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題名 組織權力理論之研究
作者 周志鴻
ZHOU, ZHI-HONG
貢獻者 段重祺
周志鴻
ZHOU, ZHI-HONG
日期 1992
1991
上傳時間 2-五月-2016 15:24:14 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文的研究目的主要有三：1 .綜合學者探討組織權力所獲致的論點，建構整體性、系統化的理論觀點，分析了解組織中的權力現象。2 .補強一般組織理論較忽
參考文獻 一、中文部份
     (一)書籍
     1.方長梧主編。唐山社會科學簡明辭典：政治學，初版(台北：唐山出版社，民77 年)。
     2.吳定。組織發展理論與技術，再版(台北：天一圖書公司，民78 年3月)。
     3.吳定、陳錦德、黃靖武合譯，Robert Albanse & David D. Van Fleet 原著。組織行為 (台北天一圖書公司， 民76年)。
     4.吳迎春譯，Ivin Toffler 原著。大未來( Powershift )，初版 (台北：時報文化出版公司，民80年)。
     5.李美技。社會心理學，5版 (台北大洋出版社， 民71年)。
     6.宋光字譯， Abner Cohen 著。權力結構與符號象徵，初版(台北：金楓出版社，民76年)。
     7.呂理笠、傳依萍譯， Michael Korda 著。權力的取得與運用(Power! How To Get It, How To Use It)，二版 (台北：遠流出版公司民74 年) .
     8.易君博譯， Robert 自. Dahl著。現代政治分析 (Modern Political Analysis)， 4 版(台北：幼獅圖書公司，民75 年) 。
     9.林水波、張世賢合著。公共政策，修訂4 版 (台北：五南圖書出版公司，民78 年5月) 。
     10.周鴻玲譯。組織社會學，初版 (台北佳冠圖書公司，民77 年)。
     11.邱瑞忠。規範性行政倫理的研究， 初版(台中集祥書坊，民80 年)。
     12.姜占魁。行政學，八版 (台北：五南圖書出版公司，民74 年) 。
     13.張金鑑。行政學典範，重訂三版 (台北：中國行政學會，民75 年)。
     14.張潤書。行政學(台北：三民書局， 民76 年)。
     15.張潤書編譯， John M. Ivancevich、Andrew D. Szilagyi, Jr.&Marc J. Wallance, Jr.原著。組織行為與管理 (Organizational Behavior and Performance). 3 版 (台北五南圖書出版公司， 民77年)。
     16.靳建國譯， Bertrand Russell 原著。權力論(POWER)，初版(台北：遠流出版公司，民78 年)。
     17.蔡承志等譯， Stephen P. Robbins 原著。組織行為台北：桂冠圖書公司，民77 年)。
     18.潘文章。組織發展：理論、方法、實務，初版(台北：三民書局，民73年2月)。
     19.劉丹曦等譯. Hedrick Smith 著。權力遊戲(The Power Game)，初版(台北：時報文化出版企業有限公司，民80 年11月)。
     20.繆全吉、彭錦鵬、顧慕晴、蔡良文編著。人事行政，初版 (台北：國立空中大學，民78年2月)。
     21.簫武桐。公務倫理的理論與應用，初版 (台北：時英出版社，民80年4月)。
     (二)期刊論文
     1.王廣仁。「短陣式組織設計與管理之研究」，政大公共行政研究所碩士論文(民78 年)。
     2.朱楠賢。「組織的新形象：未來組織型態變遷趨勢之研究」，中國行政，第37 期(民73年7月) ，頁46~61。
     3.吳定。「我國國家級實驗室組織體系之研究報告」，行政院國科會專題研究計畫(民79 年12月31日)。
     4.呂育誠。「行政機關效能評量之理論建構」，政大公共行政研究所碩士論文(民79 年)。
     5.林水波。「當代政府應具備的能力及其提升之道：兼論公權力行使的有效條件」，中國論壇，第189 期(民72 年8月20日)。
     6.段重?。「官僚政治下之公共政策：我國公保制度之個案分析」，公共政策學報，第10 期(民77年3月)，頁1-33 。
     7.孫本初。「政策分析中垃圾桶式的決策模式」，美國月刊，第4 卷第10期(民79年2月)，頁90-95。
     8.徐燕山。「領導者的權力基礎與領導行為員工工作滿足」，政大企業管理研究所碩士論文(民71年)。
     9.張金堆。「組織內員工平行影響之研究」，政大企業管理研究所碩士論文(民75 年)。
     10.郭俊次。「行政機關組織設計之研究」，政大政治研究所博士論文(民66 年)。
     11.彭文賢。「矩陣式組織結構的彈性設計」行政管理論文選輯：第一輯，初版(台北：銓敘部，民75年10月)。
     12.彭康鎮。「機關組織中衝突管理之研究」，政大公共行政研究所碩士論文(民70 年)。
     13.崇明宏。「組織內權力分配與主管環境偵側活動之研究」政大企業管理研究所博士論文(民74 年)。
     14.劉高得。「企業組織型態發展之研究」，政大公共行政研究所碩士論文(民68年)。
     15.盧偉斯。「組織學習理論之研究：行動理論觀點與行政組織應用的探討」政大公共行設研究所碩士論文(民76 年)。
     16.謝相慶。「組織設計的權變理論之分析」政大公共行政研究所碩士論文(民67年)。
     17.羅虞村a ，「權力的意養、類型與用法(上篇) 」，人事月刊，第10 卷第6 期(民79年6月) ，頁8 - 15。
     18.------b , 「權力的意義、類型與用法(下篇) 」，人事月刊，第10 卷第6 期(民79年7月) ，頁20-29。
     二、外文部分
     ( I ) Books
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     8.Burke, W. Warner. Organization Development: Principles and Practices(Boston: Little,Brown and Company, 1982).
     9.Burns, J. M.Leadership (New York: Harper & Row, 1978).
     10.Burrell, Gibson & Gareth Norgan. Sociological Paradigms and Organisational Analysis( London: Heineman Educational Books Ltd., 1982) .
     11.Cavanaugh,Mary S."A Typology of Social Power." in Andrew Kakabadse & Christopher Parker, (eds.),Power, Politics, and Organizations: A Behavioural Science View(New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1984).
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     20.Gross, G. M. Organizations and Their Managing (New York: The Free Press, 1968) .
