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題名 育幼期父母親生活調適及其影響因素之研究
作者 張芳蘭
貢獻者 高淑貴
張芳蘭
日期 1991
1990
上傳時間 2-May-2016 17:10:59 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在了解育幼期父母親的生活調適情形；除比較性別、為人母者就業與否及不同的子女性別狀況下各角色層面之生活調適的差異外，並考察年齡、教育程度、家庭收入、子女數等個人背景變項、子女價值、子女照顧之分工態度與工具性、情感性子女照顧行為、及父母角色扮演程度之知覺和期待等有關父母角色的變項對育幼期父母親生活調適的影響力。........................................
參考文獻 I、中文部分
     白秀雄
     1987 「社會學(上)」，民國七十六年三版。
     王美惠
     1987 「己婚職業婦女之家務分工、性別角色態度和社會支援與婚姻滿意的研究」，私立文化大學家政研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
     王慧姚
     1981 「己婚職業婦女的角色衝突及其生活滿意度」，國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
     王鍾和、李勤川、陽琪
     1984「適應與心理衛生」，大洋出版社，民國七十三年七版。
     朱岑樓譯， Broom , Leonard & Selznick , Philip 合著
     1967「社會學」，三民書局經銷，民國五十六年初版、七十一年八版。
     朱岑樓
     1970「婚姻研究」，霧峰出版社，五十九年初版、七十四年三版。
     伊慶春
     1982「己婚職業婦女的雙重角色：期望、衝突與調適」，中央研究院三民主羲研究所叢刊(9)，405~430。
     初正平
     1975「兒童心目中父母教養態度與各種認知能力之發展」，中華心理學刊，17期， 47~62 。
     李紹榮、蔡文輝譯， Mary Ann Lamanna & Agnes Riedmann合著
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     1988「已婚婦女的現代化程度、性別角色與生活滿意度之研究」，國立師範大學社會教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     洪秋月
     1987「單親婦女的支持系統與生活適應之研究」，東海大學社會工作研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     高淑貴
     1988「雙生涯家庭親職角色之研究」，行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫，台灣大學農業推廣學系執行。
     高淑貴、伊慶春、賴爾柔、李安妮
     1986 「已婚職業婦女子女照顧研究」，行政院研考會專題研究計劃。
     高淑貴、鄭美蓮
     1981「變遷社會中母子關係調適之研究一職業婦女與家庭主婦之比較」，台灣大學農業推廣學系研究報告7002號。
     孫得雄(T. H. Sun)
     1982”Value of Children in Taiwan, ROC. ”國科會H220 民國71年(Report No.1)
     徐美惠
     1983「子女心目中之母親職分之比較研究」，輔導學報第六期。
     孫敏華
     1982「職業婦女與家庭主婦的生活滿意度及其子女人格適應、性別刻板化與成就動機之研究」，國立師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     許美瑞
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     1982「社會體系」，黎明文化事業出版。
     陳明穗
     1986「家庭型態、夫妻知覺一致性與婚姻滿足之關係研究」，國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     陳俐伶
     1988「已婚職業婦女之角色期望、現代與傳統敢向與其角色衝突的關係之探討」，國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     陳嘉鳳
     1978「夫婦角色行為與婚姻滿足度」，國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     陳滿樺
     1983「已婚職業婦女角色衝突的因應策略及有關變項研究」，國立師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     黃秀珠
     1981「台北市已婚婦女婚姻生活之研究」，私立文化大學家政研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     曾溫純
     1986「己婚職業婦女的角色壓力與婚姻適應研究」，私立東吳大學社會學研究所社會碩士論文(未出版)
     黃坤瑛
     1989「影響父職角色紛演因素之研究：『雙工作家庭』與『單工作家庭』之比較」，國立台灣大學農業推廣學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
     傳瓊慧
     1987「雙生涯及雙工作家庭妻子的生活幸褔感及婚姻滿意度之相關因素研究」國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
     蔡文輝
     1979 「社會學理論」，三民書局出版，民國六十八年初版、七十年再版。
     蔡文輝
     1987「家庭社會學」，五南圖書出版社，民國七十六年初版。
     蔡仕君
     1988「從不同家庭生命週期探討已婚職業婦女之生活滿意度」，私立中國文化大學家政研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     簡茂發
     1978「父母教養態度與小學兒童生活適種之關係」師大教育心理學報.11期，63-86。
     戴智慧
     1985「已婚職業婦女的生活壓力與休閒型態、婚姻滿意、生理健康、心理健康及工作滿意五者的關係」，國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
     藍采風
     1986「婚姻關係與適應」，張老師出版社，民國七十五年初版。
     藍采風、廖榮利合著
     1984「親職與家庭生活」，張老師出版社，民國七十一年初版、七十三年再版。
     叢肇祥
     1988
     「丈夫參與家事工作及其對夫妻雙方生活感受影響之研究一”雙工作家庭”與”單工作家庭”之比較」，私立東吳大學社會學研究所碩士論文(未出版)
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     1968「子女心目中母親職份之調查研究」，師大心理與教育學報第二期，87-109。
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     1976 「國中高低成就學生心目中父母教養態度之分析」，師大教育心理學報第九期， 21-32 。
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     1975「父母教養方式與少年道德行為」，中華心理學刊，17期，109-124。
     蘇建文、陳小娥
     1977「父母教養行為與少年生活適應」，師大教育心理學報第十期，91-106。
     世界日報
     1987 5月11日
     
     II 、英文部分
