavior Modification, 14,21-36.
     Crawford, M. (1988). Gender, age, and the social evaluation of
     assertion. Behavior Modification, 12, 549-564.
     Davis, D. (1982). Determinants of responsiveness in dyadic interaction.
     In W. Ickes, & E. Knowles (Eds.), Personality, roles,
     and social behavior (PP.89-139). New York: Spring-Verlag.
     Davis, D., & Holtgraves T. (1984). Perceptions of unresponsive
     others: Attributions, attraction, understandability, and
     memory of ther utterances. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20, 383-408.
     Eagly, A. H. (1978). Sex differences in influenciability. Psychological
     Bulletin, 85, 86-116.
     Eagly, A. H. (1983). Gender and social influence: A social psychological
     analysis. American Pychologist, 38, 971-981.
     Eagly, A. H. & Wood, W. (1982). Inferred sex differences in status
     as a determinant of gender stereotypes about social influence.
     Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 915-928.
     Elrod, M. M. (1986). Children`s understanding of indirect requests.
     Journal of Genetic Psychology, 148, 63-70.
     Epstein, N. (1980). The social consequences of assertion, agression,
     passive agression and submission: Situational and dis positional
     determinants. Behavior Therapy, 11, 662-669.
     Ervin-Tripp, S. (1976). Is Sybil there? The sturcture of some Amercian
     English directives. Language in Society, 5, 25-66.
     Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1984). Social cognition. Reading,
     MA: Addison-Wesley.
     Frost, J. H. (1977). The influence of female and male communication
     styles on conflict strategies: problem areas. Paper
     presented at the Interational Communication Association Convention,
     Berlin, West Germany.
     Galassi, J. P., Galassi, M. D., & Fulkerson, K. (1984). Assertion
     training in theory and practice: An update. In C. M. Franks
     (Ed.), New developments in behavior therapy: From research
     to clinical application. New York: Haworth Press.
     Galassi, M. D., & Galassi, J. P. (1977). Assert yourself: How to
     be your own person. New York: Human Sciences.
     Galassi, J. P., Galassi, M. D., & Vedder, M. J. (1981). Perspectives
     on assertion as a social skills model. In J. Wine, & M.
     Smye (Eds.), Social competence. New York: Guiford Press.
     Gervasio, A. H. (1987). Assertiveness techniques as speech acts.
     Clinical Psychology Review, 7,105-119.
     Gervasio, A. H. (1988). Linguistic analysis of an assertiveness
     training film. Psychotherapy, 25, 294-304.
     Gervasio, A. H., & Crawford, M. (1989). Social evaluation of as-
     sertiveness. A critique and speech act reformulation. Psychology
     of Women Quarterly, 13, 1-25.
     Gervasio, A. H., Pepinsky, H. B., & Schwebel, A. I. (1983).
     Stylistic complexity and verb usage in assertive and passive
     speech. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 546-556.
     Gibb, R. (1981). Memory for requests in conversation. Journal of
     Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 630-640.
     Goffman, E. (1967), Interaction ritual: Essays on face to face
     interaction. Gaden City, NY: Anchor Books.
     Goffman, E. (1972), Interaction ritual. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.
     Goguen, J. A., & Linde, C. (1983). Linguistic methodology for the
     analysis of aviation acidents (contract No. NA 52-11052).
     Palo Alto, CA: Structural Smantics.
     Graesser, A., & Mandler, G. (1975). Recognition memory for the
     meaning of surface structare of sentences. Journal of Experimental
     Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 104, 238-248.
     Grice, H. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole, & J. Morgan
     (Eds.), Syntax and semantics: Speech acts (PP.41-58). New York: Academic Press.
     Hare-Mustin, R. T. (1983). An appraisal of the relationship between
     women and psychotherapy: 80 years after the case of
     Dora. American Psychologist, 38, 593-601.
     Hare-Mustin, R. T., & Maracek, J. (1988). The meaning of difference:
     Gender theory, postmodernism, and psychology. American
     Psychologist, 43, 455-464.
     Hass, A. (1979). Male and female spoken language differences:
     stereotypes and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 616-626.
     Hastie, R., Park, B., & Weber, R. (1984). Social memory. In
     R. Wyer, & T. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition
     (Vo1.2, PP.151-212). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
     Heimberg, R. G., Montgomery, D., Madsen, C. H., & Hermberg, J. S.
     (1977). Assertion training: A review of the literature.
     Behavior Therapy, 8, 953-971.
     Holtgraves, T. (1986). Language structure in social interaction:
     Perception of direct and indirect speech acts and interactants
     who use them. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 305-314.