     21.Harrison, Ronald G. & Douglas C. Pitt. "Organizational Development: A Missing PoliticalDimension ? " In Andrew Kakabadse & Christopher Parker,{eds.) ,Power,Politics, and Organizations: A Behavioural Science View (New York: John Wiley & Sons ,1984).
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     23. Hersey, P. H. & K. H. Blanchard. Management of Organizational Behavior(Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1988).
     24.Hobbes. T. "Of Power." in J. R. Champlin. (ed.) ,Power (New York: Atherton Press. 1971 )
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     28.Kahn R. and E. Boulding. Power and conflict 1n Organizations (New York: Basic Books, 1964).
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     30.Kolodny, H. P."Evolution of Project and Matrix Organizations." in D. I. Cleland and W. R. King, (eds.), Project Management Handbook (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983) .
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
公共行政學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004401
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 段重祺zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) 周志鴻zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (作者) ZHOU, ZHI-HONGen_US
dc.creator (作者) 周志鴻zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) ZHOU, ZHI-HONGen_US
dc.date (日期) 1992en_US
dc.date (日期) 1991en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-五月-2016 15:24:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-五月-2016 15:24:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-五月-2016 15:24:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (其他 識別碼) B2002004401en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/89391-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 公共行政學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文的研究目的主要有三：1 .綜合學者探討組織權力所獲致的論點，建構整體性、系統化的理論觀點，分析了解組織中的權力現象。2 .補強一般組織理論較忽zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論--------------------1
     第一節 研究動機與目的--------------------1
     第二節 研究方法與限制--------------------4
     第二章 權力概念之分析--------------------7
     第一節 權力概念之分類-------------------- 7
     第二節 權力之界定--------------------16
     第三節 權力之特質-------------------- 22
     第四節 組織權力的多元論--------------------30
     第三章 組織權力之運用--------------------37
     第一節 運用條件-------------------- 37
     第二節 運用基礎和來諒--------------------46
     第三節 運用策略--------------------58
     第四節 反制策略--------------------71
     第四章 組織權力理論的論題--------------------84
     第一節 組織權力在組織發展上之運用-------------------- 84
     第二節 組織權力與組織設計-------------------- 92
     第三節 組織權力與組織績效--------------------101
     第四節 組織權力與倫理道德--------------------108
     第五節 組織權力在行政機關之運用--------------------117
     第五章 結論--------------------135
     第一節 研究發現-------------------- 135
     第二節 理為限制與研究困難--------------------139
     第三節 建議--------------------146
     參考書目--------------------151		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004401en_US
dc.title (題名) 組織權力理論之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部份
     (一)書籍
     1.方長梧主編。唐山社會科學簡明辭典：政治學，初版(台北：唐山出版社，民77 年)。
     2.吳定。組織發展理論與技術，再版(台北：天一圖書公司，民78 年3月)。
     3.吳定、陳錦德、黃靖武合譯，Robert Albanse & David D. Van Fleet 原著。組織行為 (台北天一圖書公司， 民76年)。
     4.吳迎春譯，Ivin Toffler 原著。大未來( Powershift )，初版 (台北：時報文化出版公司，民80年)。
     5.李美技。社會心理學，5版 (台北大洋出版社， 民71年)。
     6.宋光字譯， Abner Cohen 著。權力結構與符號象徵，初版(台北：金楓出版社，民76年)。
     7.呂理笠、傳依萍譯， Michael Korda 著。權力的取得與運用(Power! How To Get It, How To Use It)，二版 (台北：遠流出版公司民74 年) .