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     1990 "Changes in Parental Adjustment and Communication during the Leaving-Home Transition." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 7 : 47-68.
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     1987 "Social Roles, Gender, and Psychological Distress." pp122-143 in R. C. Barnett, L.
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     1969 "Parenthood as Crisis: an Additional Study." Reported in Arthur P. Jacoby, "Transition to Parenthood: a Reassessment." Journal of Marriage and the Family 31:720-727.
     Broman, Clifford L.
     1988 "Satisfaction among Blacks: THe Significance of Marriage and Parenthood; Journal of Marriage and the Family 50 : 45-51.
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     1976 "Relationship of Wives` Employment Status to Husband, Wife and Pair Satisfaction and Performance." Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38(2): 279-287.
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     1987 "The Personal and Marital Adjustment of Mothers and Voluntarily and Involuntarily Childless Wives." Journal of Marriage and the Family 49: 847-856.
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     1985 Social Psychology Quarterly Vol. 48 No.4, 301-311.
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     1986 "Change in Men`s Housework and Child-care Time, 1965-1975." Journal of Marriage and the Family 48 (May): 413-422.
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     1984 "Spillover From Family to Work." Reported in Greenberger, Ellan & O`Neil, Robin "Parent`s Concerns about Their Child`s Development: Implications for Fathers` and Mother`
     Well-being and Attitudes toward Work" Journal of Marriage and the Family 52 (Aug. 1990) 621-635.
     Dyer, Everett D.
     1963 "Parenthood as Crisis: A Re-Study." Marriage and Family Living 25 (May) : 196-201.
     Eshleman, J. Ross
     1981 The Family: An Introduction. 3rd Edition. Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
     Fawcett, James T.
     1973 "The Value of Children: Theory and Method." East-West Population Institute, Reprint Number 35: 91-111.
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     1977 "The Value and Cost of Children: Converging Theory and Research." East-West Population Institute, Reprint Number 108: 91-111.
     Fawcett, James T.
     1983 "Perceptions of the Value of Children: Satisfaction and Costs." East-West Population
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     1981 "A Comparison of Intentional Parents And Intentionally Childless Couples." Journal
     of Marriage and the Family 43 : 593-600.
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     1990 "The Effect of Preshool Children on Family stability." Journal of Marriage and the
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     1986 "Adjustment and Satisfaction of Parents A Comparsion of Intact, Sigle-parent, and
     Stepparent Families." Journal of Family Issues Vol. 7 No.4 (Dec),391-404.
     Floge, Liliane
     1985 "The Dynamics of Child-care Use and Some Implications for Women I s Employment" Journal of Marriage and the Family (Feb.): 143
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     1989 "Changing Household Structure, Child-Care Availability, and Employment Among Mothers of Preshool Children." Journal of Marriage and the Family 51: 51-63.
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     1983 "Perceptions of Parental Role Responsibilities among Working People: Development of Comprehensive Measure." Journal of Marriage amd the Family (Feb.) : 203-212.
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     1960 "A Theory of Role Strain." American Sociological Review 41 : 483-496.
