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題名 告知抽查機率與否.抽查機率高低與懲罰程度高低對社會困境中行為的影響
作者 鄭宗慧
貢獻者 陳皎眉
鄭宗慧
日期 1990
1989
上傳時間 2-May-2016 17:06:49 (UTC+8)
摘要 現代社會中，個人利益與團體利益往往不可同時兼得，因此只謀個人利益、不顧團體利益的行為屢見不鮮。社會心理學中「社會困境」(Social dilemma) 的概念恰可以用來解釋這種自私行為的現象。
參考文獻 (一) 中文部份
     莊慧秋(民七十六)。「社會困境之研究--不同誘因型態對合作行為之影響」。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
     陳皎眉(民七十七) 。「從社會困境的理論、實驗與調查看如何減少自私行為」。台北市:正昇教育科學社。
     (二) 英文部份
     Becker, L. J. (1978). Joint effect of feedback and goal setting on performance: A field study of residential engergy conservation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63,428-433.
     Brechner, K. C. (1977). An experimental analysis of social traps. Journal `of Experimental Social Psychology, 13,552-564.
     Brewer, M. B., & Krammer, R. M. (1986). Choice behavior in social dilemmas: Effects of social identity, group size,and decision framing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 543-549.
     Caldwell , M. D. (1976). Communication and sex effects In a five-person`s dilemma game? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 273-280.
     Collier, G., & Marx, M. H. (1959). Changes in performance as function of shifts in the magnitude of reinforcement.Journal of Experimenta1 Psycho logy, 2,305-309.
     Dawes, R.M.(1975). Formal models of dilemmas in social decision-marking. In Kaplan, M.F. & Schwartz, S. (Ed.), Human Judgment and Decision Processes(pp.87-107).New York: Academic Press.
     Dawes, R.M. (1980). “Social dilemma.” Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 169-193.
     Dawes, R.M., Delay, J. & Chaplin, W. (1974).The decision to pollute. Environment and Planning, 2-10.
     Dawes, R.M., McTavish, J., &Shaklee, H. (1977). Behavior, communication and assumptions about other people’s behavior in a commons dilemma situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 1-11.
     Deutsch, M., & Krauss, R.M. (1960). The effects of threat on inter-personal bargaining. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 181-189.
     Edney, J.J. (1980). The common problem. American Psychologist, 35, 131-150.
     Fleishman, J.A. (1988) The effects of decision framing and other’s behavior on cooperation in a social dilemma. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 32,161-180.
     Goehring, D.J., & Kahan, J.P.(1976). The uniform n-person prisoner’s dilemma game. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 20, 111-128.
     Gray, J.J. (1979) Positive reinforcement and punishment in the treatment of childhood trichotillomania. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 10, 125-129.
     Hardin, G.(1968). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162, 1243-1248.
     Jerdee, T.H., & Rosen, B. (1974). Effects of opportunity to communicate and visibility of individual decisions on behavior in the common interest. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59,712-716.
     Jorgenson, D.O., & Papciak, A.S. (1981). The effects of communication, resource feedback, and identifiability on behavior in a simulated commons. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 373-385.
     Kelley, H. H., Condry, J. C., Jr. Dahlke, A.E., & Hill, A H.(1965). Collective behavior in a simulated panic situation . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 20-54.
     Kelley, H. H., & Grzelak, J.(1972). Conflict between individual and common interest in an n-person relationship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21, 190-197.
     Kelley. H. H .? & Stahelski. A. J. (1970). Social interaction basis of cooperators` and competitors` beliefs about others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 16.66-91.
     Komorita. S. S. (1976). A model of the n-person dilemma-tape game. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 12.357-373 .
     Liberman. D. A .? McIntosh. D. C .. & Thomas. G. V. (1979).Learning when reward is delayed: A marking hypothesis.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. 5. 224-242.
     Liebrand. W. B. G. (1983). "A classification of social dilemma games." Simulat ion and Games. 14. 123-138.
     Liebrand. W. B. G. ? Wilke. H. A. M.? Vogel. R. ? & Wolters.F. J. M. (1986). Value orientation and conformity.Journal of Conflict Resolution. 30. 77-97.
     Madsen. M. C. (1967). Cooperative and competitive motivation of children in three Mexican sub-cultures. Psychological Reports. 20. 1307-1320.
     Marascuilo. L. A .? & McSweeney. M. (1977). Nonparametric and distribution-free methods for the social Sciences?Monterey. Calif: Brooks / Cole.
     Messick. D. M.. Wi I k. H.. Brewer, M. B., Kramer, R. M.,Zemke, P. E., & Lui, L. (1983). Individual adaptations and structural change as solutions to social dilemmas.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44, 294-309.