     Holtgraves, T., Srull, T., Socall. D. (1989). Conversation memory:
     The effects of speaker status on memory for the assertiveness
     of conversation remarks. Journal of Personality and Social
     Psychology, 56, 149-1160.
     Holtgraves, T., & Yang, J. (1990). Politeness as universal: Crosscultural
     perceptions of request strategies and infleuences
     based on their use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 719-729.
     Hornstein, G. (1985). Intimacy in conversational style as a function
     of the degree of clossness between members of the dyad.
     Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 671-681.
     Horp, H., & Rokos, R. F. (1985). The influence of race in the
     social evaluation of assertion in conflict situations. Behavior
     THerapy, 16, 478-493.
     Hudson, R. A.(1990). Sociolinguistics. New York: Cambridge university Press.
     Jakubowski, P., & Lange, A. J. (1978). The assertive option. Campaign, I L: Research Press.
     Jarvella. R. J.(1971). Syntactic processing of connected speech.
     Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 10, 409-416.
     Katz, J. J.(1977). Propositional structure and illocutionary
     Force. New York: Thomas Y. Carowell.
     Kemper, S. & Thissen, D. (1981). Memory for the dimention of requests. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 552-563.
     Kern, J. M. (1982). Perdicting the impact of assertiveness of
     Assertee. Behavior Therapy, 13, 486-498.
     Kern, J. M., Cavell, T. A., & Beck, B. (1985). Prediction differential reactions to males’ versus females’, assertions, empathic assertions, and nonassertions. Behavior Therapy, 16, 63-75.
     Kintsch. W.,& Bates, E. (1977). Recognition memory for statements from a classroom lecture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, 150-159.
     Kramer, C. (1974). Women’s speech: Separate but unequal? Quarterly
     Journal of Speech, 60, 14-24.
     Kramer, C. (1978). Female and male percetions of female and male . Language and Speech, 20,151-161.
     Kraut, R. E., &Higgins, E. T. (1984). Communication and social cognition, In R. S. Wyer, & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition(Vol.3 PP.87-127). Therapeutic discourse: Psychotherapy as conversation. New York: Academic Press.
     Lakoff, R. (1975). Language and woman’s place. New York: Colophon/Harper &Row.
     Lakoff, R. (1977). What you can do with words: Politeness,
     pragmatics, and performatives. In A. Rogers, B. Wall, & J. P.
     Murphy (Eds.), Proceedings of the Texas Conference on Performatives,
     Presuppositions, and Implications. Arlington, VA: Center of Applied Linguistics.
     Lakoff, R. (1979). Stylistic strategies within a grammar of style.
     In J. Orasanu, M. K. Slater, & L. L. Aldler(Eds.), Language,
     sex, and gender: Does" la difference" make a difference? New
     York: New York Academy of Sciences.
     Lange, A. J., & Jakubowski, P. (1976). Responsible assertive
     behavior. Campaign, IL: Research Press.
     Lange, A. J., & Jakubowski, P. (1978). Responsible assertion: A
     model for personal growth. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
     Lao, R. C., Upchurch, W. H., Corwin B. J., & Grossnickle, W. F.
     (1975). Biased attitudes toward females as indicated by
     ratings of intelligence and likeability. Psychological Reports, 37, 1315-1320.
     Levinson, S. (1979). Activity types and language. Linguistics, 17, 365-399.
     Levin, R. B., & Gross, A. M.(1987). Assertiveness style: Effects
     on perceptions of assertive behavior. Behavior Modification, 11, 229-240.
     Lohr, J. M., & Nix, J. (1982). Relationship of assertiveness and
     the short form of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: A replication.
     Psychological Reports, 50, 114.
     MacDonald, M. L. (1982). Assertion training for women. In J. P.
     Curran, & P. M. Monti (Eds.), Social skill training: A
     gractical guide for assessment and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.
     Mullinix, S. B., & Galassi, J. P. (1981). Deriving the content of
     social skills training with a verbal response components approach.
     Behavioral Assessment, 3, 55-66.
     Phelps, S., & Austin, N. (1975). The assertive woman. San Luis Obisp: Impact.
     Pitcher, S. W., & Meikle, S. (1980). The topography of assertive
     behavior in positive and negative situations. Behavior Therapy, 11, 532-547.
     Rakos, R. F. (1979). Content consideration in the distinction between
     assertive and aggressive behavior. Psychological Reports, 44, 767-773.
     Rakos, R. F. (1986). Asserting and confronting. In O. Hargie
     (Ed.), A handbook of communication skills(PP.407-440). London: Croom Helm.