     8.易君博譯， Robert 自. Dahl著。現代政治分析 (Modern Political Analysis)， 4 版(台北：幼獅圖書公司，民75 年) 。
     9.林水波、張世賢合著。公共政策，修訂4 版 (台北：五南圖書出版公司，民78 年5月) 。
     10.周鴻玲譯。組織社會學，初版 (台北佳冠圖書公司，民77 年)。
     11.邱瑞忠。規範性行政倫理的研究， 初版(台中集祥書坊，民80 年)。
     12.姜占魁。行政學，八版 (台北：五南圖書出版公司，民74 年) 。
     13.張金鑑。行政學典範，重訂三版 (台北：中國行政學會，民75 年)。
     14.張潤書。行政學(台北：三民書局， 民76 年)。
     15.張潤書編譯， John M. Ivancevich、Andrew D. Szilagyi, Jr.&Marc J. Wallance, Jr.原著。組織行為與管理 (Organizational Behavior and Performance). 3 版 (台北五南圖書出版公司， 民77年)。
     16.靳建國譯， Bertrand Russell 原著。權力論(POWER)，初版(台北：遠流出版公司，民78 年)。
     17.蔡承志等譯， Stephen P. Robbins 原著。組織行為台北：桂冠圖書公司，民77 年)。
     18.潘文章。組織發展：理論、方法、實務，初版(台北：三民書局，民73年2月)。
     19.劉丹曦等譯. Hedrick Smith 著。權力遊戲(The Power Game)，初版(台北：時報文化出版企業有限公司，民80 年11月)。
     20.繆全吉、彭錦鵬、顧慕晴、蔡良文編著。人事行政，初版 (台北：國立空中大學，民78年2月)。
     21.簫武桐。公務倫理的理論與應用，初版 (台北：時英出版社，民80年4月)。
     (二)期刊論文
     1.王廣仁。「短陣式組織設計與管理之研究」，政大公共行政研究所碩士論文(民78 年)。
     2.朱楠賢。「組織的新形象：未來組織型態變遷趨勢之研究」，中國行政，第37 期(民73年7月) ，頁46~61。
     3.吳定。「我國國家級實驗室組織體系之研究報告」，行政院國科會專題研究計畫(民79 年12月31日)。
     4.呂育誠。「行政機關效能評量之理論建構」，政大公共行政研究所碩士論文(民79 年)。
     5.林水波。「當代政府應具備的能力及其提升之道：兼論公權力行使的有效條件」，中國論壇，第189 期(民72 年8月20日)。
     6.段重?。「官僚政治下之公共政策：我國公保制度之個案分析」，公共政策學報，第10 期(民77年3月)，頁1-33 。
     7.孫本初。「政策分析中垃圾桶式的決策模式」，美國月刊，第4 卷第10期(民79年2月)，頁90-95。
     8.徐燕山。「領導者的權力基礎與領導行為員工工作滿足」，政大企業管理研究所碩士論文(民71年)。
     9.張金堆。「組織內員工平行影響之研究」，政大企業管理研究所碩士論文(民75 年)。
     10.郭俊次。「行政機關組織設計之研究」，政大政治研究所博士論文(民66 年)。
     11.彭文賢。「矩陣式組織結構的彈性設計」行政管理論文選輯：第一輯，初版(台北：銓敘部，民75年10月)。
     12.彭康鎮。「機關組織中衝突管理之研究」，政大公共行政研究所碩士論文(民70 年)。
     13.崇明宏。「組織內權力分配與主管環境偵側活動之研究」政大企業管理研究所博士論文(民74 年)。
     14.劉高得。「企業組織型態發展之研究」，政大公共行政研究所碩士論文(民68年)。
     15.盧偉斯。「組織學習理論之研究：行動理論觀點與行政組織應用的探討」政大公共行設研究所碩士論文(民76 年)。
     16.謝相慶。「組織設計的權變理論之分析」政大公共行政研究所碩士論文(民67年)。
     17.羅虞村a ，「權力的意養、類型與用法(上篇) 」，人事月刊，第10 卷第6 期(民79年6月) ，頁8 - 15。
     18.------b , 「權力的意義、類型與用法(下篇) 」，人事月刊，第10 卷第6 期(民79年7月) ，頁20-29。
     二、外文部分
     ( I ) Books
     1.Bacharach. Samuel B. & Edward J. Lawler. Power and Politics in Organizations: The Social Psychology of Conflict. Coalitions, and Bargaining( San Pranciso, California: Jossey-Bass. 1980).
     2.Bell, D. Power. Influence and Authority(New York: Oxford University Press, 1975).
     3.Bennis. Warren. Organization Development (Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley. 1969).
     4.Berle, A . Power(New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1969).
     5.Blau, Peter M. Exchange and Power in Social Life(New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1964) .