     Mintz. A., (1951). Non-adaptive group behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46. 150-159.
     Oliver. P. (1984). Rewards and punishments as selective incentives. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 28. 123-148.
     Olsen. M. (1%5). The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge.Mass: Harvard Press.
     Osborne. S. R. (1978). A quantitative analysis of the effects of amount of reinforcement on two response classes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. 4, 297-317.
     Pierce, C. H. (1974). Recreation as a reinforcer:Increasing membership and decreasing disruptions In an urban recreation center. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7. 403-411.
     Platt, J. (1973). Social traps. American Psychologist. 28. 641-651 .
     Samuelson, C. D., Messick, D. M., Rutte, C. G., & Wilke, H. (1984). Individual and structural solutions to resource dilemmas in two cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 294-309.
     Schulz, J. W., & Prui tt, D. G. (1978). The effects of mutual concern on joint welfare. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 480-492.
     Seaver, W. B., & Patterson, A. H. (1976). Decreasing fuel-oil consumption through feedback and social commendation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 9.147-152.
     Shaw, J. (1977). "Response-contingent payoffs and cooperative behavior in the prisoner’s dilemma game."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 34. 1024-1033.
     Singh, N. N. (1979). Aversive control of breath-holding.Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry.10, 147-149.
     Stephens, C. e., Pear, J. J .? Wray. L. D ?? & Jackson. G. C. (1975). Some effects of reinforcement schedules in teaching picture names to retarded children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis ,8,435-447.
     Stern. p. C. (1976). Effect of incentives and education on resource conservation decisions in a simulated commons dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.34. 1285-1292.
     Tryon, G. S .? & Palladino. J. J. (1979). Thought stopping:A case study and observations. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 10. 151-154.
     Youngs. Jr. G. A. (1986). Patterns of threat and punishment reciprocity in a conflict setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 51. 541-546.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005183
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳皎眉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 鄭宗慧zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 鄭宗慧zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1990en_US
dc.date (日期) 1989en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-May-2016 17:06:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-May-2016 17:06:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-May-2016 17:06:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005183en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/89746-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 現代社會中，個人利益與團體利益往往不可同時兼得，因此只謀個人利益、不顧團體利益的行為屢見不鮮。社會心理學中「社會困境」(Social dilemma) 的概念恰可以用來解釋這種自私行為的現象。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 圖表目錄
     第一章 緒論---------------------------1
     第一節 研究動機與目的---------------------------1
     第二節 文獻探討---------------------------6
     第三節 研究問題與假設---------------------------44
     第二章 研究方法---------------------------47
     第一節 研究對象---------------------------47
     第一節 實驗設計---------------------------48
     第一節 研究工具---------------------------49
     第四節 實驗進行步驟---------------------------55
     第五節 研究架構---------------------------57
     第三章 研究結果---------------------------59
     第一節 實驗操弄檢驗---------------------------59
     第二節 主要研究結果分析---------------------------60
     第三節 附帶研究結果分析---------------------------70
     第四節 結果摘要---------------------------83
     第四章 討論與建議---------------------------86
     參考書目---------------------------97
     附錄---------------------------104		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005183en_US
dc.title (題名) 告知抽查機率與否.抽查機率高低與懲罰程度高低對社會困境中行為的影響zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) (一) 中文部份
     莊慧秋(民七十六)。「社會困境之研究--不同誘因型態對合作行為之影響」。國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。
     陳皎眉(民七十七) 。「從社會困境的理論、實驗與調查看如何減少自私行為」。台北市:正昇教育科學社。
     (二) 英文部份
     Becker, L. J. (1978). Joint effect of feedback and goal setting on performance: A field study of residential engergy conservation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63,428-433.
     Brechner, K. C. (1977). An experimental analysis of social traps. Journal `of Experimental Social Psychology, 13,552-564.
     Brewer, M. B., & Krammer, R. M. (1986). Choice behavior in social dilemmas: Effects of social identity, group size,and decision framing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 543-549.
     Caldwell , M. D. (1976). Communication and sex effects In a five-person`s dilemma game? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 273-280.
     Collier, G., & Marx, M. H. (1959). Changes in performance as function of shifts in the magnitude of reinforcement.Journal of Experimenta1 Psycho logy, 2,305-309.
     Dawes, R.M.(1975). Formal models of dilemmas in social decision-marking. In Kaplan, M.F. & Schwartz, S. (Ed.), Human Judgment and Decision Processes(pp.87-107).New York: Academic Press.
     Dawes, R.M. (1980). “Social dilemma.” Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 169-193.
     Dawes, R.M., Delay, J. & Chaplin, W. (1974).The decision to pollute. Environment and Planning, 2-10.