     Rakos, R. F. (1991). Assertive behavior: Theory, research, and
     training. London: Routledge.
     Romano, J. M., & Bellack, A. S.(1980). Social validation of a
     component model of assertive behavior. Journal of Consulting
     and Clinical Psychology, 4, 478-490.
     Rudy, T. E., Merluzzi, T. V., & Henahan, P. T.(1982). Construal
     of complex assertion situations: A multidimentional analysis.
     Journal of Counselting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 125-137.
     Sachs, J. S. (1974). Memory in reading and listening to discourse.
     Memory and Cognition, 2, 95-100.
     Schroeder, H. E., & Rakos, R. F.(1978). Effects of history on the
     measurement of assertion. Behavior THerapy, 9, 965-966.
     Schroeder, H. E., & Rakos, R. F. (1983). The identification and
     assessment of social skills. In R. Ellis, & D. Whitington
     (Eds.), Nelt` directions -in social skill training. London: Croom Helm.
     Schroeder, H. E., & Rakos, R. F. (1983). The social perception of
     assertive behavior as a function of response class and gender.
     Behavior Therapy, 14, 534 -544.
     Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
     Searle, J. R. (1975). Indirect speech acts. In P. Cole, & J.
     Morgan(Eds.), Syntax and semantics 3: speech acts (PP.59-82).
     New York: Academic Press.
     Sigal, J., Braden-Maguire, J., Hayden, M., & Mosley, N. (1985).
     The effect of presentation style and sex of layer on Jury
     decision-making behavior. Psychology: A Quateryly Journal of
     Human Behavior, 22, 13-19.
     Slugoski, B., & Turnbull, ~V. (1988). Cruel to be kind and kind to
     be cruel: Sarcasm, banter and social relations. Journal of
     Language and Social Psychology, 7, 101-121.
     Smith, M. J. (1975). When I Say No, I Feel Guilty. Buntam Book.
     Smith, P. M. (1979). Sex markers in speech. In K. R. Scherer, &
     H. Giles (Eds.), Social makers in speech (PP.109-146). London:
     Cambridge University Press.
     Solomon, L. J., Brehony, K. A., Rothblum, E. D., & Kelley, J. K.
     (1982). Corporate manager`s reaction to assertive social
     skill exhibited by males and females. Journal of Organizational
     Behavior Management, 4, 49-63.
     Solso, R. L. (1988). Cognitive psychology (2nd ed.) MA: Allyn &Bacon.
     St. Lawenc, J. S. (1987). Assessment of assertion. In M. Hersen,
     R. R. Eisler, & P. M. Miller (Eds.), Progress in behavior
     Modification (Vol.21). Newbury. Park, CA: Sage Publications.
     Sue, D., Ino. S., & Sue, D. M. (1983). Nonassertiveness of Asian
     Americans: An inaccurate assumption? Journal of Counseling
     Psychology, 30, 581-588.
     Swacker, M. (1976).The sex of the speaker as a sociolinguistic
     Variable. In B. Thorne, & N. Henley (Eds.), Language and sex:
     Difference and dominance. Rowley. MA: Newbury House.
     Wildman, B. G., & Clemnet B.(1986). Assertive, empathic assertive,
     And conversational behavior: Perception of likability,
     Effectiveness, and sex role. Behavior Modification, 10, 315-332.
     Wine, J. D. (1981). From defect to competence models. In J. D.
     Wine, & M. D. Smye(Eds.), Social competence. New York: Guilford Press.
     Wish, M., Dentsch, M., & Kaplan, S. J. (1976). Perceived dimentions of interpersonal relations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 409-420.
     Wolpe, J. (1982). The practice of behavior therapy(3rd ed.). New
     York: Pergamon Press.