     6.Bolman, Lee G. & Terrence E. Deal. Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership(San Franciso, California: Jossey-Bass, 1991).
     7.Brewer, J. H. J. H. Ainsworth & G. E. Wynne. Power Management(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall, 1984).
     8.Burke, W. Warner. Organization Development: Principles and Practices(Boston: Little,Brown and Company, 1982).
     9.Burns, J. M.Leadership (New York: Harper & Row, 1978).
     10.Burrell, Gibson & Gareth Norgan. Sociological Paradigms and Organisational Analysis( London: Heineman Educational Books Ltd., 1982) .
     11.Cavanaugh,Mary S."A Typology of Social Power." in Andrew Kakabadse & Christopher Parker, (eds.),Power, Politics, and Organizations: A Behavioural Science View(New York: John Wiley & Sons. 1984).
     12.Clark, K. Pathos of Power(New York: Harper and Row, 1974).
     13.Crozier, Michael. The Bureaucratic Phenomenon (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1964) .
     14.Etzioni, Amitai. The Active Society (New York: The Free Press,1968).
     lS.French, J. R.P., Jr. & B. Raven. "The Bases of Social Power." In D. Cartwright, (ed.), Studies In Social Power ( Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan, 1959).
     16.French, W. L. & C. H. Bell, Jr. Organization Development: Behavioral Science Interventions for Organization Improvement, 3rd ed. (Englewood Cliffs,N J: Prentice-Hall, 1984).
     17.Galbraith. J. R. Organization Design ( Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley, 1977).
     18.Giddens, A. Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure and Contradictions in Social Analysis (London: Macmillan, 1979) .
     19.Greiner, Larry E. & Virginia E. Schein. Power and Organization Development: Mobilizing Power to Implement Change(New York: Addison-Wesley, 1988).
     20.Gross, G. M. Organizations and Their Managing (New York: The Free Press, 1968) .
     21.Harrison, Ronald G. & Douglas C. Pitt. "Organizational Development: A Missing PoliticalDimension ? " In Andrew Kakabadse & Christopher Parker,{eds.) ,Power,Politics, and Organizations: A Behavioural Science View (New York: John Wiley & Sons ,1984).
     22.Heffron, Florence. Organization Theory and Public Organizations: The Political Connection{Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989) .
     23. Hersey, P. H. & K. H. Blanchard. Management of Organizational Behavior(Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall. 1988).