     Dawes, R.M., McTavish, J., &Shaklee, H. (1977). Behavior, communication and assumptions about other people’s behavior in a commons dilemma situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 1-11.
     Deutsch, M., & Krauss, R.M. (1960). The effects of threat on inter-personal bargaining. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 181-189.
     Edney, J.J. (1980). The common problem. American Psychologist, 35, 131-150.
     Fleishman, J.A. (1988) The effects of decision framing and other’s behavior on cooperation in a social dilemma. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 32,161-180.
     Goehring, D.J., & Kahan, J.P.(1976). The uniform n-person prisoner’s dilemma game. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 20, 111-128.
     Gray, J.J. (1979) Positive reinforcement and punishment in the treatment of childhood trichotillomania. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 10, 125-129.
     Hardin, G.(1968). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162, 1243-1248.
     Jerdee, T.H., & Rosen, B. (1974). Effects of opportunity to communicate and visibility of individual decisions on behavior in the common interest. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59,712-716.
     Jorgenson, D.O., & Papciak, A.S. (1981). The effects of communication, resource feedback, and identifiability on behavior in a simulated commons. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 17, 373-385.
     Kelley, H. H., Condry, J. C., Jr. Dahlke, A.E., & Hill, A H.(1965). Collective behavior in a simulated panic situation . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1, 20-54.
     Kelley, H. H., & Grzelak, J.(1972). Conflict between individual and common interest in an n-person relationship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 21, 190-197.
     Kelley. H. H .? & Stahelski. A. J. (1970). Social interaction basis of cooperators` and competitors` beliefs about others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 16.66-91.
     Komorita. S. S. (1976). A model of the n-person dilemma-tape game. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 12.357-373 .
     Liberman. D. A .? McIntosh. D. C .. & Thomas. G. V. (1979).Learning when reward is delayed: A marking hypothesis.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. 5. 224-242.
     Liebrand. W. B. G. (1983). "A classification of social dilemma games." Simulat ion and Games. 14. 123-138.
     Liebrand. W. B. G. ? Wilke. H. A. M.? Vogel. R. ? & Wolters.F. J. M. (1986). Value orientation and conformity.Journal of Conflict Resolution. 30. 77-97.
     Madsen. M. C. (1967). Cooperative and competitive motivation of children in three Mexican sub-cultures. Psychological Reports. 20. 1307-1320.
     Marascuilo. L. A .? & McSweeney. M. (1977). Nonparametric and distribution-free methods for the social Sciences?Monterey. Calif: Brooks / Cole.
     Messick. D. M.. Wi I k. H.. Brewer, M. B., Kramer, R. M.,Zemke, P. E., & Lui, L. (1983). Individual adaptations and structural change as solutions to social dilemmas.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44, 294-309.
     Mintz. A., (1951). Non-adaptive group behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46. 150-159.
     Oliver. P. (1984). Rewards and punishments as selective incentives. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 28. 123-148.
     Olsen. M. (1%5). The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge.Mass: Harvard Press.
     Osborne. S. R. (1978). A quantitative analysis of the effects of amount of reinforcement on two response classes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes. 4, 297-317.
     Pierce, C. H. (1974). Recreation as a reinforcer:Increasing membership and decreasing disruptions In an urban recreation center. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 7. 403-411.
     Platt, J. (1973). Social traps. American Psychologist. 28. 641-651 .
     Samuelson, C. D., Messick, D. M., Rutte, C. G., & Wilke, H. (1984). Individual and structural solutions to resource dilemmas in two cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 294-309.
     Schulz, J. W., & Prui tt, D. G. (1978). The effects of mutual concern on joint welfare. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 480-492.
     Seaver, W. B., & Patterson, A. H. (1976). Decreasing fuel-oil consumption through feedback and social commendation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 9.147-152.
     Shaw, J. (1977). "Response-contingent payoffs and cooperative behavior in the prisoner’s dilemma game."Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 34. 1024-1033.
     Singh, N. N. (1979). Aversive control of breath-holding.Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry.10, 147-149.
     Stephens, C. e., Pear, J. J .? Wray. L. D ?? & Jackson. G. C. (1975). Some effects of reinforcement schedules in teaching picture names to retarded children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis ,8,435-447.
     Stern. p. C. (1976). Effect of incentives and education on resource conservation decisions in a simulated commons dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.34. 1285-1292.
     Tryon, G. S .? & Palladino. J. J. (1979). Thought stopping:A case study and observations. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 10. 151-154.
     Youngs. Jr. G. A. (1986). Patterns of threat and punishment reciprocity in a conflict setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 51. 541-546.		zh_TW