     Zollo, L. J., Heimberg, R. G., & Becker, R. E.(1985). Evaluations
     And consequences of assertive behavior. Journal of Behavior
     Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 16, 295-301.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004419
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳皎眉zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor CHEN, JIAO-MEIen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳士宏zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) WU, SHIH-HUNGen_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳士宏zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) WU, SHIH-HUNGen_US
dc.date (日期) 1992en_US
dc.date (日期) 1991en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-May-2016 15:21:01 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-May-2016 15:21:01 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-May-2016 15:21:01 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002004419en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/89332-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究主要依據語言行為理論(theory of speech acts) 及語言使用的客氣理論(politeness theory) ，探討一段以要求為主題的對話中，要求者不同果斷性zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章緒論．．．．．．．．．．1
     第一節研究動機與目的．．．．．．．．．．1
     第二節言語行為理論與語言的社會本質—果斷性之文獻探討．．．．．．．．．．5
     第三節果斷性訓練中果斷行為之文獻探討．．．．．．．．．．19
     第四節對話的記憶效果之文獻探討．．．．．．．．．．34
     第五節對話的社會判斷效果之文獻探討．．．．．．．．．．44
     第六節研究問題與假設．．．．．．．．．．55
     第二章研究方法．．．．．．．．．．57
     第一節綜覽．．．．．．．．．．57
     第二節受試．．．．．．．．．．58
     第三節實驗設計．．．．．．．．．．59
     第四節實驗工具．．．．．．．．．．63
     第五節實驗程序．．．．．．．．．．66
     第三章研究結果．．．．．．．．．．69
     第一節操弄檢驗的結果分析．．．．．．．．．．69
     第二節記憶效果的結果分析．．．．．．．．．．72
     第三節對話雙方權力高低與關係親密度的推論結果分析．．．．．．．．．．76
     第四節對要求者言語行為喜觀程度的評價結果分析．．．．．．．．．．80
     第五節長期社會關係後果的預測結果分析．．．．．．．．．．85
     第四章討論與建議．．．．．．．．．．87
     第一節結論與討論．．．．．．．．．．87
     第二節建議與應用．．．．．．．．．．93
     註釋．．．．．．．．．．96
     參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．106
     附錄A言語行為的主要類型．．．．．．．．．．119
     附錄B攻擊行為、果斷行為與不果斷行為之比較．．．．．．．．．．120
     附錄C判斷是否為目標論辭的原則．．．．．．．．．．121
     附錄D言語行為果斷性的四個主要量表．．．．．．．．．．122
     附錄E「男對女」、「男對男」、「女對女」、「女對男」四種對話的前提敘述．．．．．．．．．．123
     附錄F操弄檢驗之有效樣本人數分佈表．．．．．．．．．．125
     附錄G「標準果斷」、「同理果斷」、「不果斷」三種對話的主體內容(以女性要求者對女性接收者為例)．．．．．．．．．．126
     附錄H問卷．．．．．．．．．．130
     附錄I指導語．．．．．．．．．．136		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004419en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 言語行為zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 性別訊息zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 果斷性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 客氣理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) THEORY-OF-SPEECH-ACTSen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ASSERTIVENESSen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) POLITENESS-THEORYen_US
dc.title (題名) 大學生對話的記憶與社會判斷:言語行為果斷性與性別訊息之效果探討zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部份
     尤育士o (民77) 0 「自我肯定訓練對增進高中僑生自我觀念及自我肯定
     輔導效果之研究」0 國立台灣師範大學心理與輔導研究所未發表之碩士論文o
     朱瑞玲o (民78) 0 中國人的社會互動:論面子的問題O 見楊國樞(編)
     「中國人的心理」頁239-288 0 台北:桂冠圖書公司o
     李美枝。(民79) 0 「社會心理學」(第5版) 0 台北:大洋出版社。
     呂勝瑛o (民78) 0 「諮商理論與技術」。台北:五南圖書公司。
     吳美慧。(民75) 0 「自我肯定訓練對教育學院女生自我肯定|生及自我概
     念輔導效果之研究」0 國立彰化師範六學輔導研究所未發表之碩士論文。
     屈承熹o (民75) 0 「語言學論集:理論、應用及漢語法」0 台北:文鶴出版公司o
     金耀基o (民77) 0 「面」、「恥」與中國人行為之分析O 見楊國樞(編
     ) , 「中國人的心理」頁319-345 。台北:桂冠圖書公司O
     陳之昭o (民71) 0 「面子心理的理論分析與實際研究」0 國立台灣大學
     心理研究所未發表之碩士論文O
     陳百池、吳英璋o (民70 )。自我肯定量表修訂報告o 「測驗與輔導雙月
     刊」， 47期， 743 -744 。
     黃光國。(民74) 0 人情與面子:中國人的權力遊戲O 見李亦園、楊國樞
     、文崇(合編) , 「現代化與中國化論文集」頁125 -153 0 台北:桂冠圖書公司。
     黃光國、楊國樞o (民60) 0 個人現代性與社會取向的關係o 「中央研究
     院民族學研究集刊」， 32期. 245 2 0
     Best. J. B. (民80) 0「認知心理學」(黃秀瑄、林瑞欽合譯)。台北
     :鄧大書苑o (原著出版於民78 )。
     黃宣範。(民72) 0 「語言哲學--意義與指涉理論的研究」0 台北:文鶴出版公司。
     L i , C. N., &Thompso, S. A. (民72) 0 「漢語語法」(黃宣範譯)。
     台北:文鶴出版公司。(原著出版於民70 )。
     曾漢榮。(民78)。自我肯定訓練對大學院校學生社團人自我肯定性、社會焦慮及自我接納輔導效果之研究。「輔導學報」，12期，171-201。