     24.Hobbes. T. "Of Power." in J. R. Champlin. (ed.) ,Power (New York: Atherton Press. 1971 )
     26. Jan is, Irving L. Victims of Groupthink (Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1972).
     27.Jouvenel, Bertrand de."Authority: The Efficient Imperative." 1n Carl J. Friedrich, (ed.),Authority(Cambridge.MA: Harvard University Press. 1958).
     28.Kahn R. and E. Boulding. Power and conflict 1n Organizations (New York: Basic Books, 1964).
     29.Kast, F. E. & J. E. Rosenzweig. Organization and Management: A Systems and Contingency Approach, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985).
     30.Kolodny, H. P."Evolution of Project and Matrix Organizations." in D. I. Cleland and W. R. King, (eds.), Project Management Handbook (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983) .
     31.Kotter, John P. Power in Management(New York: Amacom, 1979).
     32.---. "Power, Dependency and Effective Management." in Harvard Business Review: On Human Relations(New York: Harper & Row, 1979).
     33.Lasswell, Harold D. Politics: Who Gets What,When, How.(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1936).
     34.Lax, D. A. and J. K. Sebenius. The Manager as Negotiator (New York: Press Press. 1986).
     35.Lewin. K. Field Theory in Social Science( New York: Harper & Brothers. 1951).
     36.McClelland, David C. Power: The Inner Experience (New York: Irvington Publishers, 1975).
     37.Mintzberg. Henry. Power in and around Organizations(Englewood Cliffs. MJ: Prentice-Hall, 1983).
     38.---. Mintzberg on Management: Inside Our Strange World of Organizations (New York: The Free Press, 1989).
     39.Morgan, Gareth. Images of Organization (Beverly Hills, Calinfornia: SAGE Publications, 1986).
     40.---. Creative Organization Theory( Beverly Hills, Calinfornia: SAGE Publications, 1989 ) .
     41.Hagel, J. H. The Descriptive Analysis of Power (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press,1975).
     42.Pfeffer, Jeffrey. Power in Organizations (Marshfield, Mass: Pitman Publishing, 1981).
     43.Raven. B. H. "Social Influence and Power." In I. D. Steiner and M. Fishbein (eds.). Current Studies in Social Psychology(New York: Holt. Rinehart & Winston, 1965)
     44.Reason, Peter. "Is Organization Development Possible In Power Cultures?" In Andrew Kakabadse & Christopher Parker. (eds.), Power, Politics. and Organizations: A Behavioural Science View( New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984).
     45.Reich, C. A. The Greening of America: How The Youth Revolution is Trying to Make America Liveable(New York: Random House, 1970).
     46.Rosinski, H. Power and Human Destiny(New York: Frederick A. Praeger.,1965).
     47.Russell, Bertrand. Power: A New Social Analysis (London: Allen & Unwin, 1938).
     48.Ryan, Margaret. "Theories of Power." in Andrew Kakabadse & Christopher Parker ,(eds.), Power. Politics, and Organizations: A Behavioural Science View(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984).
     49.Sampson, R. V. The Psychology of Power . ( New York : Random House, 1965).
     50.Sapolsky, Harvey M. The Polaris System Development( Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972).
     51.Schopler, J. "Social Power." in L.Berkowitz, (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology,Vol.2(New York: Academic Press, 1965).
     52.Selznick, Philip. TVA and the Grass Roots (Berkely, CA: University of California Press,1949).
     53.Sergiovanni, T. J. & R. J. Starratt. Supervision: Human Perspectives(New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1988).
     54.Siu, R. G. H . The Craft of Power( New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1979).
     55.Smith, Mark & Howard L. Fro.kin. "Annotated Bibliography on Power in Organizations." in J. W. Pfeiffer & J. E. Jones, (ed.), The 1981 Annual Handbook for Group Facilltators ( San Diego, C A : University Associate, 1981) .
     56.Tannenbaum, A. S. Control in Organizations( New York: McGraw-Hill.1968).
     57.Waldo, Dwight. The Enterprise of Public Administration( Novato. CA: Chandler and Sharp Publishers, 1980).
     58.Webber, Ross A. Management : Basic Elements of Managing Organizations (Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. I r win, 1975).
     59.Weber, Max. Economy and Society. in Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich, (eds.), Vol.1(New York: Bedminister Press, 1968)
     60.---.Theory of Social and Economic Organization (New York: The Free Press, 1947).
     61.Wildavslty, Aaron. The Politics of the Budgeting Process, 3rd ed.(Boston: Little, Brown, 1979) .