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     1990 "Parent`s Concerns about Their Child`s Development: Implications for Fathers` and Mother` Well-being and Attitudes toward Work" Journal of Marriage and the Family 52: 621-635.
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     1965 "Parenthood As Crisis: A Third Study." Journal of Marriage and the Family 27:367-372.
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     38: 723-731.
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     1977 "Transition to Parenthood by Black Couples." Journal of Marriage and the Family 39: 677-689.
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     1979 "The Value of Children in the United States: A New Aooriach to the Study of Fertility" Journal of Marriage and the Family 41: 583-596.
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     1969 "Transition to Parenthood: A Reassessment." Journel of Marriage and the Family 31 (Nov): 720-727.
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     1982 "The Effect of Wives` Employment on the Mental Health of Married Men and Woman." Americal Sociological Review 47: 216-227.
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     1977 "Mutiple Roles and Role Strain :Some Notes on Human Energy ,Time, and Commitment." American Sociology Riview 42 : 921-936.
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     1976 "A Multivariate Developmental Model of Martial Satisfaction." Journal of Marriage and the Family 38: 643-658.
     Moen, Phyllis & Dempester-McClain, Donna I.
     1987 "Employed Parents: Role Strain, Work Time, and Preferences for Working Less." Journal of Marriage and the Family 49 (Aug.): 579-590.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004924
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 高淑貴zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張芳蘭zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 張芳蘭zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1991en_US
dc.date (日期) 1990en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-May-2016 17:10:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-May-2016 17:10:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-May-2016 17:10:59 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002004924en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/89854-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 社會學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在了解育幼期父母親的生活調適情形；除比較性別、為人母者就業與否及不同的子女性別狀況下各角色層面之生活調適的差異外，並考察年齡、教育程度、家庭收入、子女數等個人背景變項、子女價值、子女照顧之分工態度與工具性、情感性子女照顧行為、及父母角色扮演程度之知覺和期待等有關父母角色的變項對育幼期父母親生活調適的影響力。........................................zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論....................1
     第一節 研究動機....................1
     第二節 研究目的....................3
     第三節 名詞釋義....................5
     第二章 文獻探討....................8
     第一節 調適之定義與生活調適之測量....................8
     第二節 為人父母者生活調適之理論....................8
     第三節 為人父母者生活調適之影響因素的研究....................13
     第三章 研究設計....................31
     第一節 研究架構與研究假設....................31
     第二節 資料來源與樣本特性....................35
     第三節 主要變項之說明....................36
     第四節 資料分析方法與程序....................49
     第四章 研究結果與討論....................50
     第一節 育幼期父母親各角色層面生活調適之分析與比較.................... 50
     第二節 育幼期父母親個人背景變項、子女價值、子女照顧之分工態度與行為、父母角色扮演程度之知覺和期待，及其與各角色層面生活調適間的相關分析.................... 60
     第三節 影響育幼期父母親各角色層面生活調適之因素.................... 75
     第四節 結果討論.................... 91
     第五章 結論與建議....................94
     第一節 結論.................... 94
     第二節 建議.................... 104
     參考文獻
     Ⅰ、中文部分.................... 112
     Ⅱ、英文部分....................118