     葉宗文。(民78) 。「自我肯定訓練對育幼院院童、單親兒童自我觀念、 人際關係之研究」。國立高雄師範大學教育研究所未發表之碩士論文。
     費孝通。(民37)。「鄉土中國」。台北：綠洲出版社。(重印)。
     楊基銓。(民74) 。「自我肯定訓練蘭雅國中女生輔導效果之研」。國立彰化師範大學教育研究所未發表之碩士論文。
     楊國樞。(民70)。中國人的性格與行為：形成及蛻變。「中華心理學刊」，卷23，39-55。
     蔡順良。(民72)。「師大學生家庭環境因素、教育背景與自我肯定性之關係暨自我肯定訓練效果研究」。國立台灣師範大學教育研究所未發表之碩士論文。
     劉麗容。(民80)。「如何克服溝通障礙」。台北：遠流出版公司。
     
     
     
     
     
     
     二、英文部份
     Alberti, R. E. (1977). Comments on "Differentiating assertion
     from agression: Some behavioral guidelines". Behavior Therapy,8, 353-354.
     Alberti, R. E., & Emmons, M. L.(1970). Your perfect right: A guide
     to assertive behavior. San Luis Obispo, CA: Impact.
     Alberti. R. E .. & Emmons, M. L.(1975). Stand up. speak out. talk
     back. New York: Pocket Books.
     Alberti, R. E., & Emmons, M. L.(1986). Your perfect right: A guide
     for assertive living (5th ed.). San Luis Obispo, CA: Impact.
     Austin. J. L.(1962). How to do things with words. New York: Oxford University Press.
     Bach, K., & Harnish, R. M.(1979). Linguistic communication and
     speech acts. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
     Baer, J. (1976). How to be an assertive (not aggressive) woman in
     life. in love, and on the job. New York: Signet.
     Bates, E., Kintsch, W., Fletcher. C. R., & Giuliani. V. (1980).
     The role of pronominalization and ellipsis in texts: Some
     memory experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human
     Learning and Memory. 6,671-691.
     Berger. J., Rosenholtz, S.J., & Zelditch, M., Jr.(1980). Status
     organizing processes. In A. Inkeles, N.J. Smelser. & R. H.
     Turner (Eds.), Annual review of sociology (Vol.6, pp.479-508).
     Palo ALto, CA: Annual Reviews.
     Bloom, L.Z., Coburn, K., & Pearlman, J.(1975). The new assertive
     woman. New York: Dell.
     Bloom, L., & Lahey, M. (1978). Language development and language
     disorders. New York: Wiley.
     Boisvert, J. M., Beaudry, M., & Bittar, J. (1985). Assertiveness
     training and human communication processes. Journal of Contemporary
     Psychotherapy, 15, 58-73.
     Bower, S.A., & Bower, G. H.(1976). Asserting yourself: A practical
     guide for positive change. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
     Brewer, W., & Hay, A. (1984). Reconstructive recall of linguistic
     style. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23,
     237-249.
     Broverman, I. K., Vogel, S. R., Broverman, D. M., Clarkson, F. E.,
     & Rosenkrant P. S.(1972). Sex-role stereotypes: A current appraisal.
     Journal of Social Issues, 28,59-78.
     Brown, P.(1976). Women and politeness: a new perspespective on
     language and society. Reviews in Anthropology, 3,240-249.
     Brown, P.(1977). How and why are women more polite: Some evidence
     from a Mayan community. Mimeo, Cambridge University.
     Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1978). Universals in language use:
     Politeness phenomena. In E. Goody (Ed.), Question and
     politeness (PP. 56-310). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
     Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in
     language usage. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
     Cansler, D., & Stiles, W. (1981). Ralative status and interpersonal
     presumptousness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17,459-471.
     Carli, L. L. (990). Gender, language, and influence. Journal of
     Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 941-951.
     Carrol, D. W. (1986), Psychology of language. Belmont, CA:
     Wadsworth, Inc.
     Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. The Hague: Mouton.
     Christoff K, A., & Kelly, J. A. (1985). A behavioral approach to
     "social skills training. In L. L. L`Abate, & M. A. Milan
      (Eds.), Handbook of social skills trainging and research. New York: Wiley .