     62.Winter, D . G . The Power Motive( New York: The Pree Press, 1973).
     63.Wrong, Dennis H. Power: Its Forms, Bases and Uses( New York: Harper and Row, 1979).
     64.Yukl, G . A . Leadership in Organization ( Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989).
     (Ⅱ) Periodical
     1.Bachrach, Peter & Morton S. Baratz. "Two Faces of Power." American Political Science Review, Vol. 56(Sept. 1962), pp.947-952.
     2.---&---.Decision and Hondecision: An Analytical Framework." American Political Science Review. Vol.57(Sept.1963), pp.632-642.
     3.Benzinger, K. "The Powerful Women. " Hospital ForulI(May-June 1982) .
     4.Bierstedt, R. "An Analysis of Social Power. " American Sociological Review, Vol.15(1950), pp730-738.
     5.Burt, R. S. "Power 1n A Social Topology."Social Science Research, Vol.6(1977). pp. 1-83.
     6.Champlin, J. "On The Study of Power."Politics and Society, Vol.1 (1971), pp. 91-111.
     7.Dahl. R. A. "The Concept of Power."Behavioral Science, Vol. 2(1957), pp. 201-215.
     8.Emerson, R. A. "Power-dependence Relations."American Sociological Review, Vol. 27(1962), pp. 31-41.
     9.Fiol,C. Marlene. "Seeing the Empty Spaces: Towards a More Complex Understanding of the Meaning of Power 1n Organizations. " Organization Studies, Vol.12, Ho.4(1991), pp. 547-566.
     10.Frey, F. "Comment: On Issues and Non-issues in the Study of Power. "American Political Science Review, Vol.65(1971), pp. 1081-1101.
     11.Harsanyi, J. E. "Measurement of Social Power, Opportunity Costs, and The Theory of Two-Person Bargaining Games. "Behavior Science, Vol.7(1962), pp.67-80.
     12.Hickson, D. J., C. R. Hinning, C.A. Lee, R. E. Schneck & J. M. Pennings. "A Strategic Contingency Theory of Intraorganizational Power. " Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 16(1971), pp. 216-227.
     13.Ho8lans, G. C. "Social Behavior As Exchange." American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 63(1958), pp. 597-606.
     14.House, Robert J. "The Distribution and Exercise of Power in Complex Organizations: A Meso Theory." Leadership Quarterly, Vol.2,No.1(1991), pp. 23-58.
     15.Kelly, Charles M "The Interrelationship of Ethics and Power in Today`s Organizations." Organizational Dynamics, Vol 16, No.1(Summer 1987), pp. 5-18.
     16.Kohlberg, L. "The Claim to Moral Adequacy of a Highest Stage of Moral Judgment." Journal of Philosophy. Vol. 70(1973), pp. 630-646.
     17.Lippitt, R., N. Polansky and S. Rosen. "The Dynamics of Power." Human Relations, Vol. 5(1952), pp. 37-64.
     18.Madison,Dan L. et.al. "Organizational Politics: An Exploration of Manager`s Perceptions." Human Relations, Vol. 33, No. 2(1980), pp. 79-100.
     19.Martin. R. "The Concept of Power: A Critical Defense."British Journal of Sociology, Vol.22(1971),pp.240-256.
     20.McClelland, D. C. "The Two Faces of Power." Journal of International Affairs, Vol.24 (1970) ,pp. 29-47.
     21.McClelland, D. C. & D. H. Burnham. "Power is the Great Motivator." Harvard Business Review (March & April 1976), pp.100-110.
     22.Romzek, Barbara S. & Melvin J. Dubnick." Accountability in the Public Sector: Lessons fro. the Challenger Tragedy."Public Ad.inistration Rewiew, Vol. 47,No. 3(May/June 1987). pp. 227-238.
     23.Ogletree, T. W. "Power and Human Fulfill.ent." Pastoral Psychology , Vol. 22(1971), pp.42-53.
     24.Tjosvold, Dean, I. R. Andrews & J.T.Struthers."Power and Interdependence in Work Groups: Views of Managers And Employees." Group & Organization Studies, Vol. 16, Ho. 3(September 1991), pp. 285-299.
     25.White. D. M. "Power and Intention." American Political Science Review, Vol. 65(1971), pp. 749-759.		zh_TW