     附錄一研究問卷....................128		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002004924en_US
dc.title (題名) 育幼期父母親生活調適及其影響因素之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) I、中文部分
     白秀雄
     1987 「社會學(上)」，民國七十六年三版。
     王美惠
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     王慧姚
     1981 「己婚職業婦女的角色衝突及其生活滿意度」，國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
     王鍾和、李勤川、陽琪
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     1975「兒童心目中父母教養態度與各種認知能力之發展」，中華心理學刊，17期， 47~62 。
     李紹榮、蔡文輝譯， Mary Ann Lamanna & Agnes Riedmann合著
     1984「婚姻與家庭」，巨流出版社，民國七十三年初版，七十六年一版二印。
     李蔚虹
     1988「已婚婦女的現代化程度、性別角色與生活滿意度之研究」，國立師範大學社會教育研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     洪秋月
     1987「單親婦女的支持系統與生活適應之研究」，東海大學社會工作研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     高淑貴
     1988「雙生涯家庭親職角色之研究」，行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫，台灣大學農業推廣學系執行。
     高淑貴、伊慶春、賴爾柔、李安妮
     1986 「已婚職業婦女子女照顧研究」，行政院研考會專題研究計劃。
     高淑貴、鄭美蓮
     1981「變遷社會中母子關係調適之研究一職業婦女與家庭主婦之比較」，台灣大學農業推廣學系研究報告7002號。
     孫得雄(T. H. Sun)
     1982”Value of Children in Taiwan, ROC. ”國科會H220 民國71年(Report No.1)
     徐美惠
     1983「子女心目中之母親職分之比較研究」，輔導學報第六期。
     孫敏華
     1982「職業婦女與家庭主婦的生活滿意度及其子女人格適應、性別刻板化與成就動機之研究」，國立師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     許美瑞
     1978「次級文化因素與兒童教養態度之關係」，師大教育研究集刊，第二十輯， 411-485。
     張笠雲
     1989「生活壓力研究的回顧與展望」，中央研究院民族研究所集刊第68期，民國78年秋季，189-226，並於79年(1990) 6月出版。
     張承漢譯， F.L. Bates & C.C. Harvey 著
     1982「社會體系」，黎明文化事業出版。
     陳明穗
     1986「家庭型態、夫妻知覺一致性與婚姻滿足之關係研究」，國立政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     陳俐伶
     1988「已婚職業婦女之角色期望、現代與傳統敢向與其角色衝突的關係之探討」，國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     陳嘉鳳
     1978「夫婦角色行為與婚姻滿足度」，國立台灣大學心理研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     陳滿樺
     1983「已婚職業婦女角色衝突的因應策略及有關變項研究」，國立師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     黃秀珠
     1981「台北市已婚婦女婚姻生活之研究」，私立文化大學家政研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     曾溫純
     1986「己婚職業婦女的角色壓力與婚姻適應研究」，私立東吳大學社會學研究所社會碩士論文(未出版)
     黃坤瑛
     1989「影響父職角色紛演因素之研究：『雙工作家庭』與『單工作家庭』之比較」，國立台灣大學農業推廣學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
     傳瓊慧
     1987「雙生涯及雙工作家庭妻子的生活幸褔感及婚姻滿意度之相關因素研究」國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。(未出版)
     蔡文輝
     1979 「社會學理論」，三民書局出版，民國六十八年初版、七十年再版。
     蔡文輝
     1987「家庭社會學」，五南圖書出版社，民國七十六年初版。
     蔡仕君
     1988「從不同家庭生命週期探討已婚職業婦女之生活滿意度」，私立中國文化大學家政研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     簡茂發
     1978「父母教養態度與小學兒童生活適種之關係」師大教育心理學報.11期，63-86。
     戴智慧
     1985「已婚職業婦女的生活壓力與休閒型態、婚姻滿意、生理健康、心理健康及工作滿意五者的關係」，國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
     藍采風
     1986「婚姻關係與適應」，張老師出版社，民國七十五年初版。
     藍采風、廖榮利合著
     1984「親職與家庭生活」，張老師出版社，民國七十一年初版、七十三年再版。
     叢肇祥
     1988
     「丈夫參與家事工作及其對夫妻雙方生活感受影響之研究一”雙工作家庭”與”單工作家庭”之比較」，私立東吳大學社會學研究所碩士論文(未出版)
     蘇建文
     1968「子女心目中母親職份之調查研究」，師大心理與教育學報第二期，87-109。
     蘇建文
     1976 「國中高低成就學生心目中父母教養態度之分析」，師大教育心理學報第九期， 21-32 。
     蘇建文
     1975「父母教養方式與少年道德行為」，中華心理學刊，17期，109-124。
     蘇建文、陳小娥
     1977「父母教養行為與少年生活適應」，師大教育心理學報第十期，91-106。
     世界日報
     1987 5月11日
     
     II 、英文部分
     Abercrombie, N., Stephen Hill and Bryan. S. Turner
     1984 Dictionary of Sociology, Richard Clay Ltd .
     Abott. Douglas A. Abbott & Brody, Gene H.
     1985 The Relation of Child Age, Gender, and Number of Children to the Martial Adjustment of Wives. "Journal of Marriage and the Family (Feb.): 77-84.
     Anderson, Stephan A.
     1990 "Changes in Parental Adjustment and Communication during the Leaving-Home Transition." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 7 : 47-68.