     Clark, H. H. (1979). Responding to indirect speech acts. Cognitive
     Psychology, 11, 430-477.
     Clark, H. H. (1985), Language use and language users. In G.
     Lindzey, & E. Aroason (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology
     (3rd ed., Vol.2. PP.179-232). Reading, MA: Addison-Westey.
     Clark, H. H., & Schunk, D. (1980). Polite responses to polite requess.
     Cognition, 8, 111-143.
     Cook, D. J., & St. Lawrence. J. S. (1990). Variations in presentational
     format: Effect on interpersonal elvations of assertive
     and unassertive behavior. Behavior Modification, 14,21-36.
     Crawford, M. (1988). Gender, age, and the social evaluation of
     assertion. Behavior Modification, 12, 549-564.
     Davis, D. (1982). Determinants of responsiveness in dyadic interaction.
     In W. Ickes, & E. Knowles (Eds.), Personality, roles,
     and social behavior (PP.89-139). New York: Spring-Verlag.
     Davis, D., & Holtgraves T. (1984). Perceptions of unresponsive
     others: Attributions, attraction, understandability, and
     memory of ther utterances. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20, 383-408.
     Eagly, A. H. (1978). Sex differences in influenciability. Psychological
     Bulletin, 85, 86-116.
     Eagly, A. H. (1983). Gender and social influence: A social psychological
     analysis. American Pychologist, 38, 971-981.
     Eagly, A. H. & Wood, W. (1982). Inferred sex differences in status
     as a determinant of gender stereotypes about social influence.
     Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 915-928.
     Elrod, M. M. (1986). Children`s understanding of indirect requests.
     Journal of Genetic Psychology, 148, 63-70.
     Epstein, N. (1980). The social consequences of assertion, agression,
     passive agression and submission: Situational and dis positional
     determinants. Behavior Therapy, 11, 662-669.
     Ervin-Tripp, S. (1976). Is Sybil there? The sturcture of some Amercian
     English directives. Language in Society, 5, 25-66.
     Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1984). Social cognition. Reading,
     MA: Addison-Wesley.
     Frost, J. H. (1977). The influence of female and male communication
     styles on conflict strategies: problem areas. Paper
     presented at the Interational Communication Association Convention,
     Berlin, West Germany.
     Galassi, J. P., Galassi, M. D., & Fulkerson, K. (1984). Assertion
     training in theory and practice: An update. In C. M. Franks
     (Ed.), New developments in behavior therapy: From research
     to clinical application. New York: Haworth Press.
     Galassi, M. D., & Galassi, J. P. (1977). Assert yourself: How to
     be your own person. New York: Human Sciences.
     Galassi, J. P., Galassi, M. D., & Vedder, M. J. (1981). Perspectives
     on assertion as a social skills model. In J. Wine, & M.
     Smye (Eds.), Social competence. New York: Guiford Press.
     Gervasio, A. H. (1987). Assertiveness techniques as speech acts.
     Clinical Psychology Review, 7,105-119.
     Gervasio, A. H. (1988). Linguistic analysis of an assertiveness
     training film. Psychotherapy, 25, 294-304.
     Gervasio, A. H., & Crawford, M. (1989). Social evaluation of as-
     sertiveness. A critique and speech act reformulation. Psychology
     of Women Quarterly, 13, 1-25.
     Gervasio, A. H., Pepinsky, H. B., & Schwebel, A. I. (1983).
     Stylistic complexity and verb usage in assertive and passive
     speech. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 546-556.
     Gibb, R. (1981). Memory for requests in conversation. Journal of
     Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 630-640.
     Goffman, E. (1967), Interaction ritual: Essays on face to face
     interaction. Gaden City, NY: Anchor Books.
     Goffman, E. (1972), Interaction ritual. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press.
     Goguen, J. A., & Linde, C. (1983). Linguistic methodology for the
     analysis of aviation acidents (contract No. NA 52-11052).
     Palo Alto, CA: Structural Smantics.
     Graesser, A., & Mandler, G. (1975). Recognition memory for the
     meaning of surface structare of sentences. Journal of Experimental
     Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 104, 238-248.
     Grice, H. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole, & J. Morgan
     (Eds.), Syntax and semantics: Speech acts (PP.41-58). New York: Academic Press.
     Hare-Mustin, R. T. (1983). An appraisal of the relationship between
     women and psychotherapy: 80 years after the case of
     Dora. American Psychologist, 38, 593-601.
     Hare-Mustin, R. T., & Maracek, J. (1988). The meaning of difference:
     Gender theory, postmodernism, and psychology. American
     Psychologist, 43, 455-464.
     Hass, A. (1979). Male and female spoken language differences:
     stereotypes and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 616-626.
     Hastie, R., Park, B., & Weber, R. (1984). Social memory. In
     R. Wyer, & T. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition
     (Vo1.2, PP.151-212). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
     Heimberg, R. G., Montgomery, D., Madsen, C. H., & Hermberg, J. S.
     (1977). Assertion training: A review of the literature.
     Behavior Therapy, 8, 953-971.
     Holtgraves, T. (1986). Language structure in social interaction:
     Perception of direct and indirect speech acts and interactants
     who use them. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 305-314.
     Holtgraves, T., Srull, T., Socall. D. (1989). Conversation memory:
     The effects of speaker status on memory for the assertiveness
     of conversation remarks. Journal of Personality and Social
     Psychology, 56, 149-1160.
     Holtgraves, T., & Yang, J. (1990). Politeness as universal: Crosscultural
     perceptions of request strategies and infleuences
     based on their use. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 719-729.
     Hornstein, G. (1985). Intimacy in conversational style as a function
     of the degree of clossness between members of the dyad.
     Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 671-681.
     Horp, H., & Rokos, R. F. (1985). The influence of race in the
     social evaluation of assertion in conflict situations. Behavior
     THerapy, 16, 478-493.
     Hudson, R. A.(1990). Sociolinguistics. New York: Cambridge university Press.
     Jakubowski, P., & Lange, A. J. (1978). The assertive option. Campaign, I L: Research Press.
     Jarvella. R. J.(1971). Syntactic processing of connected speech.
     Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 10, 409-416.
     Katz, J. J.(1977). Propositional structure and illocutionary
     Force. New York: Thomas Y. Carowell.
     Kemper, S. & Thissen, D. (1981). Memory for the dimention of requests. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20, 552-563.
     Kern, J. M. (1982). Perdicting the impact of assertiveness of
     Assertee. Behavior Therapy, 13, 486-498.
     Kern, J. M., Cavell, T. A., & Beck, B. (1985). Prediction differential reactions to males’ versus females’, assertions, empathic assertions, and nonassertions. Behavior Therapy, 16, 63-75.
     Kintsch. W.,& Bates, E. (1977). Recognition memory for statements from a classroom lecture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, 150-159.
     Kramer, C. (1974). Women’s speech: Separate but unequal? Quarterly
     Journal of Speech, 60, 14-24.
     Kramer, C. (1978). Female and male percetions of female and male . Language and Speech, 20,151-161.
     Kraut, R. E., &Higgins, E. T. (1984). Communication and social cognition, In R. S. Wyer, & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition(Vol.3 PP.87-127). Therapeutic discourse: Psychotherapy as conversation. New York: Academic Press.
     Lakoff, R. (1975). Language and woman’s place. New York: Colophon/Harper &Row.
     Lakoff, R. (1977). What you can do with words: Politeness,
     pragmatics, and performatives. In A. Rogers, B. Wall, & J. P.
     Murphy (Eds.), Proceedings of the Texas Conference on Performatives,
     Presuppositions, and Implications. Arlington, VA: Center of Applied Linguistics.
     Lakoff, R. (1979). Stylistic strategies within a grammar of style.
     In J. Orasanu, M. K. Slater, & L. L. Aldler(Eds.), Language,
     sex, and gender: Does" la difference" make a difference? New
     York: New York Academy of Sciences.
     Lange, A. J., & Jakubowski, P. (1976). Responsible assertive
     behavior. Campaign, IL: Research Press.
     Lange, A. J., & Jakubowski, P. (1978). Responsible assertion: A
     model for personal growth. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
     Lao, R. C., Upchurch, W. H., Corwin B. J., & Grossnickle, W. F.
     (1975). Biased attitudes toward females as indicated by
     ratings of intelligence and likeability. Psychological Reports, 37, 1315-1320.
     Levinson, S. (1979). Activity types and language. Linguistics, 17, 365-399.
     Levin, R. B., & Gross, A. M.(1987). Assertiveness style: Effects
     on perceptions of assertive behavior. Behavior Modification, 11, 229-240.
     Lohr, J. M., & Nix, J. (1982). Relationship of assertiveness and
     the short form of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: A replication.
     Psychological Reports, 50, 114.
     MacDonald, M. L. (1982). Assertion training for women. In J. P.
     Curran, & P. M. Monti (Eds.), Social skill training: A
     gractical guide for assessment and treatment. New York: Guilford Press.
     Mullinix, S. B., & Galassi, J. P. (1981). Deriving the content of
     social skills training with a verbal response components approach.