     Arnold, F., R. A. Bulatao, C. Buripakdi, B. J. Chung, J. T. Fawcett, T. Iritani, S. J. Lee, and Tsong-Shien Wu
     1975 The Value of Children: A Cross-National Study Volume One "Introduction and Comparative Analysis."
     Baruch, Grace K. and Rosalind Barnett.
     1987 "Social Roles, Gender, and Psychological Distress." pp122-143 in R. C. Barnett, L.
     Biener, and G. K. Baruch (eds.), Gender and Stress, New York: Free Press.
     Beauchamp,David
     1969 "Parenthood as Crisis: an Additional Study." Reported in Arthur P. Jacoby, "Transition to Parenthood: a Reassessment." Journal of Marriage and the Family 31:720-727.
     Broman, Clifford L.
     1988 "Satisfaction among Blacks: THe Significance of Marriage and Parenthood; Journal of Marriage and the Family 50 : 45-51.
     Burke, R. J., and Weir, T.
     1976 "Relationship of Wives` Employment Status to Husband, Wife and Pair Satisfaction and Performance." Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38(2): 279-287.
     Callan, Victor J.
     1987 "The Personal and Marital Adjustment of Mothers and Voluntarily and Involuntarily Childless Wives." Journal of Marriage and the Family 49: 847-856.
     Chassin, Laurie, Antonette Zeiss and Judith Reaven
     1985 Social Psychology Quarterly Vol. 48 No.4, 301-311.
     Coverman, Shelley & Joseph F. Sheley
     1986 "Change in Men`s Housework and Child-care Time, 1965-1975." Journal of Marriage and the Family 48 (May): 413-422.
     Crouter, Ann C.
     1984 "Spillover From Family to Work." Reported in Greenberger, Ellan & O`Neil, Robin "Parent`s Concerns about Their Child`s Development: Implications for Fathers` and Mother`
     Well-being and Attitudes toward Work" Journal of Marriage and the Family 52 (Aug. 1990) 621-635.
     Dyer, Everett D.
     1963 "Parenthood as Crisis: A Re-Study." Marriage and Family Living 25 (May) : 196-201.
     Eshleman, J. Ross
     1981 The Family: An Introduction. 3rd Edition. Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
     Fawcett, James T.
     1973 "The Value of Children: Theory and Method." East-West Population Institute, Reprint Number 35: 91-111.
     Fawcett, James T.
     1977 "The Value and Cost of Children: Converging Theory and Research." East-West Population Institute, Reprint Number 108: 91-111.
     Fawcett, James T.
     1983 "Perceptions of the Value of Children: Satisfaction and Costs." East-West Population
     Institute, Reprint Number 183:429-457.
     Feldman, H.
     1981 "A Comparison of Intentional Parents And Intentionally Childless Couples." Journal
     of Marriage and the Family 43 : 593-600.
     Fergusson, David M., L. John Horwood, and Michael Lloyd
     1990 "The Effect of Preshool Children on Family stability." Journal of Marriage and the
     Family 52 : 531-538.
     Fine, Mark A" Donnely, Brenda W. and Voydanoff Patricia
     1986 "Adjustment and Satisfaction of Parents A Comparsion of Intact, Sigle-parent, and
     Stepparent Families." Journal of Family Issues Vol. 7 No.4 (Dec),391-404.
     Floge, Liliane
     1985 "The Dynamics of Child-care Use and Some Implications for Women I s Employment" Journal of Marriage and the Family (Feb.): 143
     Floge, Liliane
     1989 "Changing Household Structure, Child-Care Availability, and Employment Among Mothers of Preshool Children." Journal of Marriage and the Family 51: 51-63.
     Gilbert, Lucia A. & Gray R. Hanson
     1983 "Perceptions of Parental Role Responsibilities among Working People: Development of Comprehensive Measure." Journal of Marriage amd the Family (Feb.) : 203-212.
     Goode, William J.
     1960 "A Theory of Role Strain." American Sociological Review 41 : 483-496.
     Greenberger, Ellan & O`Neil, Robin
     1990 "Parent`s Concerns about Their Child`s Development: Implications for Fathers` and Mother` Well-being and Attitudes toward Work" Journal of Marriage and the Family 52: 621-635.
     Hobbs, Daniel F.
     1965 "Parenthood As Crisis: A Third Study." Journal of Marriage and the Family 27:367-372.