     Behavioral Assessment, 3, 55-66.
     Phelps, S., & Austin, N. (1975). The assertive woman. San Luis Obisp: Impact.
     Pitcher, S. W., & Meikle, S. (1980). The topography of assertive
     behavior in positive and negative situations. Behavior Therapy, 11, 532-547.
     Rakos, R. F. (1979). Content consideration in the distinction between
     assertive and aggressive behavior. Psychological Reports, 44, 767-773.
     Rakos, R. F. (1986). Asserting and confronting. In O. Hargie
     (Ed.), A handbook of communication skills(PP.407-440). London: Croom Helm.
     Rakos, R. F. (1991). Assertive behavior: Theory, research, and
     training. London: Routledge.
     Romano, J. M., & Bellack, A. S.(1980). Social validation of a
     component model of assertive behavior. Journal of Consulting
     and Clinical Psychology, 4, 478-490.
     Rudy, T. E., Merluzzi, T. V., & Henahan, P. T.(1982). Construal
     of complex assertion situations: A multidimentional analysis.
     Journal of Counselting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 125-137.
     Sachs, J. S. (1974). Memory in reading and listening to discourse.
     Memory and Cognition, 2, 95-100.
     Schroeder, H. E., & Rakos, R. F.(1978). Effects of history on the
     measurement of assertion. Behavior THerapy, 9, 965-966.
     Schroeder, H. E., & Rakos, R. F. (1983). The identification and
     assessment of social skills. In R. Ellis, & D. Whitington
     (Eds.), Nelt` directions -in social skill training. London: Croom Helm.
     Schroeder, H. E., & Rakos, R. F. (1983). The social perception of
     assertive behavior as a function of response class and gender.
     Behavior Therapy, 14, 534 -544.
     Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
     Searle, J. R. (1975). Indirect speech acts. In P. Cole, & J.
     Morgan(Eds.), Syntax and semantics 3: speech acts (PP.59-82).
     New York: Academic Press.
     Sigal, J., Braden-Maguire, J., Hayden, M., & Mosley, N. (1985).
     The effect of presentation style and sex of layer on Jury
     decision-making behavior. Psychology: A Quateryly Journal of
     Human Behavior, 22, 13-19.
     Slugoski, B., & Turnbull, ~V. (1988). Cruel to be kind and kind to
     be cruel: Sarcasm, banter and social relations. Journal of
     Language and Social Psychology, 7, 101-121.
     Smith, M. J. (1975). When I Say No, I Feel Guilty. Buntam Book.
     Smith, P. M. (1979). Sex markers in speech. In K. R. Scherer, &
     H. Giles (Eds.), Social makers in speech (PP.109-146). London:
     Cambridge University Press.
     Solomon, L. J., Brehony, K. A., Rothblum, E. D., & Kelley, J. K.
     (1982). Corporate manager`s reaction to assertive social
     skill exhibited by males and females. Journal of Organizational
     Behavior Management, 4, 49-63.
     Solso, R. L. (1988). Cognitive psychology (2nd ed.) MA: Allyn &Bacon.
     St. Lawenc, J. S. (1987). Assessment of assertion. In M. Hersen,
     R. R. Eisler, & P. M. Miller (Eds.), Progress in behavior
     Modification (Vol.21). Newbury. Park, CA: Sage Publications.
     Sue, D., Ino. S., & Sue, D. M. (1983). Nonassertiveness of Asian
     Americans: An inaccurate assumption? Journal of Counseling
     Psychology, 30, 581-588.
     Swacker, M. (1976).The sex of the speaker as a sociolinguistic
     Variable. In B. Thorne, & N. Henley (Eds.), Language and sex:
     Difference and dominance. Rowley. MA: Newbury House.
     Wildman, B. G., & Clemnet B.(1986). Assertive, empathic assertive,
     And conversational behavior: Perception of likability,
     Effectiveness, and sex role. Behavior Modification, 10, 315-332.
     Wine, J. D. (1981). From defect to competence models. In J. D.
     Wine, & M. D. Smye(Eds.), Social competence. New York: Guilford Press.
     Wish, M., Dentsch, M., & Kaplan, S. J. (1976). Perceived dimentions of interpersonal relations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 409-420.
     Wolpe, J. (1982). The practice of behavior therapy(3rd ed.). New
     York: Pergamon Press.
     Zollo, L. J., Heimberg, R. G., & Becker, R. E.(1985). Evaluations
     And consequences of assertive behavior. Journal of Behavior
     Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 16, 295-301.		zh_TW