     Hobbs, Daniel F.
     1976 "Transition to Parenthood: A Replication and an Extention. "Journal of Marriage and the Family 30: 413-417.
     Hobbs, Daniel F. & Sue P. Cole
     1976 "Transition to Parenthood: A decade Replication" Journal of Marriage and the Family
     38: 723-731.
     Hobbs, Daniel F. & Wimbish, Jane M.
     1977 "Transition to Parenthood by Black Couples." Journal of Marriage and the Family 39: 677-689.
     Hoffman, Lois W. & Manis Jean d.
     1979 "The Value of Children in the United States: A New Aooriach to the Study of Fertility" Journal of Marriage and the Family 41: 583-596.
     Jacoby, Arthur P.
     1969 "Transition to Parenthood: A Reassessment." Journel of Marriage and the Family 31 (Nov): 720-727.
     Kessler, Ronald C. & James A. McRae
     1982 "The Effect of Wives` Employment on the Mental Health of Married Men and Woman." Americal Sociological Review 47: 216-227.
     Lemasters, Ersel E.
     1957 "Parent As Crisis." Marriage and Family Living 19: 352-335.
     Luckey, E. B. & Bain. J. K.
     1970 "Children: A Factor In Martial Satisfaction." Reported in Abott , Douglas A. Abbott & Brody. Gene H. "The Relation of Child Age, Gender, and Number of Children to the
     Martial Adjustment of Wives." Journal of Marriage and the Family (Feb.): 77-84.
     Marks, Stephen R.
     1977 "Mutiple Roles and Role Strain :Some Notes on Human Energy ,Time, and Commitment." American Sociology Riview 42 : 921-936.
     Miller, B. C.
     1976 "A Multivariate Developmental Model of Martial Satisfaction." Journal of Marriage and the Family 38: 643-658.
     Moen, Phyllis & Dempester-McClain, Donna I.
     1987 "Employed Parents: Role Strain, Work Time, and Preferences for Working Less." Journal of Marriage and the Family 49 (Aug.): 579-590.
     Morgan, Philip S., Diane N. Lye, and Gretchen A. Condran
     1988 "Son, Daughters, and the Risk of Martial Disruption." American Journal of Sociolory Vol. 94 No.1: 110-129.
     Nass, Gilbert D.
     1978 Marriage and the Family, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.
     Pipp, S., Shaver, P., Jennings, S., Lamburn, S. & Fischer, K. W.
     1985 "Adolescents` Theories About the Development of their Relationship with Parents . "
     Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48: 991-1001.
     Presser. Harriet B. & Wendy Baldwin
     1980 "Child Care as a Constraint on Employmen: Prevalence, Correlates, and Bearing on
     the Work and Fertility Nexus." American Journal of Sociology VOl. 85 No.5: 1202-1213 .
     Presser, Harriet B.
     1986 " Shift Work among American Women and Child Care." Journal of Marriage and the Family 48: 551-563.
     Presser, Harriet B.
     1988 "Shift Work and Child Care among Young Dual-Earner American Parents." Journal of Marriage and the Family 50 : 133-148.
     Rossi Alice s.
     1968 "Transition to Parenthood." Journel of Marriage and the Family 30 (Feb.): 26-39.
     Russell, Candyce s.
     1974 "Transition to Parenthood: Problems and Gratifications." Journal of Marriage and
     the Family (May) : 294-301
     Spanier, Graham B.
     1976 "Measuring Dyadic Adjustment: New Scales for Assessing the Quality of Marriage and Similar Dyads." Journal of Marriage and the Family 38: 15-28.
     Steffensmeier, Renee H.
     1982 "A Role Model of the Transition to Parenthood. " Journal of Marriage and the Family
     (May) : 319-334.
     Tiedje, Linda B., Wortman, Camille B. ,Geraldine Downey, Carol Emmons, Monica Biernat, and Eric Lang
     1990 "Women with Mutiple Roles: Role-Compatibility Perceptions, Satisfaction, and Mental Health." Journal of Marriage and the Family 52: 63-72.
     Yogev, Sara & Brett, Jeanne
     1985 "Percetions of the Division of Housework and Child Care and Marital Satisfaction . " Journal of Marriage and the Family (Aug.): 609-618.		zh_TW